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Page L. Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stereotype confirmation concern and fear of Negative Evaluation among African Americans and Caucasians with social anxiety disorder.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Suzanne B. Johnson, Page L. AndersonAbstract:Abstract Fear of Negative Evaluation is a central component of social anxiety. The current study examines the relation between fear of Negative Evaluation and fears of confirming stereotypes about social groups to which one belongs among people diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Participants (N = 94) with a primary diagnosis of social anxiety disorder who self-identified as either African American (n = 41) or Caucasian (n = 53) completed standardized self-report measures of stereotype confirmation concerns and fear of Negative Evaluation. Results from hierarchical logistical regression showed that stereotype confirmation concerns predicted fear of Negative Evaluation for both racial groups, with greater concern predicting greater fear. This association was moderated by race, B = −.24, t = −2.67, p
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The Relation Between Mindfulness and Fear of Negative Evaluation Over the Course of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Mark Burton, Stefan K. Schmertz, Akihiko Masuda, Matthew Price, Page L. AndersonAbstract:OBJECTIVES This study examined the relation between mindfulness and fear of Negative Evaluation over the course of nonmindfulness based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). We expected that higher levels of mindfulness would be associated with a more positive response to treatment. METHOD This study is a secondary report from a randomized controlled trial in which participants (N = 65) diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of 1 of 2 manualized treatments (exposure group therapy, n = 33; or virtual reality exposure therapy, n = 32) either immediately or following an 8 week waiting period. RESULTS Fear of Negative Evaluation decreased following treatment and was Negatively related to mindfulness throughout treatment and follow-up. Mindfulness did not moderate treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that while mindfulness is related to fear, it is not a moderator of symptom reduction in nonmindfulness-based treatment. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.
Thomas L. Rodebaugh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Negative social evaluative fears produce social anxiety food intake and body dissatisfaction evidence of similar mechanisms through different pathways
Clinical psychological science, 2015Co-Authors: Cheri A Levinson, Thomas L. RodebaughAbstract:Social anxiety and eating disorders are highly comorbid, which suggests there are shared vulnerabilities that underlie the development of these disorders. Two proposed vulnerabilities are fear of Negative Evaluation and social appearance anxiety (i.e., fear of Negative Evaluation regarding one’s appearance). In the current experimental study (N = 160 women), we measured these fears (a) through a manipulation comparing fear conditions, (b) with trait fears, and (c) with state fears. Results indicated that participants assigned to the fear of Negative Evaluation condition increased food consumption, whereas those assigned to the social appearance anxiety condition and high in trait social appearance anxiety experienced the highest amounts of body dissatisfaction. Participants in the fear of Negative Evaluation and social appearance anxiety conditions experienced elevated social anxiety. These results support the idea that Negative-Evaluation fears are shared vulnerabilities for eating and social anxiety dis...
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The longitudinal relationship between fear of positive Evaluation and fear of Negative Evaluation
Anxiety Stress and Coping, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Justin W. Weeks, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Julia K. Langer, Richard G. HeimbergAbstract:Abstract Available research suggests that fear of Negative Evaluation and fear of positive Evaluation are related but distinct constructs that each contribute to social anxiety, implying a need to focus on these fears in treatment. Yet, this research is almost entirely based on cross-sectional data. We examined the longitudinal relationship between fears of positive and Negative Evaluation over three time points in a sample of undergraduate students. We tested competing models consistent with two basic positions regarding these fears: (1) that fear of positive Evaluation only appears to affect social anxiety because it arises from the same, single underlying trait as fear of Negative Evaluation, and (2) fears of positive and Negative Evaluation are correlated, but clearly distinct, constructs. The best-fitting model was an autoregressive latent-trajectory model in which each type of fear had a separate trait-like component. The correlation between these trait-like components appeared to fully account for ...
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Negative Evaluation is the Feared Consequence of Making Others Uncomfortable: A Response to Rector, Kocovski, and Ryder
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Leanne Magee, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Richard G. HeimbergAbstract:Abstract Rector, Kocovski, and Ryder (2006, this issue) suggest that fear of causing discomfort to others is a unique form of social anxiety and that focusing on this concern may be clinically helpful. We argue that the fear of causing discomfort to others is dependent upon fear of Negative Evaluation, and provide evidence from the domains of evolutionary psychology, personality psychology, self–regulation theory, and our own clinical experience that support this argument. Given that fear of causing discomfort to others is dependent upon fear of Negative Evaluation, it is well addressed by current empirically supported cognitive behavioral interventions. Thus, although fear of causing discomfort to others may ultimately prove to be a useful construct, further evidence is required to demonstrate that it provides unique insights regarding social anxiety or social anxiety disorder.
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more information from fewer questions the factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale
Psychological Assessment, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Richard G. Heimberg, Carol M Woods, David Thissen, Dianne L Chambless, Ronald M RapeeAbstract:: Statistical methods designed for categorical data were used to perform confirmatory factor analyses and item response theory (IRT) analyses of the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE; D. Watson & R. Friend, 1969) and the Brief FNE (BFNE; M. R. Leary, 1983). Results suggested that a 2-factor model fit the data better for both the FNE and the BFNE, although the evidence was less strong for the FNE. The IRT analyses indicated that although both measures had items with good discrimination, the FNE items discriminated only at lower levels of the underlying construct, whereas the BFNE items discriminated across a wider range. Convergent validity analyses indicated that the straightforwardly-worded items on each scale had significantly stronger relationships with theoretically related measures than did the reverse-worded items. On the basis of all analyses, usage of the straightforwardly-worded BFNE factor is recommended for the assessment of fear of Negative Evaluation.
Nicholas R Carleton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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addressing revisions to the brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale measuring fear of Negative Evaluation across anxiety and mood disorders
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Nicholas R Carleton, Kelsey C Collimore, Randi E Mccabe, Martin M AntonyAbstract:Abstract The fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) represents a fundamental component of social anxiety and social anxiety disorder (SAD) within modern cognitive-behavioral models ( Clark and Wells, 1995 , Rapee and Heimberg, 1997 ). As such, access to comprehensive psychometrics for measures of FNE is an important component of thorough clinical and research efforts. Among the most popular measures of FNE have been variations of the 12-item Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) scale ( Leary, 1983 ). There are currently three versions of the BFNE based on two psychometric studies (i.e., two 8-item variants and a 12-item variant). There is still substantial debate regarding which of the three alternatives should be used by researchers and clinicians. Normative data for each of the three alternatives are not available across samples of individuals with diagnosed anxiety and mood disorders; moreover, there has been no comparative assessment of responses for such samples. The present investigation was to provide more definitive recommendations about the three alternatives, to provide normative clinical data, and to explore differences in FNE endorsement across anxiety and mood disorders. Clinical participants included 381 individuals (60% women; age M = 35.61, SD = 12.49) from an established anxiety treatment and research center. Diagnoses included those with a principal diagnosis of SAD (32%), those with a diagnosis of SAD as an additional disorder (24%), those without a diagnosis of SAD (41%), and those with features of SAD (3%). Results of descriptive analyses, factor analyses, analysis of variance, and receiver operating curves demonstrated that the 12-item variant of the BFNE was inferior or comparable to the two 8-item variants. FNE scores were consistently higher among all participants with a diagnosis of SAD (either principal or additional) relative to all other diagnostic groups (p
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social anxiety and fear of Negative Evaluation construct validity of the bfne ii
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2007Co-Authors: Nicholas R Carleton, Kelsey C Collimore, Gordon J G AsmundsonAbstract:The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale [BFNE; Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371–375] is a self-report measure designed to assess fear of Negative Evaluation, a characteristic feature of social anxiety disorders [Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741–756]. Recent psychometric assessments have suggested that a 2-factor model is most appropriate, with the first factor comprising the straightforwardly worded items and the second factor comprising the reverse-worded items [Carleton, R. N., McCreary, D., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (in press-a). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Revised. Depression & Anxiety; Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Thissen, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Chambless, D. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: the factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Psychological Assessment, 2, 169–181; Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., et al. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17, 179–190]. Some researchers recommend the reverse-worded items be removed from scoring [e.g., Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Thissen, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Chambless, D. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: the factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Psychological Assessment, 2, 169–181; Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., et al. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17, 179–190]; however [Carleton, R. N., McCreary, D., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (in press-a). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Revised. Depression & Anxiety; Collins, K. A., Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2005). The validity of the brief version of the fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 345–359] recommend that these items be reworded to maintain scale sensitivity. The present study examined the reliability and validity of the BFNE-II, a version of the BFNE evaluating revisions of the reverse-worded items in a community sample. A unitary model of the BFNE-II resulted in excellent confirmatory factor analysis fit indices. Moderate convergent and discriminant validity were found when BFNE-II items were correlated with additional independent measures of social anxiety [i.e., Social Interaction Anxiety & Social Phobia Scales; Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470], and fear [i.e., Anxiety Sensitivity Index; Reiss, S., & McNally, R. J. (1985). The expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss, R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behaviour therapy (pp. 107--121). New York: Academic Press. and the Illness/Injury Sensitivity Index; Carleton, R. N., Park, I., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (in press-b). The Illness/Injury Sensitivity Index: an examination of construct validity. Depression & Anxiety). These findings support the utility of the revised items and the validity of the BFNE-II as a measure of the fear of Negative Evaluation. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale revised
Depression and Anxiety, 2006Co-Authors: Nicholas R Carleton, Donald R Mccreary, Peter J Norton, Gordon J G AsmundsonAbstract:Rodebaugh et al. [2004: Psychol Assess 2:169–181] recently performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE; Leary, 1983: Psychol Bull 9:371–375]. Their study resulted in the emergence of a two-factor solution comprising straightforwardly worded items and reverse-worded items. They concluded by recommending use of only the straightforwardly worded items in the BFNE. Our intent in this study was to evaluate this recommendation through replication and extension. Participants included 385 undergraduates from the Universities of Regina and Houston, who provided responses to a questionnaire battery including either the BFNE or a revision utilizing straightforwardly worded versions of the reverse-worded items (BFNE-II). A CFA of the BFNE, using the two-factor model proposed by Rodebaugh et al., supported their conclusion that the reverse-worded items comprise a separate, methodologically based factor. However, CFA of the BFNE-II resulted in an acceptable unitary model that conforms to the theoretical basis for the BFNE, without risking loss of sensitivity from item removal. Additional analyses suggest use of the BFNE-II rather than a shortened form. Depression and Anxiety 23:297–303, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Richard G. Heimberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neural responses to social Evaluation the role of fear of positive and Negative Evaluation
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2019Co-Authors: Samantha L Birk, Justin W. Weeks, Richard G. Heimberg, Arielle Horenstein, Thomas M Olino, Philippe R Goldin, James J GrossAbstract:Abstract One of the core features of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is the persistent fear of being evaluated. Fear of Evaluation includes fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive Evaluation (FPE). Few studies have examined the relationship between self-reported FNE and FPE and neural responses to simulated Negative and positive social Evaluation. In the current study, 56 participants, 35 with SAD and 21 healthy controls, completed questionnaires to assess dimensions of social anxiety including FNE and FPE, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participants also completed a social Evaluation task, which involved viewing people delivering criticism and praise, and a control task, which involved counting asterisks, during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although whole-brain analyses did not reveal significant associations between self-reported constructs and neural responses to social Evaluation, region of interest analyses for the sample as a whole revealed that both FNE and social anxiety symptoms were associated with greater neural responses to both criticism and praise in emotion-processing brain regions, including the amygdala and anterior insula. There were no significant associations between FPE or depressive symptoms and neural responses to criticism or praise for the sample as a whole. Future research should examine the relationship between FNE, FPE, and neural responses to self-referent social Evaluation in an unselected sample to assess a full range of fear of Evaluation.
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The longitudinal relationship between fear of positive Evaluation and fear of Negative Evaluation
Anxiety Stress and Coping, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Justin W. Weeks, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Julia K. Langer, Richard G. HeimbergAbstract:Abstract Available research suggests that fear of Negative Evaluation and fear of positive Evaluation are related but distinct constructs that each contribute to social anxiety, implying a need to focus on these fears in treatment. Yet, this research is almost entirely based on cross-sectional data. We examined the longitudinal relationship between fears of positive and Negative Evaluation over three time points in a sample of undergraduate students. We tested competing models consistent with two basic positions regarding these fears: (1) that fear of positive Evaluation only appears to affect social anxiety because it arises from the same, single underlying trait as fear of Negative Evaluation, and (2) fears of positive and Negative Evaluation are correlated, but clearly distinct, constructs. The best-fitting model was an autoregressive latent-trajectory model in which each type of fear had a separate trait-like component. The correlation between these trait-like components appeared to fully account for ...
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COMPARING AND CONTRASTING FEARS OF POSITIVE AND Negative Evaluation AS FACETS OF SOCIAL ANXIETY
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Justin W. Weeks, Tejal A. Jakatdar, Richard G. HeimbergAbstract:Cognitive-behavioral theorists have proposed that fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) is the core feature of social anxiety (Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997). However, emerging evidence supports the notion that fear of Evaluation in general is important in social anxiety, including fear of positive Evaluation (FPE) as well as Negative Evaluation (e.g., see Weeks, Heimberg, & Rodebaugh, 2008; Weeks, Heimberg, Rodebaugh, & Norton, 2008). The purposes of the present study were to test several new hypotheses related to this expanded conceptualization of social anxiety, as well as to replicate the two-factor structural model consisting of separate factors for fears of positive and Negative Evaluation originally reported by Weeks, Heimberg, and Rodebaugh, et al. (2008). The present findings further support FPE and FNE as distinct latent constructs. FPE and FNE related similarly to social anxiety but demonstrated unique relationships with several social anxiety-related constructs and emerged as distinc...
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Negative Evaluation is the Feared Consequence of Making Others Uncomfortable: A Response to Rector, Kocovski, and Ryder
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Leanne Magee, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Richard G. HeimbergAbstract:Abstract Rector, Kocovski, and Ryder (2006, this issue) suggest that fear of causing discomfort to others is a unique form of social anxiety and that focusing on this concern may be clinically helpful. We argue that the fear of causing discomfort to others is dependent upon fear of Negative Evaluation, and provide evidence from the domains of evolutionary psychology, personality psychology, self–regulation theory, and our own clinical experience that support this argument. Given that fear of causing discomfort to others is dependent upon fear of Negative Evaluation, it is well addressed by current empirically supported cognitive behavioral interventions. Thus, although fear of causing discomfort to others may ultimately prove to be a useful construct, further evidence is required to demonstrate that it provides unique insights regarding social anxiety or social anxiety disorder.
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empirical validation and psychometric Evaluation of the brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale in patients with social anxiety disorder
Psychological Assessment, 2005Co-Authors: Justin W. Weeks, Richard G. Heimberg, David M Fresco, Trevor A Hart, Cynthia L Turk, Franklin R Schneier, Michael R LiebowitzAbstract:The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE; M. R. Leary, 1983a) is often used to assess fear of Negative Evaluation, the core feature of social anxiety disorder. However, few studies have examined its psychometric properties in large samples of socially anxious patients. Although the BFNE yields a single total score, confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 2-factor solution to be more appropriate, with the 1st factor consisting of all straightforwardly worded items (BFNE-S) and the 2nd of all reverse-scored items (BFNE-R). Support was obtained for the convergent and discriminant validity of the BFNE and BFNE-S, but not the BFNE-R. These results suggest that standard scoring of the BFNE may not be optimal for patients with social anxiety disorder.
Gordon J G Asmundson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social anxiety and fear of Negative Evaluation construct validity of the bfne ii
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2007Co-Authors: Nicholas R Carleton, Kelsey C Collimore, Gordon J G AsmundsonAbstract:The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale [BFNE; Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371–375] is a self-report measure designed to assess fear of Negative Evaluation, a characteristic feature of social anxiety disorders [Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741–756]. Recent psychometric assessments have suggested that a 2-factor model is most appropriate, with the first factor comprising the straightforwardly worded items and the second factor comprising the reverse-worded items [Carleton, R. N., McCreary, D., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (in press-a). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Revised. Depression & Anxiety; Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Thissen, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Chambless, D. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: the factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Psychological Assessment, 2, 169–181; Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., et al. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17, 179–190]. Some researchers recommend the reverse-worded items be removed from scoring [e.g., Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Thissen, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Chambless, D. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: the factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Psychological Assessment, 2, 169–181; Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., et al. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17, 179–190]; however [Carleton, R. N., McCreary, D., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (in press-a). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Revised. Depression & Anxiety; Collins, K. A., Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2005). The validity of the brief version of the fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 345–359] recommend that these items be reworded to maintain scale sensitivity. The present study examined the reliability and validity of the BFNE-II, a version of the BFNE evaluating revisions of the reverse-worded items in a community sample. A unitary model of the BFNE-II resulted in excellent confirmatory factor analysis fit indices. Moderate convergent and discriminant validity were found when BFNE-II items were correlated with additional independent measures of social anxiety [i.e., Social Interaction Anxiety & Social Phobia Scales; Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470], and fear [i.e., Anxiety Sensitivity Index; Reiss, S., & McNally, R. J. (1985). The expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss, R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behaviour therapy (pp. 107--121). New York: Academic Press. and the Illness/Injury Sensitivity Index; Carleton, R. N., Park, I., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (in press-b). The Illness/Injury Sensitivity Index: an examination of construct validity. Depression & Anxiety). These findings support the utility of the revised items and the validity of the BFNE-II as a measure of the fear of Negative Evaluation. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale revised
Depression and Anxiety, 2006Co-Authors: Nicholas R Carleton, Donald R Mccreary, Peter J Norton, Gordon J G AsmundsonAbstract:Rodebaugh et al. [2004: Psychol Assess 2:169–181] recently performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE; Leary, 1983: Psychol Bull 9:371–375]. Their study resulted in the emergence of a two-factor solution comprising straightforwardly worded items and reverse-worded items. They concluded by recommending use of only the straightforwardly worded items in the BFNE. Our intent in this study was to evaluate this recommendation through replication and extension. Participants included 385 undergraduates from the Universities of Regina and Houston, who provided responses to a questionnaire battery including either the BFNE or a revision utilizing straightforwardly worded versions of the reverse-worded items (BFNE-II). A CFA of the BFNE, using the two-factor model proposed by Rodebaugh et al., supported their conclusion that the reverse-worded items comprise a separate, methodologically based factor. However, CFA of the BFNE-II resulted in an acceptable unitary model that conforms to the theoretical basis for the BFNE, without risking loss of sensitivity from item removal. Additional analyses suggest use of the BFNE-II rather than a shortened form. Depression and Anxiety 23:297–303, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
