The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lael Parrott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Underwater acoustic impacts of shipping management measures: Results from a social-ecological model of boat and whale movements in the St. Lawrence River Estuary (Canada)
Ecological Modelling, 2017Co-Authors: Clément Chion, Dominic Lagrois, Jérôme Dupras, Steve Turgeon, Nelly Ménard, Ian H. Mcquinn, Robert Michaud, Lael ParrottAbstract:The recovery of whale species at risk requires the implementation of protection measures designed to mitigate the risks posed by various stressors. In the St. Lawrence Estuary (Canada), several whale species are threatened by navigation activities in various ways. Since 2013, seasonal voluntary ship strike mitigation measures, including a speed reduction area (SRA) and a no-go area, were implemented annually and largely adopted by the maritime industry to reduce the risks of lethal collisions with four species of baleen whales. While the endangered St. Lawrence beluga population is unlikely to be subject to collisions with large merchant ships, it is known to be negatively affected by vessel-generated underwater noise. To assess how these protection measures modify the beluga's soundscape throughout their critical habitat, we implemented an underwater acoustic module within an existing agent-based model (3MTSim) of ship-whale movements and interactions in the St. Lawrence Estuary. We ran multiple simulations for two scenarios 1) without and 2) with the protection measures to compare the level of noise received by belugas before and after 2013. Overall, the simulations showed a statistically-significant 1.6% decrease in the total amount of noise received by belugas in their critical habitat following the implementation of the protection measures. Although slowing down ships reduces instantaneous radiated noise, it also increases the total amount of acoustic energy released in the Environment by extending the time spent in the SRA. Accordingly, our simulations showed a 2.4% increase in the cumulative noise from shipping received by beluga in the SRA. Conversely, belugas located in the Upper Estuary, mostly females and calves, i.e., the most valuable individuals experienced a 5.4% reduction in the cumulative received level of shipping noise. Although refinements are required to improve the modelling of noise sources and propagation for finer scale projections in this complex Nearshore Environment, this agent-based modelling paradigm of 3MTSim proved informative for underwater acoustic impact assessments.
Susan H Brawley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling of reproduction in the intertidal macrophyte fucus vesiculosus and implications for spatial subsidies in the Nearshore Environment
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2011Co-Authors: J F Muhlin, Melinda A Coleman, T A V Rees, Susan H BrawleyAbstract:Environmental sensitivities that represent reproductive adaptations are well enough known in some species of marine broadcast spawners, including fucoid algae, to consider wider ecological implications of gamete release. Here, we test and refine a preliminary model for gamete release in the intertidal foundation species Fucus vesiculosus L., one of the most abundant broadcast spawners of the North Atlantic rocky shore. Local Environmental conditions and levels of gamete release were determined during 2 reproductive seasons at 4 sites on the Schoodic Peninsula (Maine, USA). These studies supported the hypothesis that asynchrony in the incidence and magnitude of natural gamete release occur when Environmental conditions (i.e. light, water motion) across projections of the coastline are uneven. Gamete release occurs on sunny days when winds speeds are <6.6 m s �1 . Using these data, we modeled historical meteorological data for part of the Gulf of Maine (GOM) to hindcast gamete release in F. vesiculosus. The regional model predicted that gamete release increased at many GOM sites over 22 yr (1985�2006). Com- bining local fucoid density, zone width, and linear coastline data with C and N analysis of eggs, we found that fucoid egg release is an uncharacterized subsidy available to many trophic levels, which is pulsed into the Nearshore GOM. Our results provide important insights into the conse- quences of ocean-climate variability on biological processes.
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Modeling of reproduction in the intertidal macrophyte Fucus vesiculosus and implications for spatial subsidies in the Nearshore Environment
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2011Co-Authors: J F Muhlin, Melinda A Coleman, T A V Rees, Susan H BrawleyAbstract:Environmental sensitivities that represent reproductive adaptations are well enough known in some species of marine broadcast spawners, including fucoid algae, to consider wider ecological implications of gamete release. Here, we test and refine a preliminary model for gamete release in the intertidal foundation species Fucus vesiculosus L., one of the most abundant broadcast spawners of the North Atlantic rocky shore. Local Environmental conditions and levels of gamete release were determined during 2 reproductive seasons at 4 sites on the Schoodic Peninsula (Maine, USA). These studies supported the hypothesis that asynchrony in the incidence and magnitude of natural gamete release occur when Environmental conditions (i.e. light, water motion) across projections of the coastline are uneven. Gamete release occurs on sunny days when winds speeds are
Jack A. Puleo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Smart Surrogate Munitions for Nearshore Unexploded Ordnance Mobility/Burial Studies
IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Brittany Bruder, Demetra Cristaudo, Jack A. PuleoAbstract:Unexploded ordnance (UXO, also referred to as munitions) are located in Nearshore and other underwater Environments as a result of military activities. UXO have been found in the surf zone and on populated beaches. This paper describes the development and evaluation of instrumented UXO surrogates for observing munitions migration and burial. Surrogates were designed and fabricated to match mass properties for a variety of common munitions (81-mm Mortar, BLU-61 Cluster Bomb, M151-70 Hydra Rocket, M107 155-mm). Surrogates housed suites of self-logging sensors. Sensor suites that could record up to 7–12 h included various combinations of inertial motion units (IMUs), pressure transducers, shock recorders, and photocells. Instrumented surrogates were then exposed to prototype scale wave conditions over a mobile bed at the Littoral Warfare Environment at the Aberdeen Test Center, Aberdeen, MD, USA. Surrogates were deployed in the swash and breaker zones. IMUs and shock recorders provided congruent acceleration measurements of swash impact. IMUs accurately resolved heading and orientation during periods of low-frequency motion. Photocells resolved surrogate roll consistent with IMU as well as surrogate burial. However, in the breaker zone, the large presence of suspended sediment and surface foam make photocell data more difficult to interpret. Surrogate mobility and forcing conditions measurements can provide data to improve modeling of munitions burial and migration in the Nearshore Environment.
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Intrumented surrogate munitions for Nearshore unexploded ordnance mobility studies — Design and measurement capabilities
OCEANS 2017 - Anchorage, 2017Co-Authors: Demetra Cristaudo, Brittany Bruder, Jack A. PuleoAbstract:The presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO), also referred to as munitions, in the Nearshore Environment constitutes a risk for the public. Studies of munitions mobility carried out on the foreshore (swash zone) are scarce requiring further analysis. Investigation of munitions mobility/burial through field experiments requires the use of realistic surrogates. This paper focuses on the development of smart surrogate munitions for mobility studies in the swash zone. The caliber of the munitions replicated ranges from 0.099 m to 0.155 m. Surrogates are made smart by housing sensors that measure different components of motion. Internal sensors consist of inertial motion units (for acceleration, angular velocity and orientation), pressure transducers (for water depth above surrogate), shock recorders (for high frequency acceleration) and an in-house designed array of optical sensors (for burial/exposure and rolling). Large scale laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the surrogate design and their mobility under different hydrodynamic forcing conditions.
Karina Schindler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organische und kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten aus den Böhlen-Schichten (Rupelium/Oligozän) der Leipziger Bucht (NW-Sachsen/Deutschland)
Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 1996Co-Authors: Karina SchindlerAbstract:Rupelian organic-walled and calcareous dinoflagellate cysts from two profiles (brown coal open cast minings Cospuden and Zwenkau) in the Bohlen-Schichten of the Leipzig Bay (E-Germany) are discussed. The sediments of these profiles were deposited in literal to sublitoral areas. The dinoflagellate cysts of Cospuden characterize a Nearshore Environment, while the associations of Zwenkau are more typical for offshore conditions.
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Organische und kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten aus den Böhlen-Schichten (Rupelium/Oligozän) der Leipziger Bucht (NW-Sachsen/Deutschland)
Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 1996Co-Authors: Karina SchindlerAbstract:Anhand zweier Profile aus den rupelischen Böhlen-Schichten (Braunkohletagebaue Cospuden und Zwenkau) der Leipziger Bucht (NW-Sachsen) werden Vergesellschaftungen organischer und kalkiger Dinoflagellaten-Zysten vorgestellt. Beide Profile enthalten überwiegend marine Sedimente, die in litoralen bis sublitoralen Bereichen zur Ablagerung kamen. Während die Dinoflagellaten-Zysten von Cospuden kennzeichnend sind für ein küstennahes Milieu, weisen diejenigen von Zwenkau auf eine größere Entfernung von der Küste hin. Rupelian organic-walled and calcareous dinoflagellate cysts from two profiles (brown coal open cast minings Cospuden and Zwenkau) in the Böhlen-Schichten of the Leipzig Bay (E-Germany) are discussed. The sediments of these profiles were deposited in literal to sublitoral areas. The dinoflagellate cysts of Cospuden characterize a Nearshore Environment, while the associations of Zwenkau are more typical for offshore conditions.
J Baptista A Neto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments in a Nearshore Environment jurujuba sound southeast brazil
Environmental Pollution, 2000Co-Authors: J Baptista A Neto, Bernard Smith, John McallisterAbstract:Sixty-four surface sediment samples and seven cored samples were collected from the partially closed bay of Jurujuba Sound, an inlet of Guanabara Bay in Southeast Brazil. Analysis of metals, including Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr, shows levels consistent with those typically found in urbanised and industrialised estuarine Environments. Metal enrichment is concentrated around the inshore margin of the Sound and is significantly in excess of background, geological concentrations observed in basal muds from the seven cores. In the absence of industrialisation within the steep, but limited catchment that feeds into the Sound, the metal enrichment, particularly of Pb, Zn and Cu, is ascribed to the uncontrolled discharge of untreated sewage waste and urban surface runoff. This has increased markedly since the beginning of rapid urbanisation following the linking of the area by bridge to Rio de Janeiro in 1974.
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sedimentological evidence of human impact on a Nearshore Environment jurujuba sound rio de janeiro state brazil
Applied Geography, 1999Co-Authors: J Baptista A Neto, Bernard Smith, John McallisterAbstract:Abstract The sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of Nearshore deposits are examined using cores collected from a semi-enclosed marine embayment. Recent urbanization within the contributing catchment has stimulated the rapid accumulation of heterogeneous sediment rich in the kaolinite/illite clays that are characteristic of regional topsoils. Sediments also contain a high concentration of lead derived from street dust and elevated levels of copper and zinc associated with the uncontrolled discharge of untreated sewage wastes from disposal sources around the bay. Radiocarbon dating of shell fragments at depth in the cores places an earlier phase of accelerated but uncontaminated deposition in the 17th century, possibly as a result of early land clearance by European colonists.
