The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Marco Nemesio E Montano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reproductive effects of the water accommodated fraction of a Natural Gas Condensate in the indo pacific reef building coral pocillopora damicornis
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ronald D Villanueva, Marco Nemesio E Montano
    Abstract:

    Abstract Toxic effects of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of a Natural Gas Condensate on the reproduction of the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis were studied in short-term (24 h) laboratory experiments. Coral fragments were exposed to varying concentrations of Condensate WAF during different reproductive phases: gametogenesis, early embryogenesis, and late embryogenesis (when nighttime planulation occurs). During gametogenesis, exposure to Condensate WAF did not inhibit subsequent production of larvae. On the other hand, exposure to >25% WAF of gravid corals, at early and late embryogenesis, resulted in abortion and early release of larvae, respectively, with higher percentages of larvae expelled in fragments treated with higher concentrations of Condensate WAF at least 3 h after onset of exposure. Aborted larvae during early embryogenesis were ‘premature’, as they are of small size (0.06±0.03 mm3), low metamorphic competency (54%), and white in coloration, with a pale brown oral end (indicating low density of zooxanthellae). Those larvae released at the latter part of embryogenesis are bigger in size (0.22±0.08 mm3), possess 100% metamorphic competency, and are brown in coloration (high density of zooxanthellae). Aside from direct effects on reproduction, fragment mortality index was higher in samples exposed to higher concentrations of Condensate WAF (>25%), hence lowering the number of potentially reproducing polyps. Altogether, exposure to >25% Natural Gas Condensate WAF for at least 3 h can potentially disrupt the replenishment of coral populations due to negative effects on reproduction and early life processes.

  • effects of Natural Gas Condensate water accommodated fraction on coral larvae
    Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ronald D Villanueva, Marco Nemesio E Montano
    Abstract:

    Abstract The toxic effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a Natural Gas Condensate on the larvae of five brooding coral species of the Family Pocilloporidae were examined in short term (96 h) bioassays. Lethality was observed in some larvae of Seriatopora hystrix and Seriatopora guttatus upon exposure to high concentrations of the Condensate WAF, while those of Stylophora pistillata , Pocillopora damicornis and Pocillopora verrucosa did not experience mortality. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of WAF produced either delayed or impeded metamorphosis for all species except P. damicornis . Growth of juveniles, exposed to different WAF treatments for 96 h during their larval/early juvenile stages, was measured after 30 d. Marked decrease in subsequent growth rate (polyp count) was observed for S. hystrix , S. guttatus and S. pistillata with increasing WAF concentration. The results showed differential susceptibility of larvae of closely related coral species to oil stress, with the following sensitivity ranking: S. guttatus  >  S. hystrix  >  S. pistillata  >  P. verrucosa  >  P. damicornis . Oil exposure during the planktonic, larval stage of susceptible corals can adversely affect survivorship, recruitment and/or subsequent colony growth, thereby having profound consequences for the abundance of these corals in space and time.

Renato S Lima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • turbulence assisted high throughput liquid liquid extraction in microfluidics and ni oh 2 nanoparticles for electrochemical determination of monoethylene glycol traces in Natural Gas Condensate
    Energy & Fuels, 2018
    Co-Authors: Gabriela F Giordano, Camila L De Camargo, Luis C S Vieira, Marcos Akira Davila, Bruno C Couto, Rogerio M Carvalho, Angelo L Gobbi, Renato S Lima
    Abstract:

    While monoethylene glycol (MEG) is an efficient alternative to prevent the generation of hydrates into the Natural Gas (NG) processing pipes, this specie also generates undesirable effects such as pipe corrosion, catalyst poisoning, quality loss of the fuel, and environment contamination. Thus, MEG is removed from the system in final stages of the NG processing and is regenerated for reuse, making mandatory its monitoring in both regenerated samples and fuels such as the NG Condensate (NGC). Herein, we address a simple and fast method to determine MEG traces in NGC which was based on two stages: microfluidic liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and electrochemical detection. High throughput (residence time of 0.05 s) and efficient LLEs were obtained in a single run by pumping the immiscible phases at harsh flow rates (up to 40 mL min–1) into a bulky chip (without interface) composed of bisphenol A (BSA)-based epoxy resin, which was prototyped using a clean-room-free and bondless approach. This unprecedented sub...

  • Turbulence-Assisted High-Throughput Liquid–Liquid Extraction in Microfluidics and Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Determination of Monoethylene Glycol Traces in Natural Gas Condensate
    Energy & Fuels, 2018
    Co-Authors: Gabriela F Giordano, Camila L De Camargo, Luis C S Vieira, Bruno C Couto, Rogerio M Carvalho, Angelo L Gobbi, Marcos Akira D’Ávila, Renato S Lima
    Abstract:

    While monoethylene glycol (MEG) is an efficient alternative to prevent the generation of hydrates into the Natural Gas (NG) processing pipes, this specie also generates undesirable effects such as pipe corrosion, catalyst poisoning, quality loss of the fuel, and environment contamination. Thus, MEG is removed from the system in final stages of the NG processing and is regenerated for reuse, making mandatory its monitoring in both regenerated samples and fuels such as the NG Condensate (NGC). Herein, we address a simple and fast method to determine MEG traces in NGC which was based on two stages: microfluidic liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and electrochemical detection. High throughput (residence time of 0.05 s) and efficient LLEs were obtained in a single run by pumping the immiscible phases at harsh flow rates (up to 40 mL min–1) into a bulky chip (without interface) composed of bisphenol A (BSA)-based epoxy resin, which was prototyped using a clean-room-free and bondless approach. This unprecedented sub...

Elhameh Narimani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Simulation of hydrodesulfurization unit for Natural Gas Condensate with high sulfur content
    Applied Petrochemical Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Javad Alaei Kadijani, Elhameh Narimani
    Abstract:

    The Natural Gas Condensates are composed of various components of hydrocarbons and some contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide, thiols (mercaptans), and aromatics. Thus, the Natural Gas Condensates could be considered as a fuel resource. This study concerned the simulation of an Ultra-Deep Hydrodesulfurization (UDHDS) unit plus a distillation section to treat a combination of Gas Condensate and disulfide oils (DSO) and produce clean fuel cuts. Gas Condensate of South Pars field of Iran with high sulfur content was applied to obtain clean fuel cuts. In order to reduce the sulfur content of this stream to less than 10 ppmw as sulfur, a UDHDS unit was simulated using Aspen HYSYS software package. The clean Gas Condensate leaving the UDHDS unit (with sulfur content 

  • simulation of hydrodesulfurization unit for Natural Gas Condensate with high sulfur content
    Applied Petrochemical Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Javad Alaei Kadijani, Elhameh Narimani
    Abstract:

    The Natural Gas Condensates are composed of various components of hydrocarbons and some contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide, thiols (mercaptans), and aromatics. Thus, the Natural Gas Condensates could be considered as a fuel resource. This study concerned the simulation of an Ultra-Deep Hydrodesulfurization (UDHDS) unit plus a distillation section to treat a combination of Gas Condensate and disulfide oils (DSO) and produce clean fuel cuts. Gas Condensate of South Pars field of Iran with high sulfur content was applied to obtain clean fuel cuts. In order to reduce the sulfur content of this stream to less than 10 ppmw as sulfur, a UDHDS unit was simulated using Aspen HYSYS software package. The clean Gas Condensate leaving the UDHDS unit (with sulfur content <10 ppmw) contains complex mixtures of hydrocarbon components called petroleum cuts which are identified by their boiling points ranges. To obtain the narrow fractions of butane, light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, and Gasoil, a fractional distillation system was simulated. The simulation results revealed that the top products of distillation column, namely butane, light naphtha, and heavy naphtha were sulfur free and the sulfur contents of kerosene and Gasoil cuts were 12 and 27 ppmw as sulfur, respectively.

Behnaz Bazubandi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • microwave assisted oxidative desulfurization of sour Natural Gas Condensate via combination of sulfuric and nitric acids
    Energy & Fuels, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ehsan Moaseri, Akbar Shahsavand, Behnaz Bazubandi
    Abstract:

    Sulfur components are traditionally considered as undesirable contaminants of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Many countries have passed strict regulations to keep sulfur content of different fuels as low as possible. On a daily basis, over 3000 barrels of sour Gas Condensate are produced in Khangiran Natural Gas processing plant with an annual growth rate of around 16% in the last six years. In pursue of our previous researches, a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids is introduced as a novel oxidative desulfurization agent. Also, the effect of microwave radiation was studied on desulfurization efficiency of proposed agent. Both hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans are totally eliminated from sour Gas Condensate and its total sulfur content is severely reduced from 8500 ppm to less than 300 ppm.

  • experimental study and techno economical evaluation of khangiran sour Natural Gas Condensate desulfurization process
    Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ehsan Moaseri, O Mostaghisi, Akbar Shahsavand, Behnaz Bazubandi, Majid Karimi, J Ahmadi
    Abstract:

    There is a serious global concern for removal of different sulfur components from a variety of hydrocarbon products leading to strict regulations to keep sulfur content of various fuels as low as possible. Sour Gas Condensate production in Khangiran refinery has been tripled in the last 6 years due to the approach of reservoir conditions to the Natural Gas phase envelope boundary. The significant quantity of sour Condensate produced creates several operational and environmental difficulties. To propose a proper process for removal of sulfur species from Khangiran sour Condensate, several experiments are performed by considering various scenarios. The oxidative desulfurization process provided best results and is able to decrease the total sulfur content from 8500 ppm to less than 700 ppm by eliminating all hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans and severely reducing other heavy sulfur containing compounds. The odor of the treated Condensate was completely improved due to removal of all volatile sulfur components. The preliminary techno-economic evaluation of an industrial scale process is performed based on the experimental results. It is clearly shown that the proposed process is beneficial from both financial and environmental standpoints.

Joseph M. Suflita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anaerobic biodegradation of Natural Gas Condensate can be stimulated by the addition of Gasoline
    Biodegradation, 2007
    Co-Authors: Roger C. Prince, Joseph M. Suflita
    Abstract:

    Biodegradation of a broad range of linear and branched alkanes, parent and alkyl alicyclic hydrocarbons, and benzene and alkyl-substituted benzenes was observed when sediment and groundwater samples collected from a Gas Condensate-contaminated aquifer were incubated under methanogenic and especially under sulfate-reducing conditions, even though no exogenous nitrogen or phosphorus was added. This finding expands the range of hydrocarbon molecules known to undergo anaerobic decay and confirms that Natural attenuation is an important process at this site. The addition of 1 μl of Gasoline to the samples (∼10 ppm) had minimal impact on the biodegradation of saturated compounds, but substantially increased the diversity and extent of aromatic compounds undergoing transformation. We attribute this to the promotion or induction of biodegradation pathways in the indigenous microflora following the addition of the Gasoline components. The promoting compounds are not precisely known, but may have been present in the initial Condensate and reduced in concentration by various mechanisms (dissolution, biodegradation, etc.) such that their concentration in the aquifer fell below necessary levels. A variety of aromatic hydrocarbons would appear to be likely candidates.

  • Anaerobic biodegradation of Natural Gas Condensate can be stimulated by the addition of Gasoline
    Biodegradation, 2007
    Co-Authors: Roger C. Prince, Joseph M. Suflita
    Abstract:

    Biodegradation of a broad range of linear and branched alkanes, parent and alkyl alicyclic hydrocarbons, and benzene and alkyl-substituted benzenes was observed when sediment and groundwater samples collected from a Gas Condensate-contaminated aquifer were incubated under methanogenic and especially under sulfate-reducing conditions, even though no exogenous nitrogen or phosphorus was added. This finding expands the range of hydrocarbon molecules known to undergo anaerobic decay and confirms that Natural attenuation is an important process at this site. The addition of 1 mul of Gasoline to the samples (approximately 10 ppm) had minimal impact on the biodegradation of saturated compounds, but substantially increased the diversity and extent of aromatic compounds undergoing transformation. We attribute this to the promotion or induction of biodegradation pathways in the indigenous microflora following the addition of the Gasoline components. The promoting compounds are not precisely known, but may have been present in the initial Condensate and reduced in concentration by various mechanisms (dissolution, biodegradation, etc.) such that their concentration in the aquifer fell below necessary levels. A variety of aromatic hydrocarbons would appear to be likely candidates.

  • anaerobic biodegradation of alicyclic constituents of Gasoline and Natural Gas Condensate by bacteria from an anoxic aquifer
    FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Todd G Townsend, Roger C. Prince, Joseph M. Suflita
    Abstract:

    The biodegradation of alicyclic compounds was studied under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions in samples from a Gas Condensate-contaminated aquifer amended with whole Gasoline. Aquifer microorganisms exhibited previously unrecognized anaerobic alicyclic hydrocarbon metabolism of a broad range of substrates at relatively rapid rates. Simple unsubstituted, methyl-substituted, and ethyl-substituted cyclopentenes, cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes were consumed without a substantial lag in the presence of sulfate, but rather less effectively under methanogenic conditions. Dimethyl-substituted cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes were biodegraded only in the presence of sulfate and a limited isomer-specific biodegradative pattern was seen. These results extend the range of hydrocarbons known to be susceptible to anaerobic decay and help indicate the patterns of alicyclic hydrocarbon biodegradation that can be expected

  • anaerobic oxidation of crude oil hydrocarbons by the resident microorganisms of a contaminated anoxic aquifer
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Todd G Townsend, Roger C. Prince, Joseph M. Suflita
    Abstract:

    The biodegradation of two crude oils by microorganisms from an anoxic aquifer previously contaminated by Natural Gas Condensate was examined under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions. Artificially weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil greatly stimulated both methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the entire n-alkane fraction of this oil (C13−C34) was consumed under both conditions. Naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and 2-ethylnaphthalene were also biodegraded but only in the presence of sulfate. Alba crude oil, which is Naturally depleted in n-alkanes, resulted in a relatively modest stimulation of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation was similar to that found for the Alaska North Slope crude oil, but a broader range of compounds was metabolized, including 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene in the presence of sulfate. These results indicate that n-alkanes are relatively labile, and their biodegr...

  • Anaerobic Oxidation of Crude Oil Hydrocarbons by the Resident Microorganisms of a Contaminated Anoxic Aquifer
    Environmental Science and Technology, 2003
    Co-Authors: G. Todd Townsend, Roger C. Prince, Joseph M. Suflita
    Abstract:

    The biodegradation of two crude oils by microorganisms from an anoxic aquifer previously contaminated by Natural Gas Condensate was examined under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions. Artificially weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil greatly stimulated both methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the entire n-alkane fraction of this oil (C13-C34) was consumed under both conditions. Naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and 2-ethylnaphthalene were also biodegraded but only in the presence of sulfate. Alba crude oil, which is Naturally depleted in n-alkanes, resulted in a relatively modest stimulation of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation was similar to that found for the Alaska North Slope crude oil, but a broader range of compounds was metabolized, including 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene in the presence of sulfate. These results indicate that n-alkanes are relatively labile, and their biodegradation in terrestrial environments is not necessarily limited by electron acceptor availability. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are relatively more recalcitrant, and the biodegradation of these substrates appeared to be sulfate-dependent and homologue-specific. This information should be useful for assessing the limits of in situ crude oil biodegradation in terrestrial environments and for making decisions regarding risk-based corrective actions.