The Experts below are selected from a list of 21579 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Li Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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valuation of wetland ecosystem services in national Nature Reserves in china s coastal zones
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Xiyong Hou, Yu Liu, Yubin Liu, Yangming Zhou, Shaoxia Xia, Houlang Duan, Yuyu Wang, Yuehan Dou, Meng Yang, Li ZhangAbstract:Wetlands provide ecosystem services for regional development, and, thus, have considerable economic value. In this study, a combination of evaluation methods was carried out to evaluate the wetland ecosystem services provided by national Nature Reserves in 11 coastal provinces/municipalities in China. We constructed a literature database containing 808 observations (over 170 papers) on field-scale research for wetlands in China’s coastal zones. Using this literature database, as well as land use (LU) data, net primary productivity (NPP), and statistical data, and digital elevation model (DEM) data, we established a valuation framework and database for nine important ecosystem services of the 13 wetland types in the study area. After the large-scale academic literature review, the ordinary kriging offered by Geostatistical Analyst tools was used to interpolate the physical dimensions of the unmeasured locations. The results showed that: 1) the wetland ecosystem services in 35 national Nature Reserves have a total value of 33.168 billion USD/year; 2) the values of wetland ecosystem services revealed considerable spatial variability along China’s coastal zones; and 3) assessments provide additional insights into the trade-offs between different ecosystem services and wetland types. The valuation framework and database established in this study can contribute to the mapping of wetland ecosystem services in coastal zones.
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What are the benefits of strictly protected Nature Reserves? Rapid assessment of ecosystem service values in Wanglang Nature Reserve, China
Ecosystem Services, 2017Co-Authors: Peng Liu, Shiwei Jiang, Lianjun Zhao, Pingping Zhang, Li ZhangAbstract:Abstract Despite broad recognition that Nature Reserves protect local biodiversity and rare species effectively, the wider benefits and costs provided by this conservation approach relative to alternative approaches are not well understood. This study addressed this research gap by quantifying differences in ecosystem services provision of two alternative conservation management approaches in a strictly protected Nature reserve in China based on (1) existing strict regulations versus (2) extrapolation of those in an adjacent Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) allowing the use of natural resources by local communities. Using a new Toolkit for Ecosystem Services Site-based Assessment (TESSA), we demonstrated the Nature reserve provides more valuable ecosystem services than it would have done if managed like the adjacent NFPP. In comparison, the Nature reserve provides greater benefits in terms of carbon stock, carbon sequestration, and recreation, at the national and global scale. The monetary benefits of the Nature reserve could cover all conservation management costs, making it a more worthwhile approach for conservation and beneficiaries. Thus, our study highlights the importance of strictly protected Nature Reserves in China, demonstrating the importance of balancing conservation and development to governmental managers and local residents, and could be used to guide eco-compensation for local beneficiaries.
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new challenges facing traditional Nature Reserves asian elephant elephas maximus conservation in china
Integrative Zoology, 2006Co-Authors: Li Zhang, Limin FengAbstract:Traditional conservation strategies can effectively preserve biodiversity within Nature Reserves, but may fail to mitigate the conflicts between rural development and wildlife conservation. This paper discusses the magnitude of the conflict and its development over time, focusing on elephant conservation and land resource management within and around Nature Reserves. We suggest that regulations alone can satisfy neither the demands to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services nor the demands to achieve human welfare. More innovative tools such as informed land-use planning and integrated conservation development projects are called for to reduce the agricultural interface with elephant range, and therefore to alleviate the damage caused by the conflict.
Clara Therville - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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navigating protected areas as social ecological systems integration pathways of french Nature Reserves
Regional Environmental Change, 2018Co-Authors: Clara Therville, Raphael Mathevet, Frederic Bioret, Martine AntonaAbstract:On a global scale, protected areas (PAs) are one of the main tools used for biodiversity conservation. However, accelerated biodiversity loss and lack of social acceptance of PAs call into question their ability to reach long-term biodiversity conservation objectives. To address this, conservation scientists and practitioners have moved from segregative to integrative models of PAs. When the segregative model sees PAs as human exclusion zones, the integrative model considers conservation and development projects and multiple partnerships with local stakeholders within and outside PAs. Given this paradigmatic evolution, a PA and its surrounding landscape are increasingly regarded as a single social-ecological system (SES). This development brings new challenges for conservationists: How should these complex and dynamic systems be managed, and how can their pathways be described and piloted? Using French Nature Reserves (NRs) as case studies, we propose a framework for analyzing the integration pathways of PAs within their social-ecological context. We identified the pathways of 10 NRs according to their degree of integration in the surrounding landscape (spatial), their management objectives (sectoral), and their governance systems (institutional). We analyzed these pathways using three metaphors associated with resilience thinking (adaptive cycle, adaptation, and transformation). We discussed how these 10 NRs have changed over time, revealing how practitioners anticipate future pathways and avoid undesirable states. Through an exploration of the totality of an SES’s spatial, sectoral, and institutional pathways, the framework we propose is a potential tool for identifying opportunities and constraints for long-term conservation actions.
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beyond segregative or integrative models for protected areas a case study of french Nature Reserves
Environmental Conservation, 2016Co-Authors: Clara Therville, Livio Casellacolombeau, Raphael Mathevet, Frederic BioretAbstract:Initially conceived as human-exclusion zones (the segregative model), protected areas are more and more often established within a management framework that integrates conservation and development projects with multiple partnerships and encourages engagement with local stakeholders (the integrative model). In this study, we investigated the conservation attitudes and practices of management staff in the network of Nature Reserves (NRs) in France. We found that conservation practices, such as law enforcement, habitat management, environmental education and partnerships, and the socio–cultural and psychological profiles of their managers show a wide distribution along a segregative to integrative gradient. Our results indicate that while the policy of these protected areas is still structured by a segregative cliche, in practice, many managers implement a more integrated approach. This coexistence of the two approaches reflects a general pattern of evolution of Nature protection thought and the institutionalization of NRs, as well as demonstrating the adaptation of NRs to their local contexts and how they function, within the surrounding landscape, as a single but complex social–ecological system.
Jian Gong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human footprint in tibet assessing the spatial layout and effectiveness of Nature Reserves
Science of The Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Jian GongAbstract:Humanity is causing dramatic changes to the Earth, and we may be entering a human-dominated era referred to as the Anthropocene. Mapping the human footprint and assessing the spatial layout and effectiveness of protected areas facilitate sustainable development. As the core region of the third pole, Tibet is an important area for biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. In this study, five categories of human pressure were summed cumulatively to map the human footprint in Tibet for 1990 and 2010, and the spatial relationship between the human footprint and national and provincial Nature Reserves (NRs) in Tibet was analyzed. In addition, the human footprint map was also used to evaluate the effectiveness of national and provincial NRs for reducing the impact of human activities. A comprehensive assessment was undertaken for the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon (YZGC) NR. There were several key findings from this study. First, the human footprint scores (HFS) in Tibet for 1990 and 2010 were low, and increased by 32.35% during 1990-2010, which was greater than the global value of 9% for 1993-2009, indicating that Tibet is seriously threatened by human pressure. Grazing intensity and road disturbance intensity contributed significantly to the increase in the HFS. Second, the average HFS for 1990 in NRs was lower than that for the entire Tibet, but the spatial layout and extent of some Reserves (e.g., the Qomolangma NR) needs to be optimized further. Third, the establishment of NRs in Tibet was effective in reducing human activities. No leakage phenomena were identified in the regions surrounding the YZGC reserve. However, the management of NRs in Tibet is still challenging in terms of reducing human activities.
Petr Pysek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alien plants in urban Nature Reserves from red list species to future invaders
NeoBiota, 2011Co-Authors: Vojtěch Jarosik, Petr Pysek, Tomas KadlecAbstract:Urban Reserves, like other protected areas, aim to preserve species richness but conservation efforts in these protected areas are complicated by high proportions of alien species. We examined which environmental factors determine alien species presence in 48 city Reserves of Prague, Czech Republic. We distinguished between archaeophytes, i.e. alien species introduced since the beginning of Neolithic agriculture up to 1500 A. D., and neophytes, i.e. modern invaders introduced after that date, with the former group separately analysed for endangered archaeophytes (listed as C1 and C2 categories on national red list). Archaeophytes responded positively to the presence of arable land that was in place at the time of the reserve establishment, and to a low altitudinal range. In addition to soil properties, neophytes responded to recent human activities with the current proportion of built-up area in Reserves serving as a proxy. Endangered archaeophytes, with the same affinity for past arable land as other archaeophytes, were also supported by the presence of current shrubland in the reserve. This suggests that for endangered archaeophytes it may have been difficult to adapt to changing agricultural practices, and shrublands might act as a refugium for them. Forty-six of the 155 neophytes recorded in the Reserves are classified as invasive. The Reserves thus harbour 67% of the 69 invasive neophytes recorded in the country, and particularly worrisome is that many of the most invasive species are shrubs and trees, a life form that is known to account for widespread invasions with high impacts. Our results thus strongly suggest that in Prague Nature Reserves there is a high potential for future invasions.
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inclusion of native and alien species in temperate Nature Reserves an historical study from central europe
Conservation Biology, 2003Co-Authors: Petr Pysek, Vojtěch Jarosik, Tomas KuceraAbstract:: We studied the establishment and inclusion of native and alien plant species in Nature Reserves in the Czech Republic. Our aim was to answer the following questions: Do young and old Nature Reserves contain the same proportion of invasive plant species? Does the time of their introduction affect their representation in these Reserves? We obtained recent lists of vascular plant species for 302 Reserves established since 1838 and designated the species as native or alien. We divided the latter category into archaeophytes and neophytes, introduced before and after 1500, respectively. The increase in the number of Reserves and species was evaluated by inclusion curves. For inclusion curves describing an increase in the number of Reserves, the estimated time of 50% inclusion indicated when half the Reserves of a particular type were established. For inclusion curves describing an increase in the number of species, the estimated time of 50% inclusion indicated when half the species of a particular category ( native species, all aliens, archaeophytes, neophytes ), reported from the country, were included in the Nature Reserves. The forest and dry-grassland Reserves were established earlier than those in wetlands and peat bogs, whereas humid-grassland Reserves tended to be the most recently established. Half the native species were included significantly earlier ( after 25 years ) than half of alien species ( 86 years ), and half the neophytes were included later ( 143 years ) than half the archaeophytes ( 31 years ). Early Reserves harbor a significantly lower number of alien species than those established later. These Reserves include a higher proportion of the Czech Republic's native species and archaeophytes than of its neophytes. There was no difference in the relative rates of inclusion of native species, archaeophytes, and neophytes. However, the fact that the same inclusion rate applies to neophytes, a group with an increasing species pool, as to archaeophytes and native species, which both have constant species pools, suggests that natural vegetation in Nature Reserves is an effective barrier against the establishment of alien species. On a historical time scale, the early establishment of Nature Reserves in a given country decreases the probability that the reserve will be invaded by alien plants. Resumen: Estudiamos el establecimiento e inclusion de especies de plantas nativas y exoticas en reservas naturales en la Republica Checa. Nuestra meta era contestar las siguientes preguntas: ?Contienen la misma proporcion de especies de plantas invasoras las reservas recientes y antiguas? ?El tiempo que llevan introducidas afecta su representacion en estas reservas? Obtuvimos listas recientes de las especies de plantas vasculares para 302 reservas establecidas desde 1838 y designamos a las especies como nativas o introducidas. Dividimos a esta ultima categoria en arquefitas y neofitas (introducidas antes y despues de 1500, respectivamente). Se evaluo el incremento en el numero de reservas y especies mediante curvas de inclusion. Para curvas de inclusion que describian un incremento en el numero de especies, el tiempo estimado de 50% de inclusion indicaba cuando se incluyeron la mitad de las especies registradas para el pais, de una categoria particular ( especies nativas, todas las exoticas, arquefitas y neofitas ) en reservas naturales. Las reservas forestales y de pastizales secos se establecieron antes de que se establecieran las de humedales y turberas, mientras que las reservas de pastizales humedos tendieron a ser las establecidas mas recientemente. La mitad de las especies nativas se incluyeron significativamente antes ( despues de 25 anos ) que la mitad de las especies exoticas ( 86 anos ), y la mitad de las neofitas fueron incluidas despues ( 143 anos ) que los arquetipos ( 31 anos ). Las reservas mas antiguas contienen un numero significativamente menor de especies exoticas que las establecidas mas recientemente. Estas reservas incluyen una mayor proporcion de especies nativas y de arquetipos que de neofitas de la Republica Checa. No hubo diferencia en las tasas relativas de inclusion de especies nativas, arquefitas y neofitas. Sin embargo, el hecho de que la misma tasa de inclusion vale tanto para neofitas, un grupo cuyo numero de especies aumenta, como para arquefitas y especies nativas, con numeros de especies constantes, sugiere que la vegetacion natural en las reservas constituye una barrera efectiva contra el establecimiento de especies exoticas. En una escala de tiempo historico, el establecimiento temprano de reservas naturales en un pais determinado disminuye la probabilidad de que la reserva sea invadida por especies exoticas.
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plant species richness of Nature Reserves the interplay of area climate and habitat in a central european landscape
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2002Co-Authors: Petr Pysek, Tomas Kucera, Vojtěch JarosikAbstract:Aim To detect regional patterns of plant species richness in temperate Nature Reserves and determine the unbiased effects of environmental variables by mutual correlation with operating factors.
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patterns of invasion in temperate Nature Reserves
Biological Conservation, 2002Co-Authors: Petr Pysek, V Jarosik, Tomas KuceraAbstract:The extent of plant invasions was studied in 302 Nature Reserves located in the Czech Republic, central Europe. Lists of vascular plant species were obtained for each reserve, alien species were divided into archaeophytes and neophytes (introduced before and after 1500, respectively). The statistical analysis using general linear models made it possible to identify the effects of particular variables. Flora representation by neophytes decreased with altitude (explained 23.8% of variance) while, with archaeophytes, the effect of altitude depended on their interaction with native species in particular vegetation types. The proportion of neophytes increased with increasing density of human population. Both the number and proportion of aliens plants significantly increased with increasing number of native species in a reserve. This relationship was affected by altitude, and after filtering out this variable, the effect remained positive for neophytes but became negative for archaeophytes in humid grasslands. The positive relationship between neophytes and native species is not a mere side effect of species–area relationship of native flora, but indicates that the two groups do not directly compete. Vegetation type alone explained 14.2 and 55.5% of variation in proportion of aliens in regions of mesophilous and mountain flora, respectively. Humid grasslands were the least invaded vegetation type. Positioning the reserve within large protected sections of landscape significantly decreases probability of it being invaded by potentially invasive alien species. Within the context of SLOSS debate, a new model — several small inside single large (SSISL) — is suggested as an appropriate solution from the viewpoint of plant invasions to Nature Reserves. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Wenjun Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental management indicators for ecotourism in china s Nature Reserves a case study in tianmushan Nature reserve
Tourism Management, 2004Co-Authors: Wenjun LiAbstract:Abstract Ecotourism has been one of the main economic sources for many of China's Nature Reserves over the past 10 years. It is contended here that sustainable ecotourism development depends on successful environmental management. For ecotourism management, a set of warning indicators is especially important to indicate environmental change at tourism sites. In this research, management indicators for ecotourism in Nature Reserves were established based on the Pressure-State-Response model, and the procedure on how to establish indicators was illustrated in the case study area of Tianmushan Nature Reserve.
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environmental management indicators for ecotourism in china s Nature Reserves a case study in tianmushan Nature reserve
Tourism Management, 2004Co-Authors: Wenjun LiAbstract:Abstract Ecotourism has been one of the main economic sources for many of China's Nature Reserves over the past 10 years. It is contended here that sustainable ecotourism development depends on successful environmental management. For ecotourism management, a set of warning indicators is especially important to indicate environmental change at tourism sites. In this research, management indicators for ecotourism in Nature Reserves were established based on the Pressure-State-Response model, and the procedure on how to establish indicators was illustrated in the case study area of Tianmushan Nature Reserve.
