The Experts below are selected from a list of 1941 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Curtis M Oldenburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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joule thomson cooling due to co2 injection into Natural Gas Reservoirs
Energy Conversion and Management, 2007Co-Authors: Curtis M OldenburgAbstract:Depleted Natural Gas Reservoirs are a promising target for Carbon Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR). The focus of this study is on evaluating the importance of Joule-Thomson cooling during CO2 injection into depleted Natural Gas Reservoirs. Joule-Thomson cooling is the adiabatic cooling that accompanies the expansion of a real Gas. If Joule-Thomson cooling were extreme, injectivity and formation permeability could be altered by the freezing of residual water, formation of hydrates, and fracturing due to thermal stresses. The TOUGH2/EOS7C module for CO2-CH4-H2O mixtures is used as the simulation analysis tool. For verification of EOS7C, the classic Joule-Thomson expansion experiment is modeled for pure CO2 resulting
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joule thomson cooling due to co2 injection into Natural Gas Reservoirs
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2006Co-Authors: Curtis M OldenburgAbstract:Depleted Natural Gas Reservoirs are a promising target for Carbon Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR). The focus of this study is on evaluating the importance of Joule-Thomson cooling during CO2 injection into depleted Natural Gas Reservoirs. Joule-Thomson cooling is the adiabatic cooling that accompanies the expansion of a real Gas. If Joule-Thomson cooling were extreme, injectivity and formation permeability could be altered by the freezing of residual water, formation of hydrates, and fracturing due to thermal stresses. The TOUGH2/EOS7C module for CO2-CH4-H2O mixtures is used as the simulation analysis tool. For verification of EOS7C, the classic Joule-Thomson expansion experiment is modeled for pure CO2 resulting in Joule-Thomson coefficients in agreement with standard references to within 5-7 percent. For demonstration purposes, CO2 injection at constant pressure and with a large pressure drop (~;50 bars) is presented in order to show that cooling by more than 20oC can occur by this effect. Two more-realistic constant-rate injection cases show that for typical systems in the Sacramento Valley, California, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect is minimal. This simulation study shows that for constant-rate injections into high-permeability Reservoirs, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect is not expected to create significant problems for CSEGR.
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carbon sequestration in Natural Gas Reservoirs enhanced Gas recovery and Natural Gas storage
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2003Co-Authors: Curtis M OldenburgAbstract:Natural Gas Reservoirs are obvious targets for carbon sequestration by direct carbon dioxide (CO2) injection by virtue of their proven record of Gas production and integrity against Gas escape. Carbon sequestration in depleted Natural Gas Reservoirs can be coupled with enhanced Gas production by injecting CO2 into the reservoir as it is being produced, a process called Carbon Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR). In this process, supercritical CO2 is injected deep in the reservoir while methane (CH4) is produced at wells some distance away. The active injection of CO2 causes repressurization and CH4 displacement to allow the control and enhancement of Gas recovery relative to water-drive or depletion-drive reservoir operations. Carbon dioxide undergoes a large change in density as CO2 Gas passes through the critical pressure at temperatures near the critical temperature. This feature makes CO2 a potentially effective cushion Gas for Gas storage Reservoirs. Thus at the end of the CSEGR process when the reservoir is filled with CO2, additional benefit of the reservoir may be obtained through its operation as a Natural Gas storage reservoir. In this paper, we present discussion and simulation results from TOUGH2/EOS7C of Gas mixture property prediction, Gas injection, repressurization, migration, and mixing processes that occur in Gas Reservoirs under active CO2 injection.
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process modeling of co2 injection into Natural Gas Reservoirs for carbon sequestration and enhanced Gas recovery
Energy & Fuels, 2001Co-Authors: Curtis M Oldenburg, Karsten Pruess, Sally M BensonAbstract:Injection of CO2 into depleted Natural Gas Reservoirs offers the potential to sequester carbon while simultaneously enhancing CH4 recovery. Enhanced CH4 recovery can partially offset the costs of CO2 injection. With the goal of analyzing the feasibility of carbon sequestration with enhanced Gas recovery (CSEGR), we are investigating the physical processes associated with injecting CO2 into Natural Gas Reservoirs. The properties of Natural Gas Reservoirs and CO2 and CH4 appear to favor CSEGR. To simulate the processes of CSEGR, a module for the TOUGH2 reservoir simulator that includes water, brine, CO2, tracer, and CH4 in nonisothermal conditions has been developed. Simulations based on the Rio Vista Gas Field in the Central Valley of California are used to test the feasibility of CSEGR using CO2 separated from flue Gas generated by the 680 MW Antioch Gas-fired power plant. Model results show that CO2 injection allows additional CH4 to be produced during and after CO2 injection.
Axel Bergmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential water related environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing employed in exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs in germany
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014Co-Authors: Axel Bergmann, Frank Andreas Weber, Georg H Meiners, Frank A MullerAbstract:The application of hydraulic fracturing during exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs is currently under intense public discussion. On behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency we have investigated the potential water-related environmental risks for human health and the environment that could be caused by employing hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. Here we provide an overview of the present situation and the state of the debate in Germany and summarize main results of the conducted risk assessment. We propose a concept for a risk assessment considering the site-specific analysis of the geosystem, the relevance of possible impact pathways and the hazard potential of the fracking fluids employed. The foundation of a sound risk analysis is a description of the current system, the relevant impact pathways and their interactions. An evaluation of fracking fluids used in Germany shows that several additives were employed even in newer fluids that exhibit critical properties or for which an assessment of their behaviour and effects in the environment is not possible or limited due to lack of current knowledge. The authors propose an assessment method that allows for the estimation of the hazard potential of specific fracking fluids, formation water, and the flowback based on legal thresholds and guidance values as well as on human- and eco-toxicologically predicted no-effect concentrations. The assessment of a previously employed and a prospectively planed fracking fluids shows that these fluids exhibit a high hazard potential. The flowback containing fracking fluid, formation water, and possibly reaction products can also exhibit serious hazard potentials, requiring environmentally acceptable techniques for its treatment and disposal. The risk analysis must be conducted always site-specifically and consider regional groundwater flow conditions. The study concludes that currently missing knowledge and data prevent a profound assessment of the risks and their technical controllability in Germany. Missing knowledge and information includes data on the properties of the deep geosystem and of the behaviour and effects of the deployed chemical additives. In this setting the authors propose several recommendations for further action and procedures regarding the application of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany.
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Potential water-related environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing employed in exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs in Germany
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014Co-Authors: Axel Bergmann, Frank Andreas Weber, H. Georg Meiners, Frank MullerAbstract:Background: The application of hydraulic fracturing during exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs is currently under intense public discussion. On behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency we have investigated the potential water-related environmental risks for human health and the environment that could be caused by employing hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. Here we provide an overview of the present situation and the state of the debate in Germany and summarize main results of the conducted risk assessment. Results: We propose a concept for a risk assessment considering the site-specific analysis of the geosystem, the relevance of possible impact pathways and the hazard potential of the fracking fluids employed. The foundation of a sound risk analysis is a description of the current system, the relevant impact pathways and their interactions. An evaluation of fracking fluids used in Germany shows that several additives were employed even in newer fluids that exhibit critical properties or for which an assessment of their behaviour and effects in the environment is not possible or limited due to lack of current knowledge. The authors propose an assessment method that allows for the estimation of the hazard potential of specific fracking fluids, formation water, and the flowback based on legal thresholds and guidance values as well as on human- and eco-toxicologically predicted no-effect concentrations. The assessment of a previously employed and a prospectively planed fracking fluids shows that these fluids exhibit a high hazard potential. The flowback containing fracking fluid, formation water, and possibly reaction products can also exhibit serious hazard potentials, requiring environmentally acceptable techniques for its treatment and disposal. Conclusions: The risk analysis must be conducted always site-specifically and consider regional groundwater flow conditions. The study concludes that currently missing knowledge and data prevent a profound assessment of the risks and their technical controllability in Germany. Missing knowledge and information includes data on the properties of the deep geosystem and of the behaviour and effects of the deployed chemical additives. In this setting the authors propose several recommendations for further action and procedures regarding the application of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. © 2014 Bergmann et al.
Frank A Muller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential water related environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing employed in exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs in germany
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014Co-Authors: Axel Bergmann, Frank Andreas Weber, Georg H Meiners, Frank A MullerAbstract:The application of hydraulic fracturing during exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs is currently under intense public discussion. On behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency we have investigated the potential water-related environmental risks for human health and the environment that could be caused by employing hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. Here we provide an overview of the present situation and the state of the debate in Germany and summarize main results of the conducted risk assessment. We propose a concept for a risk assessment considering the site-specific analysis of the geosystem, the relevance of possible impact pathways and the hazard potential of the fracking fluids employed. The foundation of a sound risk analysis is a description of the current system, the relevant impact pathways and their interactions. An evaluation of fracking fluids used in Germany shows that several additives were employed even in newer fluids that exhibit critical properties or for which an assessment of their behaviour and effects in the environment is not possible or limited due to lack of current knowledge. The authors propose an assessment method that allows for the estimation of the hazard potential of specific fracking fluids, formation water, and the flowback based on legal thresholds and guidance values as well as on human- and eco-toxicologically predicted no-effect concentrations. The assessment of a previously employed and a prospectively planed fracking fluids shows that these fluids exhibit a high hazard potential. The flowback containing fracking fluid, formation water, and possibly reaction products can also exhibit serious hazard potentials, requiring environmentally acceptable techniques for its treatment and disposal. The risk analysis must be conducted always site-specifically and consider regional groundwater flow conditions. The study concludes that currently missing knowledge and data prevent a profound assessment of the risks and their technical controllability in Germany. Missing knowledge and information includes data on the properties of the deep geosystem and of the behaviour and effects of the deployed chemical additives. In this setting the authors propose several recommendations for further action and procedures regarding the application of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany.
Frank Muller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential water-related environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing employed in exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs in Germany
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014Co-Authors: Axel Bergmann, Frank Andreas Weber, H. Georg Meiners, Frank MullerAbstract:Background: The application of hydraulic fracturing during exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs is currently under intense public discussion. On behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency we have investigated the potential water-related environmental risks for human health and the environment that could be caused by employing hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. Here we provide an overview of the present situation and the state of the debate in Germany and summarize main results of the conducted risk assessment. Results: We propose a concept for a risk assessment considering the site-specific analysis of the geosystem, the relevance of possible impact pathways and the hazard potential of the fracking fluids employed. The foundation of a sound risk analysis is a description of the current system, the relevant impact pathways and their interactions. An evaluation of fracking fluids used in Germany shows that several additives were employed even in newer fluids that exhibit critical properties or for which an assessment of their behaviour and effects in the environment is not possible or limited due to lack of current knowledge. The authors propose an assessment method that allows for the estimation of the hazard potential of specific fracking fluids, formation water, and the flowback based on legal thresholds and guidance values as well as on human- and eco-toxicologically predicted no-effect concentrations. The assessment of a previously employed and a prospectively planed fracking fluids shows that these fluids exhibit a high hazard potential. The flowback containing fracking fluid, formation water, and possibly reaction products can also exhibit serious hazard potentials, requiring environmentally acceptable techniques for its treatment and disposal. Conclusions: The risk analysis must be conducted always site-specifically and consider regional groundwater flow conditions. The study concludes that currently missing knowledge and data prevent a profound assessment of the risks and their technical controllability in Germany. Missing knowledge and information includes data on the properties of the deep geosystem and of the behaviour and effects of the deployed chemical additives. In this setting the authors propose several recommendations for further action and procedures regarding the application of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. © 2014 Bergmann et al.
Frank Andreas Weber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential water related environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing employed in exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs in germany
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014Co-Authors: Axel Bergmann, Frank Andreas Weber, Georg H Meiners, Frank A MullerAbstract:The application of hydraulic fracturing during exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs is currently under intense public discussion. On behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency we have investigated the potential water-related environmental risks for human health and the environment that could be caused by employing hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. Here we provide an overview of the present situation and the state of the debate in Germany and summarize main results of the conducted risk assessment. We propose a concept for a risk assessment considering the site-specific analysis of the geosystem, the relevance of possible impact pathways and the hazard potential of the fracking fluids employed. The foundation of a sound risk analysis is a description of the current system, the relevant impact pathways and their interactions. An evaluation of fracking fluids used in Germany shows that several additives were employed even in newer fluids that exhibit critical properties or for which an assessment of their behaviour and effects in the environment is not possible or limited due to lack of current knowledge. The authors propose an assessment method that allows for the estimation of the hazard potential of specific fracking fluids, formation water, and the flowback based on legal thresholds and guidance values as well as on human- and eco-toxicologically predicted no-effect concentrations. The assessment of a previously employed and a prospectively planed fracking fluids shows that these fluids exhibit a high hazard potential. The flowback containing fracking fluid, formation water, and possibly reaction products can also exhibit serious hazard potentials, requiring environmentally acceptable techniques for its treatment and disposal. The risk analysis must be conducted always site-specifically and consider regional groundwater flow conditions. The study concludes that currently missing knowledge and data prevent a profound assessment of the risks and their technical controllability in Germany. Missing knowledge and information includes data on the properties of the deep geosystem and of the behaviour and effects of the deployed chemical additives. In this setting the authors propose several recommendations for further action and procedures regarding the application of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany.
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Potential water-related environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing employed in exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs in Germany
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014Co-Authors: Axel Bergmann, Frank Andreas Weber, H. Georg Meiners, Frank MullerAbstract:Background: The application of hydraulic fracturing during exploration and exploitation of unconventional Natural Gas Reservoirs is currently under intense public discussion. On behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency we have investigated the potential water-related environmental risks for human health and the environment that could be caused by employing hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. Here we provide an overview of the present situation and the state of the debate in Germany and summarize main results of the conducted risk assessment. Results: We propose a concept for a risk assessment considering the site-specific analysis of the geosystem, the relevance of possible impact pathways and the hazard potential of the fracking fluids employed. The foundation of a sound risk analysis is a description of the current system, the relevant impact pathways and their interactions. An evaluation of fracking fluids used in Germany shows that several additives were employed even in newer fluids that exhibit critical properties or for which an assessment of their behaviour and effects in the environment is not possible or limited due to lack of current knowledge. The authors propose an assessment method that allows for the estimation of the hazard potential of specific fracking fluids, formation water, and the flowback based on legal thresholds and guidance values as well as on human- and eco-toxicologically predicted no-effect concentrations. The assessment of a previously employed and a prospectively planed fracking fluids shows that these fluids exhibit a high hazard potential. The flowback containing fracking fluid, formation water, and possibly reaction products can also exhibit serious hazard potentials, requiring environmentally acceptable techniques for its treatment and disposal. Conclusions: The risk analysis must be conducted always site-specifically and consider regional groundwater flow conditions. The study concludes that currently missing knowledge and data prevent a profound assessment of the risks and their technical controllability in Germany. Missing knowledge and information includes data on the properties of the deep geosystem and of the behaviour and effects of the deployed chemical additives. In this setting the authors propose several recommendations for further action and procedures regarding the application of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional Gas Reservoirs in Germany. © 2014 Bergmann et al.
