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Jacqueline E Muller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Social Anxiety disorder spectrum.
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Dan J Stein, Yutaka Ono, Osamu Tajima, Jacqueline E MullerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Current diagnostic classifications emphasize the categorical nature of disorders such as Social Anxiety disorder. Nevertheless, phenomenological and psychobiological data have led to the hypothesis that Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders lie on various dimensions. METHOD: A MEDLINE search (1966-2003) for relevant articles on the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum was undertaken using the terms shyness, behavioral inhibition, Social phobia, Social Anxiety disorder, avoidant personality, dimension, and spectrum to aim at objective coverage, but references for this article were chosen more subjectively to illustrate data and themes in description, pathogenesis, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy of the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum. RESULTS: Several different approaches to delineating a Social Anxiety disorder spectrum of conditions have been described. These include (1) a spectrum of Social fear and avoidance, (2) a spectrum of body-focused concerns, (3) a spectrum of Anxiety disorders and affective dysfunction, and (4) a spectrum of Social deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders do appear to lie on a number of different dimensions. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to determine the clinical utility of assessing these different dimensions and to investigate their underlying psychobiology.
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The Social Anxiety disorder spectrum.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Dan J Stein, Yutaka Ono, Osamu Tajima, Jacqueline E MullerAbstract:Current diagnostic classifications emphasize the categorical nature of disorders such as Social Anxiety disorder. Nevertheless, phenomenological and psychobiological data have led to the hypothesis that Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders lie on various dimensions. A MEDLINE search (1966-2003) for relevant articles on the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum was undertaken using the terms shyness, behavioral inhibition, Social phobia, Social Anxiety disorder, avoidant personality, dimension, and spectrum to aim at objective coverage, but references for this article were chosen more subjectively to illustrate data and themes in description, pathogenesis, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy of the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum. Several different approaches to delineating a Social Anxiety disorder spectrum of conditions have been described. These include (1) a spectrum of Social fear and avoidance, (2) a spectrum of body-focused concerns, (3) a spectrum of Anxiety disorders and affective dysfunction, and (4) a spectrum of Social deficits. Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders do appear to lie on a number of different dimensions. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to determine the clinical utility of assessing these different dimensions and to investigate their underlying psychobiology.
Richard G. Heimberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Managing Social Anxiety, Workbook - The Origins of Social Anxiety
Managing Social Anxiety Workbook, 2019Co-Authors: Debra A. Hope, Richard G. Heimberg, Cynthia L. TurkAbstract:The primary purpose of this chapter is to finish presentation of the cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) model with a discussion of the etiology and maintenance of Social Anxiety. Clients vary on how much they want to know about some of the details. However, nearly everyone asks about etiology at some point in treatment. Possible causes of Social Anxiety include a genetic component, family environment, and important experiences. However, most psychologists agree that Social Anxiety disorder, like most other psychological disorders, is not caused by just one thing and results from a combination of factors. This chapter includes the beginning of monitoring progress using the SASCI (Social Anxiety Session Change Index). From this point in therapy forward, at the beginning of each session, clients complete the SASCI.
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Managing Social Anxiety, Workbook
2019Co-Authors: Debra A. Hope, Richard G. Heimberg, Cynthia L. TurkAbstract:Written for clients, this workbook teaches that Social Anxiety is a normal part of life, but it can sometimes have a negative impact. The important question is not whether someone experiences Social Anxiety but to what degree and how often. The term Social Anxiety disorder describes the distress and interference that comes along with severe Social Anxiety. Information is presented on the nature of Social Anxiety, empirically supported cognitive–behavioral techniques used to treat it, how to best implement these techniques, and how to deal with the problems that arise during treatment. The attempt is to offer a complete treatment that is informed by individual case conceptualization within an evidence-based practice framework. This third edition includes case examples that represent diverse clients across race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and gender identity.
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Managing Social Anxiety, Therapist Guide
2019Co-Authors: Debra A. Hope, Richard G. Heimberg, Cynthia L. TurkAbstract:This Therapist Guide presents information on the nature of Social Anxiety, empirically supported cognitive–behavioral techniques used to treat it, how to best implement these techniques, and how to deal with the problems that arise during treatment. The authors strive to offer a complete treatment that is informed by individual case conceptualization within an evidence-based practice framework. Socially anxious individuals commonly view Anxiety as an all-or-nothing experience: Some people have excessive Social Anxiety, and others—healthy people—do not experience Social Anxiety. It is helpful for clients to begin to think of Social Anxiety on a continuum. In this treatment, collaborative empiricism is operationalized as an active therapist and active client working together to overcome Social Anxiety. The therapist brings expertise about Social Anxiety and cognitive–behavioral therapy. The client brings expertise about herself and the motivation to make changes in her life. For this treatment to be successful, the therapist must be comfortable with clients who may become extremely anxious.
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Managing Social Anxiety, Workbook - The Invitation: Are You Ready to Begin the Journey to Overcome Social Anxiety?
Managing Social Anxiety Workbook, 2019Co-Authors: Debra A. Hope, Richard G. Heimberg, Cynthia L. TurkAbstract:The primary purpose of this chapter is to help the client understand his or her diagnosis in the context of normal and excessive Social Anxiety. Social Anxiety is feeling tense, nervous, or frightened in situations that involve other people. The workbook describes a step-by-step therapy approach for overcoming Social Anxiety. The therapist will help the client gain an appreciation that cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective and provide a basic understanding of the nature of CBT, including the investment of effort and energy required for the therapeutic alliance. The therapist will work to enhance motivation for change and build this therapeutic alliance.
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The effect of rumination and reappraisal on Social Anxiety symptoms during cognitive-behavioral therapy for Social Anxiety disorder
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Faith A Brozovich, Ihno Lee, Philippe Goldin, Hooria Jazaieri, Richard G. Heimberg, James J. GrossAbstract:OBJECTIVE: There is growing interest in the role of transdiagnostic processes in the onset, maintenance, and treatment of mental disorders (Nolen-Hoeksema & Watkins, 2011). Two such transdiagnostic processes-rumination and reappraisal-are the focus of the present study. The main objective was to examine the roles of rumination (thought to be harmful) and reappraisal (thought to be helpful) in adults with Social Anxiety disorder (SAD).\n\nMETHOD: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with 75 adults with SAD and examined pre- to post-CBT changes as well as weekly fluctuations in rumination, reappraisal, and Social Anxiety symptoms.\n\nRESULTS: Socially anxious individuals' baseline rumination (brooding) scores predicted weekly levels of Social Anxiety, rumination, and reappraisal, whereas baseline reappraisal scores did not. Greater weekly rumination was associated with greater weekly Social Anxiety, but reappraisal was not related to Social Anxiety.\n\nCONCLUSION: These findings suggest that rumination may have a more significant role than reappraisal in understanding fluctuations in Social Anxiety during CBT for SAD.
Dan J Stein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Social Anxiety disorder spectrum.
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Dan J Stein, Yutaka Ono, Osamu Tajima, Jacqueline E MullerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Current diagnostic classifications emphasize the categorical nature of disorders such as Social Anxiety disorder. Nevertheless, phenomenological and psychobiological data have led to the hypothesis that Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders lie on various dimensions. METHOD: A MEDLINE search (1966-2003) for relevant articles on the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum was undertaken using the terms shyness, behavioral inhibition, Social phobia, Social Anxiety disorder, avoidant personality, dimension, and spectrum to aim at objective coverage, but references for this article were chosen more subjectively to illustrate data and themes in description, pathogenesis, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy of the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum. RESULTS: Several different approaches to delineating a Social Anxiety disorder spectrum of conditions have been described. These include (1) a spectrum of Social fear and avoidance, (2) a spectrum of body-focused concerns, (3) a spectrum of Anxiety disorders and affective dysfunction, and (4) a spectrum of Social deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders do appear to lie on a number of different dimensions. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to determine the clinical utility of assessing these different dimensions and to investigate their underlying psychobiology.
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The Social Anxiety disorder spectrum.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Dan J Stein, Yutaka Ono, Osamu Tajima, Jacqueline E MullerAbstract:Current diagnostic classifications emphasize the categorical nature of disorders such as Social Anxiety disorder. Nevertheless, phenomenological and psychobiological data have led to the hypothesis that Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders lie on various dimensions. A MEDLINE search (1966-2003) for relevant articles on the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum was undertaken using the terms shyness, behavioral inhibition, Social phobia, Social Anxiety disorder, avoidant personality, dimension, and spectrum to aim at objective coverage, but references for this article were chosen more subjectively to illustrate data and themes in description, pathogenesis, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy of the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum. Several different approaches to delineating a Social Anxiety disorder spectrum of conditions have been described. These include (1) a spectrum of Social fear and avoidance, (2) a spectrum of body-focused concerns, (3) a spectrum of Anxiety disorders and affective dysfunction, and (4) a spectrum of Social deficits. Social Anxiety symptoms and disorders do appear to lie on a number of different dimensions. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to determine the clinical utility of assessing these different dimensions and to investigate their underlying psychobiology.
Michael R. Liebowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Screening for Social Anxiety disorder with the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.
Depression and anxiety, 2009Co-Authors: Nina K. Rytwinski, Richard G. Heimberg, Michael R. Liebowitz, David M. Fresco, Meredith E. Coles, Shadha Hami Cissell, Murray B. Stein, Stefan G. HofmannAbstract:Objective: This study examined whether the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR) could accurately identify individuals with Social Anxiety disorder and individuals with the generalized subtype of Social Anxiety disorder. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the optimal cutoffs for the LSAS-SR for identifying patients with Social Anxiety disorder and its generalized subtype. Methods: Two hundred and ninety-one patients with clinician-assessed Social Anxiety disorder (240 with generalized Social Anxiety disorder) and 53 control participants who were free from current Axis-1 disorders completed the LSAS-SR. Results: Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses revealed that the LSAS-SR performed well in identifying participants with Social Anxiety disorder and generalized Social Anxiety disorder. Consistent with Mennin et al.’s [2002: J Anxiety Disord 16:661–673] research on the clinician-administered version of the LSAS, cutoffs of 30 and 60 on the LSAS-SR provided the best balance of sensitivity and specificity for classifying participants with Social Anxiety and generalized Social Anxiety disorder, respectively. Conclusions: The LSAS-SR may be an accurate and cost-effective way to identify and subtype patients with Social Anxiety disorder, which could help increase the percentage of people who receive appropriate treatment for this debilitating disorder. Depression and Anxiety 26:34–38, 2009. & 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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The Social Anxiety spectrum
The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 2002Co-Authors: Franklin R. Schneier, Carlos Blanco, Smita X. Antia, Michael R. LiebowitzAbstract:Social Anxiety disorder is well suited to the spectrum concept because it has trait-like qualities of early onset, chronicity, and no empirically derived threshold that demarcates normal from clinically significant trait Social Anxiety. Social Anxiety disorder has been shown to respond to relatively specific pharmacologic and cognitive-behavioral therapies, which makes identification of other conditions that may lie on the Social Anxiety disorder spectrum important because of possible treatment implications. Biologic markers associated with Social Anxiety disorder also may be shared by similar but nonidentical traits, such as behavioral inhibition and detachment. Clarification of the trait spectrums associated with specific biologic systems offers an opportunity for improving the understanding of the origin of these conditions. Strong evidence exists that at least some forms of shyness, avoidant personality disorder, and selective mutism lie on a Social Anxiety disorder spectrum. For several other disorders that share a prominent focus on Social comparison, significant subgroups of patients seem to have features of Social Anxiety disorder. These disorders include major depression (especially the atypical subtype), body dysmorphic disorder, and eating disorders. Several other disorders marked by Social dysfunction or inhibition, including substance use disorders (especially alcoholism), paranoid disorder, bipolar disorder, autism, and Asperger's disorder, also may show some overlap with Social Anxiety disorder features (e.g., Social Anxiety as a cause or complication of substance abuse, Social avoidance in paranoid disorder, Social disinhibiton in bipolar disorder, and Social communication deficits in autism and Asperger's disorder). Social Anxiety disorder also is associated with other Anxiety disorders in general and other phobias in particular. In respect to traits, a growing body of evidence links behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar to a Social Anxiety disorder spectrum with some specificity. Biologic measures of dopamine system hypoactivity have been linked to Social Anxiety disorder, trait detachment, and general deficits in reward and incentive function. It remains to be clarified, however, whether this brain system function is best characterized by a Social Anxiety disorder spectrum or some variant that incorporates Social reward deficits or Social avoidance behavior. Social Anxiety disorder, shyness, and behavioral inhibition all seem to have a genetic component, but more research is needed to attempt to identify a more specifically heritable temperament associated with these conditions. Finally, the emergent concept of a Social Anxiety spectrum needs maturation. Although the notion of a single Social Anxiety disorder spectrum currently has some clinical use, the authors believe that exclusive focus on the notion of a single continuum with two extremes--from Social disinhibition in mania to the most severe form of Social Anxiety, avoidant personality disorder--is premature and limiting in respect to etiologic research. An alternative approach is to conceptualize multiple, probably overlapping spectra in this area of Social psychopathology. Individual dimensions might be based on various core phenomenologic, cognitive, or biologic characteristics. A bottom-up biologic approach holds promise for identifying spectra with a common etiology that might respond to specific treatments. Taking a pluralistic view of the concept of spectrum at this stage may help accelerate our understanding of Social Anxiety and related disorders.
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attachment in individuals with Social Anxiety disorder the relationship among adult attachment styles Social Anxiety and depression
Emotion, 2001Co-Authors: Richard G. Heimberg, Franklin R. Schneier, Trevor A Hart, Michael R. LiebowitzAbstract:: Despite their apparent implications for Social functioning, adult attachment styles have never been specifically explored among persons with Social Anxiety disorder. In the current study, a cluster analysis of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (N. L. Collins, 1996) revealed that 118 patients with Social Anxiety were best represented by anxious and secure attachment style clusters. Members of the anxious attachment cluster exhibited more severe Social Anxiety and avoidance, greater depression, greater impairment, and lower life satisfaction than members of the secure attachment cluster. This pattern was replicated in a separate sample of 56 patients and compared with the pattern found in 36 control participants. Social Anxiety mediated the association between attachment insecurity and depression. Findings are discussed in the context of their relevance to the etiology, maintenance, and cognitive-behavioral treatment of Social Anxiety disorder.
Elise M. Clerkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Testing the Relationship Between Social Anxiety Schemas, Mindfulness Facets, and State and Trait Social Anxiety Symptoms
Mindfulness, 2017Co-Authors: E. Marie Parsons, Aaron M. Luebbe, Elise M. ClerkinAbstract:The current study evaluated the extent to which facets of trait mindfulness moderate the relationship between Social Anxiety schemas and responses to a Social Anxiety stressor task. We also evaluated whether specific trait mindfulness facets uniquely predicted state stressor responding and trait Social Anxiety symptoms, controlling for Social Anxiety schemas and other mindfulness facets. Participants’ (N = 235; 70.6% female) Social Anxiety schemas were assessed by a measure of early maladaptive schemas. Participants also engaged in a speech task, following which behavioral avoidance (speech time) and self-reported desired avoidance and state Anxiety were assessed. Results were analyzed using structural equation modeling and indicated that mindfulness facets were not a significant moderator of the relation between schemas and behavioral avoidance. However, results suggested that specific mindfulness facets function as unique predictors of responses to a Social Anxiety stressor and trait Anxiety symptoms, above and beyond Social Anxiety schemas and other facets of mindfulness. Interestingly, results indicated that the Describe facet of mindfulness was the most robust predictor of state stressor responding. Given their differential prediction of Social Anxiety symptoms, results highlight the importance of individually evaluating the unique components of mindfulness, as opposed to testing mindfulness as a unified construct.
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Mindfulness Facets, Social Anxiety, and Drinking to Cope with Social Anxiety: Testing Mediators of Drinking Problems
Mindfulness, 2016Co-Authors: Elise M. Clerkin, Laurel D. Sarfan, E. Marie Parsons, Joshua C. MageeAbstract:This cross-sectional study tested Social Anxiety symptoms, trait mindfulness, and drinking to cope with Social Anxiety as potential predictors and/or serial mediators of drinking problems. A community-based sample of individuals with co-occurring Social Anxiety symptoms and alcohol dependence were recruited. Participants (N = 105) completed measures of Social Anxiety, drinking to cope with Social Anxiety, and alcohol use and problems. As well, participants completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, which assesses mindfulness facets of accepting without judgment, acting with awareness, not reacting to one’s internal experiences, observing and attending to experiences, and labeling and describing. As predicted, the relationship between Social Anxiety symptoms and drinking problems was mediated by Social Anxiety coping motives across each of the models. Further, the relationship between specific mindfulness facets (acting with awareness, accepting without judgment, and describe) and drinking problems was serially mediated by Social Anxiety symptoms and drinking to cope with Social Anxiety. This research builds upon existing studies that have largely been conducted with college students to evaluate potential mediators driving drinking problems. Specifically, individuals who are less able to act with awareness, accept without judgment, and describe their internal experiences may experience heightened Social Anxiety and drinking to cope with that Anxiety, which could ultimately result in greater alcohol-related problems.
