The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Janet Yanowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Property Analysis of Ethanol--Natural Gasoline--BOB Blends to Make Flex Fuel
2016Co-Authors: Teresa L Alleman, Janet YanowitzAbstract:Ten Natural Gasolines were analyzed for a wide range of properties, including Reid vapor pressure (RVP), benzene, sulfur, distillation, stability, metals, and aromatic content, to determine their quality. Benzene and sulfur content were sufficiently low in all but one of the samples that they could be blended without further upgrading. Four of these samples were selected to blend with blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB) and ethanol to produce E51, E70, and E83 blends, targeting 7.8 and 9.0-psi finished fuels. The volume of each component in the blend was estimated using the Reddy model, with the assumption that the BOB and Natural Gasoline blend linearly and behave as a single component in the model calculations. Results show that the Reddy model adequately predicts the RVP of the finished blend for E51 and E70, but significantly underpredicts the RVP of E83 blends by nearly 2 psi. It is hypothesized that the underprediction is a function of the very low aromatic content of the E83 blends, even compared to the E51 and E70 blends.
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properties of ethanol fuel blends made with Natural Gasoline
Energy & Fuels, 2015Co-Authors: Teresa L Alleman, Robert L Mccormick, Janet YanowitzAbstract:This project looks at the potential of blending ethanol with Natural Gasoline to produce Flex-Fuels (ASTM D5798-13a) and high-octane, mid-level ethanol blends. Eight Natural Gasoline samples were collected from pipeline companies or ethanol producers around the United States. Analysis of the Natural Gasoline shows that the samples are 80–95% paraffinic, 5–15% naphthenic, 3% or less aromatics, and the balance olefins. The paraffins were typically pentane and isopentanes. The benzene content ranged from approximately 0.1 to 1.2 wt % such that blends of E30 or more would meet United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) limits for the benzene content in Gasoline. The sulfur content in the Natural Gasoline ranged between 4 and 146 ppm. Assuming the lowest ethanol content in Flex-Fuel of 51 volume percent (vol %), a Natural Gasoline blendstock would be required to have 20 ppm sulfur or less for the finished fuel to meet the upcoming U.S. EPA Tier 3 Gasoline sulfur limit. The research octane number ...
Maria Regina Wolf Maciel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of a methodology to reproduce and to optimize the operating conditions of a Natural gas processing unit
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1996Co-Authors: L G Gomes, Maria Regina Wolf MacielAbstract:The objective of this work is to make a simulation to be possible to reproduce and to optimize the operating conditions of the Natural Gas Processing Unit, which belongs to PETROBRAS (Brazilian Petroleum Limited Company). The unit process is the refrigerated absorption and it has been studied its energetic optimization and the reduction of absorption oil molecular weight. The simulation has been built in a unique computer file. To bring near the column internal flows and temperatures to the real values, column stage efficiencies have been incorporated using a method, developed in this work, beginning with O'Connell global efficiency. For optimization, two aspects have been studied. Firstly, it is proposed to reduce the molecular weight of the oil, until the molecular weight of the Natural Gasoline (C5+). This has resulted in a possible reduction of the fuel gas in 30.7% and 5.8% in the total absorved power. Secondly, the application of PINCH technology has shown that it is possible to economize until 16.4% of the fuel gas, making a new lay-out of the process.
Teresa L Alleman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Property Analysis of Ethanol--Natural Gasoline--BOB Blends to Make Flex Fuel
2016Co-Authors: Teresa L Alleman, Janet YanowitzAbstract:Ten Natural Gasolines were analyzed for a wide range of properties, including Reid vapor pressure (RVP), benzene, sulfur, distillation, stability, metals, and aromatic content, to determine their quality. Benzene and sulfur content were sufficiently low in all but one of the samples that they could be blended without further upgrading. Four of these samples were selected to blend with blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB) and ethanol to produce E51, E70, and E83 blends, targeting 7.8 and 9.0-psi finished fuels. The volume of each component in the blend was estimated using the Reddy model, with the assumption that the BOB and Natural Gasoline blend linearly and behave as a single component in the model calculations. Results show that the Reddy model adequately predicts the RVP of the finished blend for E51 and E70, but significantly underpredicts the RVP of E83 blends by nearly 2 psi. It is hypothesized that the underprediction is a function of the very low aromatic content of the E83 blends, even compared to the E51 and E70 blends.
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properties of ethanol fuel blends made with Natural Gasoline
Energy & Fuels, 2015Co-Authors: Teresa L Alleman, Robert L Mccormick, Janet YanowitzAbstract:This project looks at the potential of blending ethanol with Natural Gasoline to produce Flex-Fuels (ASTM D5798-13a) and high-octane, mid-level ethanol blends. Eight Natural Gasoline samples were collected from pipeline companies or ethanol producers around the United States. Analysis of the Natural Gasoline shows that the samples are 80–95% paraffinic, 5–15% naphthenic, 3% or less aromatics, and the balance olefins. The paraffins were typically pentane and isopentanes. The benzene content ranged from approximately 0.1 to 1.2 wt % such that blends of E30 or more would meet United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) limits for the benzene content in Gasoline. The sulfur content in the Natural Gasoline ranged between 4 and 146 ppm. Assuming the lowest ethanol content in Flex-Fuel of 51 volume percent (vol %), a Natural Gasoline blendstock would be required to have 20 ppm sulfur or less for the finished fuel to meet the upcoming U.S. EPA Tier 3 Gasoline sulfur limit. The research octane number ...
Rafael Martinezpalou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dft study of the interaction between ethanethiol and fe containing ionic liquids for desulfuration of Natural Gasoline
Fuel Processing Technology, 2012Co-Authors: J M Martinezmagadan, Paloma García, Raul Oviedoroa, Rafael MartinezpalouAbstract:Abstract The interaction between ethanethiol molecule and either anhydrous Fe III chloride anions or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMIM] + ) cations of ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated using Density Functional Theory approach and results were correlated with our previous experimental results on extractive desulfurization (EDS), where ILs containing anionic Fe III species show excellent performance to remove sulfur compounds from Natural Gasoline, especially when there exists an excess of FeCl 3 in the [BMIM] + [FeCl 4 ] − IL since this mixture contains binuclear anions [Fe 2 Cl 7 ] − , whose Fe―Cl―Fe bonds are larger and less strong than Fe―Cl bonds of mononuclear anions [FeCl 4 ] − , being then the former bonds activated for ethanethiol chemisorption. Molecular frontier orbitals and Mulliken atomic charges reveal that the high desulfurization performance could be due to a Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson-like mechanism of electron donation–backdonation among ethanethiol sulfur and transition metal centers of [Fe 2 Cl 7 ] − anions, and this mechanism is promoted because of the symmetry affinity among the ethanethiol HOMO and the atomic orbital t 2g on Fe sites in [Fe 2 Cl 7 ] − LUMO. On the other hand, when there is no excess of FeCl 3 , EDS increases with the size of N-alkyl substitutes in [BMIM] + due to ethanethiol physisorption by these cations.
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ionic liquids screening for desulfurization of Natural Gasoline by liquid liquid extraction
Molecular Diversity, 2010Co-Authors: Natalya V. Likhanova, Eugenio A. Flores, Paloma García, Jorge Palomeque, Diego Guzmanlucero, Marco A Dominguezaguilar, Rafael MartinezpalouAbstract:Seventy five ionic liquids (ILs) were tested as a sequestering agent of sulfured compounds in Natural Gasoline (NG). Desulphurization of NG was performed by means of liquid–liquid extraction method at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Experimental ILs containing imidazolium, pyridinium, and ammonium cations along with organic and inorganic anions were synthesized conventionally and under microwave and sonochemical conditions. The effect of the molecular structure of ILs on the desulfurization efficiency of NG with high sulfur content was evaluated. Analysis indicated that the anion type played a more important role than the cation on the desulphurization process. ILs based on halogen–ferrates and halogen–aluminates exhibited the highest efficiency in sulfur removal, and their efficiency is further improved when there is an excess of metallic salt in a ratio of at least 1:1.3 during the synthesis of the corresponding IL. An explanation for the ability of metallic ILs to remove sulfur-containing compounds from Natural Gasoline based on the ratio of the ionic charge to the atomic radius is proposed. Furthermore, a method to recover and reuse water-sensitive to halogenated precursors is described.
Nélida B. Brignole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Evolutionary Algorithm Applied to Inventory Control for Natural Gasoline
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2016Co-Authors: Paola P. Oteiza, Nélida B. BrignoleAbstract:A metaheuristic technique for controller design is explored, and its performance is assessed for a real-world case. An evolutionary algorithm for self-tuning systems is proposed to tune the optimal control settings in order to achieve the best overall performance to control accurately the volume of Natural Gasoline in a storage tank. For high-level optimization, a flexible iterative technique based on Genetic Algorithms is presented. The algorithm is stable, and its architecture is simple, thus becoming easy to implement. Not only heuristics that produce superior solutions are taken into account, but also the computational speed is contemplated as a key factor. The experimental evaluation yields satisfactory fitness values, and relatively little computational effort is required.
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an evolutionary algorithm applied to inventory control for Natural Gasoline
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2016Co-Authors: Paola P. Oteiza, Nélida B. BrignoleAbstract:A metaheuristic technique for controller design is explored, and its performance is assessed for a real-world case. An evolutionary algorithm for self-tuning systems is proposed to tune the optimal...
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Simulated Annealing Optimization for Hydrocarbon Pipeline Networks
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013Co-Authors: Diego A. Rodríguez, Paola P. Oteiza, Nélida B. BrignoleAbstract:In this work the determination of optimally located pipeline networks has been proposed by means of the implementation of a metaheuristic algorithm called Simulated Annealing with GAMS (SAG) in order to find the best pipeline layout together with a subset of locations to install concentrating nodes. The strategy essentially consists of a hybridization of Simulated Annealing, combined with the well-known GAMS package. In particular, the sample cases consisted of finding the most convenient routes so as to transport Natural Gasoline from Santa Cruz (Argentina) gas fields to the processing plants. The SAG algorithm behaved satisfactorily because it proved to be efficient and flexible.
