The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James R Watson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the mechanics of blue growth management of oceanic Natural Resource Use with multiple interacting sectors
2018Co-Authors: Dane H Klinger, Anne Maria Eikeset, Brynhildur Daviðsdottir, Annamarie Winter, James R WatsonAbstract:Abstract Integrated management of multiple economic sectors is a central tenet of blue growth and socially optimal Use of ocean-based Natural Resources, but the mechanisms of implementation remain poorly understood. In this review, we explore the challenges and opportunities of multi-sector management. We describe the roles of key existing sectors (fisheries, transportation, and offshore hydrocarbon) and emerging sectors (aquaculture, tourism, and seabed mining) and the likely synergistic and antagonistic inter-sector interactions. We then review methods to help characterize and quantify interactions and decision-support tools to help managers balance and optimize around interactions.
Lucas Bretschger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
population growth and Natural Resource scarcity long run development under seemingly unfavourable conditions
2013Co-Authors: Lucas BretschgerAbstract:The paper considers an economy which is constrained by Natural Resource Use and driven by knowledge accumulation. Resources are essential inputs in all the sectors. It is shown that population growth and poor input substitution are not detrimental but, on the contrary, even necessary for obtaining a sustainable consumption level. We find a new type of Hartwick rule defining the conditions for a constant innovation rate. The rule does not apply to capital but to labour growth, the crucial input in research. Furthermore, it relates to the sectoral structure of the economy and to demographic transition. The results continue to hold with a backstop technology and are extended for the case of minimum Resource constraints.
-
Economics of technological change and the Natural environment: How effective are innovations as a remedy for Resource scarcity?
2005Co-Authors: Lucas BretschgerAbstract:The paper aims to substantiate the importance of endogenous innovations when evaluating the compatibility of Natural Resource Use and economic development. It explains that technological change has the potential to compensate for Natural Resource scarcity, diminishing returns to capital, poor input substitution, and material balance restrictions, but is limited by various restrictions like fading returns to innovative investments and rising research costs. It also shows how innovative activities are fostered by accurate price signals and research-favouring sectoral change. The simultaneous effects of increasing technical knowledge, decreasing Resource inputs, and increasing world population largely determine the chances of long-run sustainable development. Consequently, future research has to be directed at a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms driving innovations in the presence of Natural Resource scarcity.
Chasca Twyman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
equity and justice in climate change adaptation amongst Natural Resource dependent societies
2005Co-Authors: David S G Thomas, Chasca TwymanAbstract:Abstract Issues of equity and justice are high on international agendas dealing with the impacts of global climate change. But what are the implications of climate change for equity and justice amongst vulnerable groups at local and sub-national levels? We ask this question for three reasons: (a) there is a considerable literature suggesting that the poorest and most vulnerable groups will disproportionately experience the negative effects of 21st century climate change; (b) such changes are likely to impact significantly on developing world countries, where Natural-Resource dependency is high; and (c) international conventions increasingly recognise the need to centrally engage Resource stakeholders in agendas in order to achieve their desired aims, as part of more holistic approaches to sustainable development. These issues however have implications for distributive and procedural justice, particularly when considered within the efforts of the UNFCCC. The issues are examined through an evaluation of key criteria relating to climate change scenarios and vulnerability in the developing world, and second through two southern African case studies that explore the ways in which livelihoods are differentially impacted by (i) inequitable Natural-Resource Use policies, (ii) community-based Natural-Resource management programmes. Finally, we consider the placement of climate change amongst the package of factors affecting equity in Natural-Resource Use, and whether this placement creates a case for considering climate change as ‘special’ amongst livelihood disturbing factors in the developing world.
-
Natural Resource Use and livelihoods in Botswana's Wildlife Management Areas
2001Co-Authors: Chasca TwymanAbstract:Abstract Global debates surrounding the management of Natural Resources in protected areas advocate greater involvement of local populations in order to maintain sustainable Resource Use and conserve biological diversity. For this involvement to be effective, and for development to be truly participatory, a deeper understanding of people's relationships with the environment is needed. This paper explores the society–environment interactions of people in a newly established Wildlife Management Area in western Botswana, illustrating the complexity and diversity of Resource Use and livelihoods that must be addressed by development interventions.
Peter J Parks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Natural Resource Use conflict gold mining in tropical rainforest in ghana
2007Co-Authors: Wisdom Akpalu, Peter J ParksAbstract:Gold is frequently mined in rainforests that can provide either gold or forest benefits, but not both. This conflict in Resource Use occurs in Ghana, a developing country in the tropics where the capital needed for mining is obtained from foreign direct investment (FDI). We Use a dynamic model to show that an ad valorem severance tax on gross revenue can be Used to internalize environmental opportunity costs. The optimal tax must equal the ratio of marginal benefits from forest Use to marginal benefits from gold extraction. Furthermore, the tax should increase (decrease) when adjusted net return on all other assets in the economy is higher (lower) than the growth in the price of gold. Empirical results suggest that the 3 per cent tax rate currently Used in Ghana is too low to fully represent the external cost of extraction (i.e., lost forest benefits).
-
Natural Resource Use conflict gold mining in tropical rainforest in ghana
2005Co-Authors: Wisdom Akpalu, Peter J ParksAbstract:Gold is frequently mined in rainforests that can provide either gold or forest benefits, but not both. This conflict in Resource Use occurs in Ghana, a developing country in the tropics where the capital needed for mining is obtained from foreign direct investment (FDI). We Use a dynamic model to show that an ad valorem severance tax on gross revenue can be Used to internalize environmental opportunity costs. The optimal tax must equal the ratio of marginal benefits from forest Use to marginal benefits from gold extraction. Over time, this tax must change at a rate equal to the difference between the discount rate and the rate of change in the price of gold. Empirical results suggest that the 3 percent tax rate currently Used in Ghana is too low to fully represent the external cost of extraction (i.e., lost forest benefits).
Claudia Pahlwostl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sustainability learning in Natural Resource Use and management
2007Co-Authors: David J Tabara, Claudia PahlwostlAbstract:We contribute to the normative discussion on sustainability learning and provide a theoretical integrative framework intended to underlie the main components and interrelations of what learning is required for social learning to become sustainability learning. We demonstrate how this framework has been operationalized in a participatory modeling interface to support processes of Natural Resource integrated assessment and management. The key modeling components of our view are: structure (S), energy and Resources (E), information and knowledge (I), social-ecological change (C), and the size, thresholds, and connections of different social-ecological systems. Our approach attempts to overcome many of the cultural dualisms that exist in the way social and ecological systems are perceived and affect many of the most common definitions of sustainability. Our approach also emphasizes the issue of limits within a total socialecological system and takes a multiscale, agent-based perspective. Sustainability learning is different from social learning insofar as not all of the outcomes of social learning processes necessarily improve what we consider as essential for the long-term sustainability of social-ecological systems, namely, the co-adaptive systemic capacity of agents to anticipate and deal with the unintended, undesired, and irreversible negative effects of development. Hence, the main difference of sustainability learning from social learning is the content of what is learned and the criteria Used to assess such content; these are necessarily related to increasing the capacity of agents to manage, in an integrative and organic way, the total social–ecological system of which they form a part. The concept of sustainability learning and the SEIC social-ecological framework can be Useful to assess and communicate the effectiveness of multiple agents to halt or reverse the destructive trends affecting the life-support systems upon which all humans depend.
