The Experts below are selected from a list of 50064 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Chen Xiaofei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation and research on predatory Natural Enemies of erythroneura apicalis nawa in xinjiang
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Chen XiaofeiAbstract:[Objective]The research aimed to develop and utilize the predatory Natural Enemies of Erythroneura apicalis(Nawa).[Method]The predatory Natural Enemies of E.apicalis in Xinjiang were investigated and studied in 2007 and the predation number of Natural Enemies was determined by indoor test.[Result]Spider was the main predatory Natural enemy in the vineyard of Xinjiang and the number of Chrysopidae spp.was very few.The main groups of spider included Theridiidae(Therdion octomacutatum),Thomisidae,Araneidae and Lycosidae(Pardosa T-insignita).The predation number of Natural Enemies with larger body was greater.The average predation number of Lycosidae and Thomisidae spiders reached 5～7 heads/d.Except that a few of weaving web spiders preyed on a small quantity of adult worms of E.apicalis,most of spiders mainly preyed on the nymphae of E.apicalis.The predation of Chrysopidae on E.apicalis was not obvious.[Conclusion]Spiders were main predatory Natural Enemies in the vineyard.
Mark D Rausher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co evolution and plant resistance to Natural Enemies
Nature, 2001Co-Authors: Mark D RausherAbstract:Co-evolution between plants and their Natural Enemies is generally believed to have generated much of the Earth's biological diversity. A process analogous to co-evolution occurs in agricultural systems, in which Natural Enemies adapt to crop resistance introduced by breeding or genetic engineering. Because of this similarity, the investigation of resistance mechanisms in crops is helping to elucidate the workings of co-evolution in nature, while evolutionary principles, including those derived from investigation of co-evolution in nature, are being applied in the management of resistance in genetically engineered crops.
Cang Hui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of agricultural intensification on ability of Natural Enemies to control aphids
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Zihua Zhao, Cang HuiAbstract:Agricultural intensification through increasing fertilization input and cropland expansion has caused rapid loss of semi-Natural habitats and the subsequent loss of Natural Enemies of agricultural pests. It is however extremely difficult to disentangle the effects of agricultural intensification on arthropod communities at multiple spatial scales. Based on a two-year study of seventeen 1500 m-radius sites, we analyzed the relative importance of nitrogen input and cropland expansion on cereal aphids and their Natural Enemies. Both the input of nitrogen fertilizer and cropland expansion benefited cereal aphids more than primary parasitoids and leaf-dwelling predators, while suppressing ground-dwelling predators, leading to an disturbance of the interspecific relationship. The responses of Natural Enemies to cropland expansion were asymmetric and species-specific, with an increase of primary parasitism but a decline of predator/pest ratio with the increasing nitrogen input. As such, agricultural intensification (increasing nitrogen fertilizer and cropland expansion) can destabilize the interspecific relationship and lead to biodiversity loss. To this end, sustainable pest management needs to balance the benefit and cost of agricultural intensification and restore biocontrol service through proliferating the role of Natural Enemies at multiple scales.
Tang Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A review of insecticide resistance in the Natural Enemies of pest insects
Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: Tang LiangAbstract:Research into insecticide resistance in the Natural Enemies of pest insects has both theoretical and practical significance for the combined use of chemical and biological control in integrated pest management(IPM). Insect Natural Enemies have huge potential value in pest control if they can be used simultaneously with insecticides in IPM. Current understanding of pesticide resistance in the Natural Enemies of pest insects is reviewed, including the effects of insecticides, present knowledge of insecticide-resistance, resistance mechanisms and factors limiting the development of insecticide resistance. The prospects for the future development of populations of Natural Enemies with high insecticide resistance is also discussed.
Camille Puech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Do farming practices affect Natural Enemies at the landscape scale?
Landscape Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Camille Puech, Sylvain Poggi, Jacques Baudry, Stéphanie AvironAbstract:Farming practices are rarely considered in the description of agricultural landscapes. However, the variety of cropping systems creates a particular kind of heterogeneity which can strongly affect the diversity of species living in agro-ecosystems, and consequently the ecosystem services they provide. In this study, we investigate the effects of landscape composition and configuration of organic and conventional farming practices on three groups of aphids' Natural Enemies, compared to field habitat quality and land cover heterogeneity. A field survey was carried out in 2012 and 2013 in western France (Brittany). Ladybirds, carabid beetles and parasitoids were sampled in 40 pairs of organic and conventional winter wheat fields, distributed along a landscape gradient of organic farming areas. The relationships between farming practices and Natural Enemies were investigated with a PLS-path modeling approach, hardly ever used in ecology but presenting numerous advantages to analyze multivariate systems. Results showed that abundance and species richness of Natural Enemies were mainly affected by local farming practices, with a higher diversity in organic fields. To a lesser extent, landscapes also affected Natural Enemies, but only in relation to the length and configuration of hedgerows. Our results open up avenues for the design of agricultural landscapes since our results suggest that Natural enemy diversity can be enhanced without a specific organization of organic fields. We discuss methodological issues regarding the description and the analysis of farming practices at the landscape scale. We argue that such investigations require high quality maps covering large spatial extents, and the use of statistical tools providing a good handling of complex relationships occurring in agro-ecosystems.
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organic vs conventional farming dichotomy does it make sense for Natural Enemies
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Camille Puech, Jacques Audry, Alexandre Joanno, Sylvai Poggi, Stephanie AviroAbstract:As an alternative to conventional farming, organic farming is considered a promising type of production to meet the challenges of modern agriculture. In particular, organic farming is assumed to favour the biological control of pests by their Natural Enemies and, therefore, is considered a possible way to reduce the use of pesticides. Effects of organic vs. conventional farming on insects Natural Enemies have been compared, but the results remain uncertain, probably because the diversity of crop management strategies is rarely considered. In this study, we assessed whether or not the diversity of farming practices implemented in organic and conventional farming affects Natural Enemies of aphids (ladybirds, carabid beetles and parasitoids) in winter wheat. Entomological surveys were carried out in 20 pairs of organic and conventional fields. We interviewed the farmers to identify variables that describe farming practices and identified the most important practices using a ranking approach based on random forests. Abundances of aphids’ Natural Enemies were tested in relation to different levels of description of farming practices (from organic vs. conventional farming to individual practices). We found a large diversity of farming practices, which were evenly distributed along a gradient from organic to conventional farming. Abundances of aphids’ Natural Enemies were greater in organic fields, but the three species groups had different responses to the diversity of farming practices. Ladybirds were influenced by tillage frequency, number of wheat varieties and pesticides, and carabid beetles by tillage frequency, whereas parasitoids were not affected by any practice. Even though the organic vs. conventional farming dichotomy was meaningful to explain aphids’ Natural Enemies abundances, the consideration of more detailed practices improved our understanding of their response to crop management strategies. Our results help identify the level at which agro-ecosystem actors must intervene to promote effective biological control.
