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Olga Barbosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • metagenomic analysis exploring taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in chilean Vineyards and surrounding native forests
    PeerJ, 2017
    Co-Authors: Luis E Castaneda, Olga Barbosa
    Abstract:

    Mediterranean biomes are biodiversity hotspots, and Vineyards are important components of the Mediterranean landscape. Over the last few decades, the amount of land occupied by Vineyards has augmented rapidly, thereby increasing threats to Mediterranean ecosystems. Land use change and agricultural management have important effects on soil biodiversity, because they change the physical and chemical properties of soil. These changes may also have consequences on wine production considering that soil is a key component of terroir. Here, we describe the taxonomic diversity and metabolic functions of bacterial and fungal communities present in forest and Vineyard soils in Chile. To accomplish this goal, we collected soil samples from organic Vineyards in central Chile and employed a shotgun metagenomic approach to sequence the microbial DNA. Additionally, we studied the surrounding native forest to obtain a baseline of the soil conditions in the area prior to the establishment of the Vineyard. Our metagenomic analyses revealed that both habitats shared most of the soil microbial species. The most abundant genera in the two habitats were the bacteria Candidatus Solibacter and Bradyrhizobium and the fungus Gibberella. Our results suggest that the soil microbial communities are similar in these forests and Vineyards. Therefore, we hypothesize that native forests surrounding the Vineyards may be acting as a microbial reservoir buffering the effects of the land conversion. Regarding the metabolic diversity, we found that genes pertaining to the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides as well as genes involved in secondary metabolism were enriched in forest soils. On the other hand, genes related to miscellaneous functions were more abundant in Vineyard soils. These results suggest that the metabolic function of microbes found in these habitats differs, though differences are not related to taxonomy. Finally, we propose that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices by the wine industry may help to maintain the microbial diversity and ecosystem functions associated with natural habitats.

  • metagenomic analysis exploring taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in chilean Vineyards and surrounding native forests
    PeerJ, 2017
    Co-Authors: Luis E Castaneda, Olga Barbosa
    Abstract:

    Mediterranean biomes are biodiversity hotspots and also have been historically related to wine production. During the last decades, land occupied by Vineyards has increased considerably threatening these Mediterranean ecosystems. Land use change and agricultural management affect soil biodiversity, changing physical and chemical properties of soil. These changes may have consequences on wine production, especially because soil is a key component of wine identity or terroir. Here, we characterized the taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and fungal communities present in soil from Vineyards in Central Chile. To accomplish this goal we collected soil samples from organic Vineyards from Central Chile and employed a shotgun metagenomic approach. Additionally, we also studied the surrounding native forest as a picture of the soil conditions prior to the establishment of the Vineyard. Our metagenomic analyses revealed that both habitats shared most of the soil microbial species. In general, bacteria were more abundant than fungi in both types of habitats, including soil-living genera such as Candidatus Solibacter, Bradyrhizobium and Gibberella. Interestingly, we found presence of lactic bacteria and fermenting yeasts in soil, which are key during wine production. However, their abundances were extremely low, suggesting unlikeness of soil as a potential reservoir in Chilean Vineyards. Regarding functional diversity, we found that genes for metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides and secondary metabolism were enriched in forest soils, whereas genes for metabolism of potassium, proteins and miscellaneous functions were more abundant in Vineyard soils. Our results suggest that organic Vineyards have similar soil community composition than forest habitats. Additionally, we suggest that native forests surrounding Vineyards may be acting as microbial reservoir buffering the land conversion. We conclude that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices by the wine industry may help to maintain the microbial diversity and ecosystem functions related to natural habitats.

Karl Storchmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • using hedonic models of solar radiation and weather to assess the economic effect of climate change the case of mosel valley Vineyards
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Orley Ashenfelter, Karl Storchmann
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper we use two alternative methods to assess the effects of climate change on the quality of wines from the Vineyards of the Mosel Valley in Germany. In the first, structural approach we use a physical model of solar radiation to measure the amount of energy collected by a Vineyard and then to establish the econometric relation between energy and Vineyard quality. Coupling this hedonic function with the physics of heat and energy permits a calculation of the impact of any temperature change on Vineyard quality (and prices). In a second approach, we measure the effect of year-to-year changes in the weather on land or crop values in the same region and use the estimated hedonic equation to measure the effect of temperature change on prices. The empirical results of both analyses indicate that the Vineyards of the Mosel Valley will increase in value under a scenario of global warming, and perhaps by a considerable amount.

  • using hedonic models of solar radiation and weather to assess the economic effect of climate change the case of mosel valley Vineyards
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Orley Ashenfelter, Karl Storchmann
    Abstract:

    In this paper we use two alternative methods to assess the effects of climate change on the quality of wines from the Vineyards of the Mosel Valley in Germany. In the first, structural approach we use a physical model of solar radiation to measure the amount of energy collected by a Vineyard and then to establish the econometric relation between energy and Vineyard quality. Coupling this hedonic function with the physics of heat and energy permits a calculation of the impact of any temperature change on Vineyard quality (and prices). In a second approach, we measure the effect of year-to-year changes in the weather on land or crop values in the same region and use the estimated hedonic equation to measure the effect of temperature change on prices. The empirical results of both analyses indicate that the Vineyards of the Mosel Valley will increase in value under a scenario of global warming, and perhaps by a considerable amount. © 2010 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

  • using a hedonic model of solar radiation to assess the economic effect of climate change the case of mosel valley Vineyards
    National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Orley Ashenfelter, Karl Storchmann
    Abstract:

    In this paper we provide a simple, credible method for assessing the effects of climate change on the quality of agricultural land and then apply this method using a rich set of data on the Vineyards of the Mosel Valley in Germany. The basic idea is to use a simple model of solar radiation to measure the amount of energy collected by a Vineyard, and then to establish the econometric relation between energy and Vineyard quality. Coupling this hedonic function with the elementary physics of heat and energy permits a straightforward calculation of the impact of any climate change on Vineyard quality (and prices). We show that the variability in Vineyard quality in this region is due primarily to the extent to which each Vineyard is able to capture radiant solar energy, so that these data provide a particularly credible "experiment" for identifying and measuring the appropriate hedonic equation. Our empirical results indicate that the Vineyards of the Mosel Valley will increase in value under a scenario of global warming, and perhaps by a considerable amount. Vineyard and grape prices increase more than proportionally with greater ripeness, so that we estimate a 3°C increase in temperature would more than double the value of this Vineyard area, while a 1°C increase would increase prices by about 20 percent.

Luis E Castaneda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • metagenomic analysis exploring taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in chilean Vineyards and surrounding native forests
    PeerJ, 2017
    Co-Authors: Luis E Castaneda, Olga Barbosa
    Abstract:

    Mediterranean biomes are biodiversity hotspots, and Vineyards are important components of the Mediterranean landscape. Over the last few decades, the amount of land occupied by Vineyards has augmented rapidly, thereby increasing threats to Mediterranean ecosystems. Land use change and agricultural management have important effects on soil biodiversity, because they change the physical and chemical properties of soil. These changes may also have consequences on wine production considering that soil is a key component of terroir. Here, we describe the taxonomic diversity and metabolic functions of bacterial and fungal communities present in forest and Vineyard soils in Chile. To accomplish this goal, we collected soil samples from organic Vineyards in central Chile and employed a shotgun metagenomic approach to sequence the microbial DNA. Additionally, we studied the surrounding native forest to obtain a baseline of the soil conditions in the area prior to the establishment of the Vineyard. Our metagenomic analyses revealed that both habitats shared most of the soil microbial species. The most abundant genera in the two habitats were the bacteria Candidatus Solibacter and Bradyrhizobium and the fungus Gibberella. Our results suggest that the soil microbial communities are similar in these forests and Vineyards. Therefore, we hypothesize that native forests surrounding the Vineyards may be acting as a microbial reservoir buffering the effects of the land conversion. Regarding the metabolic diversity, we found that genes pertaining to the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides as well as genes involved in secondary metabolism were enriched in forest soils. On the other hand, genes related to miscellaneous functions were more abundant in Vineyard soils. These results suggest that the metabolic function of microbes found in these habitats differs, though differences are not related to taxonomy. Finally, we propose that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices by the wine industry may help to maintain the microbial diversity and ecosystem functions associated with natural habitats.

  • metagenomic analysis exploring taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in chilean Vineyards and surrounding native forests
    PeerJ, 2017
    Co-Authors: Luis E Castaneda, Olga Barbosa
    Abstract:

    Mediterranean biomes are biodiversity hotspots and also have been historically related to wine production. During the last decades, land occupied by Vineyards has increased considerably threatening these Mediterranean ecosystems. Land use change and agricultural management affect soil biodiversity, changing physical and chemical properties of soil. These changes may have consequences on wine production, especially because soil is a key component of wine identity or terroir. Here, we characterized the taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and fungal communities present in soil from Vineyards in Central Chile. To accomplish this goal we collected soil samples from organic Vineyards from Central Chile and employed a shotgun metagenomic approach. Additionally, we also studied the surrounding native forest as a picture of the soil conditions prior to the establishment of the Vineyard. Our metagenomic analyses revealed that both habitats shared most of the soil microbial species. In general, bacteria were more abundant than fungi in both types of habitats, including soil-living genera such as Candidatus Solibacter, Bradyrhizobium and Gibberella. Interestingly, we found presence of lactic bacteria and fermenting yeasts in soil, which are key during wine production. However, their abundances were extremely low, suggesting unlikeness of soil as a potential reservoir in Chilean Vineyards. Regarding functional diversity, we found that genes for metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides and secondary metabolism were enriched in forest soils, whereas genes for metabolism of potassium, proteins and miscellaneous functions were more abundant in Vineyard soils. Our results suggest that organic Vineyards have similar soil community composition than forest habitats. Additionally, we suggest that native forests surrounding Vineyards may be acting as microbial reservoir buffering the land conversion. We conclude that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices by the wine industry may help to maintain the microbial diversity and ecosystem functions related to natural habitats.

Florian Bauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sequence based analysis of the vitis vinifera l cv cabernet sauvignon grape must mycobiome in three south african Vineyards employing distinct agronomic systems
    Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mathabatha E. Setati, Daniel Jacobson, Florian Bauer
    Abstract:

    Recent microbiomic research of agricultural habitats has highlighted tremendous microbial biodiversity associated with such ecosystems. Data generated in Vineyards have furthermore highlighted significant regional differences in Vineyard biodiversity, hinting at the possibility that such differences might be responsible for regional differences in wine style and character, a hypothesis referred to as “microbial terroir”. The current study further contributes to this body of work by comparing the mycobiome associated with South African (SA) Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in three neighboring Vineyards that employ different agronomic approaches, and comparing the outcome with similar data sets from Californian Vineyards. The aim of this study was to fully characterize the mycobiomes associated with the grapes from these Vineyards. The data revealed approximately 10 times more fungal diversity than what is typically retrieved from culture-based studies. The Biodynamic Vineyard was found to harbor a more diverse fungal community (H = 2.6) than the conventional (H = 2.1) and integrated (H = 1.8) Vineyards. The data show that ascomycota are the most abundant phylum in the three Vineyards, with Aureobasidium pullulans and its close relative Kabatiella microsticta being the most dominant fungi. This is the first report to reveal a high incidence of K. microsticta in the grape/wine ecosystem. Different common wine yeast species, such as Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Starmerella bacillaris dominated the mycobiome in the three Vineyards. The data show that the filamentous fungi are the most abundant community in grape must although they are not regarded as relevant during wine fermentation. Comparison of metagenomic datasets from the three SA Vineyards and previously published data from Californian Vineyards revealed only 25% of the fungi in the SA dataset was also present in the Californian dataset, with greater variation evident amongst ubiquitous epiphytic fungi.

  • The Vineyard yeast microbiome, a mixed model microbial map.
    PLoS ONE, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mathabatha E. Setati, Daniel Jacobson, Ursula-claire Andong, Florian Bauer
    Abstract:

    Vineyards harbour a wide variety of microorganisms that play a pivotal role in pre- and post-harvest grape quality and will contribute significantly to the final aromatic properties of wine. The aim of the current study was to investigate the spatial distribution of microbial communities within and between individual Vineyard management units. For the first time in such a study, we applied the Theory of Sampling (TOS) to sample gapes from adjacent and well established commercial Vineyards within the same terroir unit and from several sampling points within each individual Vineyard. Cultivation-based and molecular data sets were generated to capture the spatial heterogeneity in microbial populations within and between Vineyards and analysed with novel mixed-model networks, which combine sample correlations and microbial community distribution probabilities. The data demonstrate that farming systems have a significant impact on fungal diversity but more importantly that there is significant species heterogeneity between samples in the same Vineyard. Cultivation-based methods confirmed that while the same oxidative yeast species dominated in all Vineyards, the least treated Vineyard displayed significantly higher species richness, including many yeasts with biocontrol potential. The cultivatable yeast population was not fully representative of the more complex populations seen with molecular methods, and only the molecular data allowed discrimination amongst farming practices with multivariate and network analysis methods. Importantly, yeast species distribution is subject to significant intra-Vineyard spatial fluctuations and the frequently reported heterogeneity of tank samples of grapes harvested from single Vineyards at the same stage of ripeness might therefore, at least in part, be due to the differing microbiota in different sections of the Vineyard.

Margarida Casal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genetic diversity and population structure of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from different grape varieties and winemaking regions
    PLOS ONE, 2012
    Co-Authors: Dorit Elisabeth Schuller, Filipa Cardoso, Susana Sousa, Paula Gomes, A Gomes, Manuel A S Santos, Margarida Casal
    Abstract:

    We herein evaluate intraspecific genetic diversity of fermentative Vineyard-associated S. cerevisiae strains and evaluate relationships between grape varieties and geographical location on populational structures. From the musts obtained from 288 grape samples, collected from two wine regions (16 Vineyards, nine grape varieties), 94 spontaneous fermentations were concluded and 2820 yeast isolates were obtained that belonged mainly (92%) to the species S. cerevisiae. Isolates were classified in 321 strains by the use of ten microsatellite markers. A high strain diversity (8–43 strains per fermentation) was associated with high percentage (60–100%) of fermenting samples per Vineyard, whereas a lower percentage of spontaneous fermentations (0–40%) corresponded to a rather low strain diversity (1–10 strains per fermentation). For the majority of the populations, observed heterozygosity (Ho) was about two to five times lower than the expected heterozygosity (He). The inferred ancestry showed a very high degree of admixture and divergence was observed between both grape variety and geographical region. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 81–93% of the total genetic variation existed within populations, while significant differentiation within the groups could be detected. Results from AMOVA analysis and clustering of allelic frequencies agree in the distinction of genetically more dispersed populations from the larger wine region compared to the less extended region. Our data show that grape variety is a driver of populational structures, because Vineyards with distinct varieties harbor genetically more differentiated S. cerevisiae populations. Conversely, S. cerevisiae strains from Vineyards in close proximity (5–10 km) that contain the same grape variety tend to be less divergent. Populational similarities did not correlate with the distance between Vineyards of the two wine regions. Globally, our results show that populations of S. cerevisiae in Vineyards may occur locally due to multi-factorial influences, one of them being the grape variety.

  • Biodiversity of Saccharomyces yeast strains from grape berries of wine-producing areas using starter commercial yeasts
    FEMS Yeast Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Eva Valero, Brigitte Cambon, Dorit Schuller, Margarida Casal, Sylvie Dequin
    Abstract:

    The use of commercial wine yeast strains as starters has grown extensively over the past two decades. In this study, a large-scale sampling plan was devised over a period of 3 years in three different Vineyards in the south of France, to evaluate autochthonous wine yeast biodiversity in Vineyards around wineries where active dry yeasts have been used as fermentation starters for more than 5 years. Seventytwo spontaneous fermentations were completed from a total of 106 grape samples, and 2160 colonies were isolated. Among these, 608 Saccharomyces strains were identified and 104 different chromosomal patterns found. The large majority of these (91) were found as unique patterns, indicating great biodiversity. There were differences in biodiversity according to the Vineyard and year, showing that the biodiversity of Saccharomyces strains is influenced by climatic conditions and specific factors associated with the Vineyards, such as age and size. Strains that were terroir yeast candidates were not found. The biodiversity of S. cerevisiae strains after harvest was similar to that in the early campaign; moreover, a temporal succession of S. cerevisiae strains is shown. This fact, together with the differences in biodiversity levels verifies that other factors were more important than commercial yeast utilization in the biodiversity of the Vineyard.