The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Cornejo Serrano Alex - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Construcción de la identidad colectiva docente en el Chile de la educación neoliberal (1973-2008)
'Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona', 2020Co-Authors: Cornejo Serrano AlexAbstract:El movimiento sindical docente y el profesorado se vieron enfrentados a importantes transformaciones desde la década de 1970, cuando el país, mediado por una dictadura militar, adopta el modelo neoliberal como estructuración política y económica de la sociedad y se constituye como una organización gremial unitaria. Con esta investigación se prende comprender las tensiones, continuidades y cambios en la evolución histórica del movimiento sindical docente y su proceso de construcción de una identidad colectiva en el período de instalación y desarrollo del Neoliberalismo en el sistema educativo chileno (1973-2008). Parece evidente que esos cambios impactan en la historia organizacional y en la identidad colectiva del profesorado, pero no existen estudios que traten de reconocer como transforma el Neoliberalismo la cultura de esta profesión y sus organizaciones en Chile. Teóricamente esta investigación, situada desde el paradigma socio-crítico, se pregunta por la capacidad de construir y cambiar mediante los discursos significados, representaciones sociales, actitudes y acciones de las organizaciones o movimientos el de los sindicatos docentes, constitutivas de la identidad colectiva del profesorado Para abordar el objeto de investigación se utilizan la metodología de la historia y del análisis de contenido con el objeto de reconstruir el discurso que el profesorado presenta la sociedad a través de sus medios de comunicación. Los hallazgos evidencian que la identidad colectiva docente fue profusa y profundamente modificada por la implantación del Neoliberalismo, modificando las representaciones socialmente compartidas sobre lo que ser un profesor, como se debe ejercer esa labor y cómo impacta en la comunidad donde presta servicios. El movimiento sindical docente a pesar rechaza el modelo neoliberal, termina aceptando las innovaciones a cambio de mejoras remuneracionales.The teachers’ union movement has faced significant transformations since the 1970s, when the country, led by a military dictatorship, adopted the neoliberal model as a political and economic structure of society, and, in consequence, became a unitary union. In this paper, we intend to understand the tensions, continuities and changes in the historical evolution of the teacher union movement and its process of building a collective identity in the period of installation and development of Neoliberalism in the Chilean educational system (1973-2008). It seems clear that these changes affect the organizational history and collective identity of teachers, but there are not many studies that try to recognize how Neoliberalism transforms the culture of this profession and its organizations in Chile. Theoretically, this research, located from the socio-critical paradigm, asks about the ability to build and change through the speeches meaning, social representations, attitudes and actions of the organizations or movements that of the teachers unions, constitutive of the collective identity of the teaching staff To approach the object of research, the methodology of history and content analysis are used in order to reconstruct the discourse that teachers present in society through their means of communication. The findings show that the teachers’ collective identity was profuse and profoundly modified by the implementation of Neoliberalism, modifying the social representation of what being a teacher is, how the profession should be exercised and how it impacts the community where it provides services. The teacher’s trade union movement, despite rejecting the neoliberal model, ends up accepting innovations in exchange for remunerative improvements
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Construcción de la identidad colectiva docente en el Chile de la educación neoliberal (1973-2008) /
2020Co-Authors: Cornejo Serrano Alex, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona. Departament De Pedagogia SistemàticaAbstract:Departament responsable de la tesi: Departament de Pedagogia Sistemàtica i Social.El movimiento sindical docente y el profesorado se vieron enfrentados a importantes transformaciones desde la década de 1970, cuando el país, mediado por una dictadura militar, adopta el modelo neoliberal como estructuración política y económica de la sociedad y se constituye como una organización gremial unitaria. Con esta investigación se prende comprender las tensiones, continuidades y cambios en la evolución histórica del movimiento sindical docente y su proceso de construcción de una identidad colectiva en el período de instalación y desarrollo del Neoliberalismo en el sistema educativo chileno (1973-2008).Parece evidente que esos cambios impactan en la historia organizacional y en la identidad colectiva del profesorado, pero no existen estudios que traten de reconocer como transforma el Neoliberalismo la cultura de esta profesión y sus organizaciones en Chile.Teóricamente esta investigación, situada desde el paradigma socio-crítico, se pregunta por la capacidad de construir y cambiar mediante los discursos significados, representaciones sociales, actitudes y acciones de las organizaciones o movimientos el de los sindicatos docentes, constitutivas de la identidad colectiva del profesoradoPara abordar el objeto de investigación se utilizan la metodología de la historia y del análisis de contenido con el objeto de reconstruir el discurso que el profesorado presenta la sociedad a través de sus medios de comunicación. Los hallazgos evidencian que la identidad colectiva docente fue profusa y profundamente modificada por la implantación del Neoliberalismo, modificando las representaciones socialmente compartidas sobre lo que ser un profesor, como se debe ejercer esa labor y cómo impacta en la comunidad donde presta servicios. El movimiento sindical docente a pesar rechaza el modelo neoliberal, termina aceptando las innovaciones a cambio de mejoras remuneracionales.The teachers' union movement has faced significant transformations since the 1970s, when the country, led by a military dictatorship, adopted the neoliberal model as a political and economic structure of society, and, in consequence, became a unitary union. In this paper, we intend to understand the tensions, continuities and changes in the historical evolution of the teacher union movement and its process of building a collective identity in the period of installation and development of Neoliberalism in the Chilean educational system (1973-2008). It seems clear that these changes affect the organizational history and collective identity of teachers, but there are not many studies that try to recognize how Neoliberalism transforms the culture of this profession and its organizations in Chile. Theoretically, this research, located from the socio-critical paradigm, asks about the ability to build and change through the speeches meaning, social representations, attitudes and actions of the organizations or movements that of the teachers unions, constitutive of the collective identity of the teaching staff To approach the object of research, the methodology of history and content analysis are used in order to reconstruct the discourse that teachers present in society through their means of communication. The findings show that the teachers' collective identity was profuse and profoundly modified by the implementation of Neoliberalism, modifying the social representation of what being a teacher is, how the profession should be exercised and how it impacts the community where it provides services. The teacher's trade union movement, despite rejecting the neoliberal model, ends up accepting innovations in exchange for remunerative improvements
Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona. Departament De Pedagogia Sistemàtica - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Construcción de la identidad colectiva docente en el Chile de la educación neoliberal (1973-2008) /
2020Co-Authors: Cornejo Serrano Alex, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona. Departament De Pedagogia SistemàticaAbstract:Departament responsable de la tesi: Departament de Pedagogia Sistemàtica i Social.El movimiento sindical docente y el profesorado se vieron enfrentados a importantes transformaciones desde la década de 1970, cuando el país, mediado por una dictadura militar, adopta el modelo neoliberal como estructuración política y económica de la sociedad y se constituye como una organización gremial unitaria. Con esta investigación se prende comprender las tensiones, continuidades y cambios en la evolución histórica del movimiento sindical docente y su proceso de construcción de una identidad colectiva en el período de instalación y desarrollo del Neoliberalismo en el sistema educativo chileno (1973-2008).Parece evidente que esos cambios impactan en la historia organizacional y en la identidad colectiva del profesorado, pero no existen estudios que traten de reconocer como transforma el Neoliberalismo la cultura de esta profesión y sus organizaciones en Chile.Teóricamente esta investigación, situada desde el paradigma socio-crítico, se pregunta por la capacidad de construir y cambiar mediante los discursos significados, representaciones sociales, actitudes y acciones de las organizaciones o movimientos el de los sindicatos docentes, constitutivas de la identidad colectiva del profesoradoPara abordar el objeto de investigación se utilizan la metodología de la historia y del análisis de contenido con el objeto de reconstruir el discurso que el profesorado presenta la sociedad a través de sus medios de comunicación. Los hallazgos evidencian que la identidad colectiva docente fue profusa y profundamente modificada por la implantación del Neoliberalismo, modificando las representaciones socialmente compartidas sobre lo que ser un profesor, como se debe ejercer esa labor y cómo impacta en la comunidad donde presta servicios. El movimiento sindical docente a pesar rechaza el modelo neoliberal, termina aceptando las innovaciones a cambio de mejoras remuneracionales.The teachers' union movement has faced significant transformations since the 1970s, when the country, led by a military dictatorship, adopted the neoliberal model as a political and economic structure of society, and, in consequence, became a unitary union. In this paper, we intend to understand the tensions, continuities and changes in the historical evolution of the teacher union movement and its process of building a collective identity in the period of installation and development of Neoliberalism in the Chilean educational system (1973-2008). It seems clear that these changes affect the organizational history and collective identity of teachers, but there are not many studies that try to recognize how Neoliberalism transforms the culture of this profession and its organizations in Chile. Theoretically, this research, located from the socio-critical paradigm, asks about the ability to build and change through the speeches meaning, social representations, attitudes and actions of the organizations or movements that of the teachers unions, constitutive of the collective identity of the teaching staff To approach the object of research, the methodology of history and content analysis are used in order to reconstruct the discourse that teachers present in society through their means of communication. The findings show that the teachers' collective identity was profuse and profoundly modified by the implementation of Neoliberalism, modifying the social representation of what being a teacher is, how the profession should be exercised and how it impacts the community where it provides services. The teacher's trade union movement, despite rejecting the neoliberal model, ends up accepting innovations in exchange for remunerative improvements
Rosaleen Duffy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the international political economy of tourism and the neoliberalisation of nature challenges posed by selling close interactions with animals
Review of International Political Economy, 2013Co-Authors: Rosaleen DuffyAbstract:ABSTRACT This paper examines the inter-relationships between Neoliberalism, tourism and nature. It argues that scholars of international political economy (IPE) need to engage more fully with the role of nature in driving forward the logics of Neoliberalism. Most scholars view nature as a source of accumulation or as an object of governance, but this paper uses the neoliberalisation of nature debate to extend our understandings of Neoliberalism. In particular, global tourism has targeted and opened up new frontiers in nature, which serves to expand and deepen Neoliberalism to a wider range of biophysical phenomena. This paper uses the case of elephant tourism to demonstrate how tourism is not just reflective of Neoliberalism, but is in fact a key driver of it, acting as an environmental fix for capitalism. Further, this paper takes up the challenge of research on ‘actually existing Neoliberalisms’ via engagement with locally specific contexts and emerging forms of socio-nature in the Thai tourism industry...
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the international political economy of tourism and the neoliberalisation of nature challenges posed by selling close interactions with animals
Review of International Political Economy, 2013Co-Authors: Rosaleen DuffyAbstract:This paper examines the inter-relationships between Neoliberalism, tourism and nature. It argues that scholars of international political economy (IPE) need to engage more fully with the role of nature in driving forward the logics of Neoliberalism. Most scholars view nature as a source of accumulation or as an object of governance, but this paper uses the neoliberalisation of nature debate to extend our understandings of Neoliberalism. In particular, global tourism has targeted and opened up new frontiers in nature, which serves to expand and deepen Neoliberalism to a wider range of biophysical phenomena. This paper uses the case of elephant tourism to demonstrate how tourism is not just reflective of Neoliberalism, but is in fact a key driver of it, acting as an environmental fix for capitalism. Further, this paper takes up the challenge of research on 'actually existing Neoliberalisms' via engagement with locally specific contexts and emerging forms of socio-nature in the Thai tourism industry. It reveals how Neoliberalism redraws the boundaries of access to nature, thereby shifting the distribution of costs and benefits. Hence, nature is one of the primary ways in which Neoliberalism is constituted, albeit in a highly differentiated way. This reminds us not to reify Neoliberalism and accord it a greater degree of power and coherence than it really has.
Morcillo Álvarez Daniel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Image in the urban body: the transformation of Madrid towards consumption
'Universidad del Bio Bio', 2017Co-Authors: Morcillo Álvarez DanielAbstract:Neoliberalism has meant a transformation in the conceptualization of social classes and a reconfiguration of the relationships between them. In this sense, it has produced a change in urban centers by intensifying their commercial and tourist uses through public investment in the image of cities. In Madrid, between the years 1998 and 2007 -a period of neoliberal hegemony- investments were made in projects that changed the urban scene by reinforcing the fetishistic character of the space and at the same time reinforcing the values of excellence and social prestige. Based on an analysis of public investment in urban scene projects, this research studied the effects that pedestrianization and semipedestrianization projects have had on the conceptualization of the center of Madrid during the years of greatest neoliberal expansion.El Neoliberalismo ha supuesto una transformación en la conceptualización de las clases sociales y una reconfiguración de las relaciones entre ellas. En tal sentido, ha emprendido un cambio en los centros urbanos, intensificando su uso comercial y turístico a partir de la inversión pública en la imagen de la ciudad. En Madrid, entre los años 1998 y 2007, de hegemonía neoliberal, se ha invertido, precisamente, en proyectos que han cambiado la escena urbana, reforzando el carácter fetichista del espacio y fomentando, con ello, el reforzamiento de los valores de excelencia y prestigio social. A partir del análisis de la inversión pública en proyectos de escena urbana, se procede a estudiar aquí los efectos que las peatonalizaciones y semipeatonalizaciones han tenido en la conceptualización del centro de Madrid, en los años de máxima expansión neoliberal
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La imagen en el cuerpo urbano. La transformación de Madrid hacia el consumo
2017Co-Authors: Morcillo Álvarez DanielAbstract:Neoliberalism has meant a transformation in the conceptualization of social classes and a reconfiguration of the relationships between them. In this sense, it has produced a change in urban centers by intensifying their commercial and tourist uses through public investment in the image of cities. In Madrid, between the years 1998 and 2007 -a period of neoliberal hegemony- investments were made in projects that changed the urban scene by reinforcing the fetishistic character of the space and at the same time reinforcing the values of excellence and social prestige. Based on an analysis of public investment in urban scene projects, this research studied the effects that pedestrianization and semipedestrianization projects have had on the conceptualization of the center of Madrid during the years of greatest neoliberal expansion.El Neoliberalismo ha supuesto una transformación en la conceptualización de las clases sociales y una reconfiguración de las relaciones entre ellas. En tal sentido, ha emprendido un cambio en los centros urbanos, intensificando su uso comercial y turístico a partir de la inversión pública en la imagen de la ciudad. En Madrid, entre los años 1998 y 2007, de hegemonía neoliberal, se ha invertido, precisamente, en proyectos que han cambiado la escena urbana, reforzando el carácter fetichista del espacio y fomentando, con ello, el reforzamiento de los valores de excelencia y prestigio social. A partir del análisis de la inversión pública en proyectos de escena urbana, se procede a estudiar aquí los efectos que las peatonalizaciones y semipeatonalizaciones han tenido en la conceptualización del centro de Madrid, en los años de máxima expansión neoliberal
Madariaga A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neoliberal Resilience: Lessons in Democracy and Development from Latin America and Eastern Europe
'Walter de Gruyter GmbH', 2020Co-Authors: Madariaga A.Abstract:Since the 1980s, Neoliberalism has withstood repeated economic shocks and financial crises to become the hegemonic economic policy worldwide. Why has Neoliberalism remained so resilient? What is the relationship between this resiliency and the backsliding of Western democracy? Can democracy survive an increasingly authoritarian neoliberal capitalism? Neoliberal Resilience answers these questions by bringing the developing world’s recent history to the forefront of our thinking about democratic capitalism’s future. Looking at four decades of change in four countries once considered to be leading examples of effective neoliberal policy in Latin America and Eastern Europe—Argentina, Chile, Estonia, and Poland—Aldo Madariaga examines the domestic actors and institutions responsible for defending Neoliberalism. Delving into Neoliberalism’s political power, Madariaga demonstrates that it is strongest in countries where traditional democratic principles have been slowly and purposefully weakened. He identifies three mechanisms through which coalitions of political, institutional, and financial forces have propagated Neoliberalism’s success: the privatization of state companies to create a supporting business class, the use of political institutions to block the representation of alternatives in congress, and the constitutionalization of key economic policies to shield them from partisan influence. Madariaga reflects on today’s most pressing issues, including the influence of increasing austerity measures and the rise of populism. A comparative exploration of political economics at the peripheries of global capitalism, Neoliberal Resilience investigates the tensions between Neoliberalism’s longevity and democracy’s gradual decline.Preface 1 The Puzzling Resilience of Neoliberalism 2 Explaining the Resilience of Neoliberalism 3 Neoliberal Policies and Supporting Actors 4 Neoliberal Resilience and the Crafting of Social Blocs 5 Creating Support: Privatization and Business Power 6 Blocking Opposition: Political Representation and Limited Democracy 7 Locking-in Neoliberalism: Independent Central Banks and Fiscal Spending Rules 8 Lessons: Neoliberal Resilience and the Future of Democracy List of Interviews Bibliography Inde
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The Political Economy of Neoliberal Resilience: Developmental Regimes in Latin America and Eastern Europe
Universität Köln, 2015Co-Authors: Madariaga A.Abstract:In the last decades of the twentieth century, Latin American and Eastern European countries experienced thorough processes of economic liberalization and became the hallmark of the neoliberal development model. After severe economic crises, increased social inequality and the associated political turmoil, many countries experienced reform backlashes or built alternative development models. A handful of countries, however, retained their neoliberal development models over time. What explains the resilience of Neoliberalism in these countries? I provide a twofold answer: first, specific actors formed coalitions that pursued and defended neoliberal policy alternatives over time; second, specific institutional mechanisms allowed these actors to remain powerful in order to veto changes. To arrive to this answer I conducted a small-n research, focusing on four countries with substantive market reform experiences, two representing resilience (Chile and Estonia) and two representing discontinuity (Argentina and Poland). I combined within-case methods (process tracing) and comparative methods to determine causal links between the explanatory factors (coalitions and institutions) and the outcome to explain (neoliberal resilience). To assess neoliberal resilience, I analyzed the trajectory of two policy domains: exchange rate regimes and industrial policy. The study covers the period from the introduction of market reforms (ca. 1970-1990) until the 2007-8 crisis. Theoretically, I combined insights from the literature on the political economy of policy reforms, international political economy theories of policy preferences, and institutional change theories from political science. In the first part, I analyzed the formation of coalitions supporting and opposing Neoliberalism. I focused on three actors: capital, divided into four sectors (financial, public utilities, competitive and non-competitive); political parties, divided on the right-left spectrum; and labor unions. I assessed their strength using quantitative data (sectorial national accounts, electoral data, unionization and collective bargaining levels), traced their preferences for exchange rate regimes and industrial policy using interviews and newspaper articles, and compared the dynamics of coalition formation and support across cases. In the second part I analyzed the political and institutional mechanisms that allowed neoliberal actor constellations to remain powerful over time and veto changes to established policies. I used specialized literature, interviews and newspaper articles to identify and test the relevant mechanisms. The main findings of my dissertation are: 1) neoliberal development projects have been pursued and defended by coalitions between the financial and competitive economic sectors, and right-wing parties; 2) non-competitive economic sectors, labor unions and left-wing parties have opposed Neoliberalism (successfully in the cases of discontinuity, unsuccessfully in the cases of resilience); 3) neoliberal coalitions used three mechanisms to maintain their power resources over time: creating business supporters through privatization, blocking opposition using restrictive electoral rules and labor market institutions, and institutionalizing central bank independence and fiscal spending rules. These mechanisms have been used in different combinations in Chile and Estonia to empower actors defending Neoliberalism, weaken actors opposing Neoliberalism, and prevent significant changes in exchange rate regimes and industrial policy. Conversely, these mechanisms have been either absent or worked in opposite directions in Argentina and Poland.List of tables vi List of figures ix Acronyms and abbreviations xii Acknowledgements xiv INTRODUCTION 1 I. Background 2 a) Empirical puzzle 2 b) State of the art 5 c) Theoretical foundations and scope 9 II. Aims, research questions and contributions 12 III. Methodology 16 a) Research design 16 b) Research methods 17 c) Case selection 19 d) Operationalization: indicators, measurement and data management 21 IV. Outline 25 CHAPTER 1 27 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE STUDY OF NEOLIBERAL RESILIENCE 27 I. Developmental regimes and dominant social blocs 28 a) Actors 32 b) Policies 35 c) Preferences 39 d) Context 43 II. Turning points 44 a) Economic turning points: the effects of markets on politics 45 b) Political turning points: the effects of politics on markets 47 III. Institutions 49 List of tables vi List of figures ix Acronyms and abbreviations xii Acknowledgements xiv INTRODUCTION 1 I. Background 2 a) Empirical puzzle 2 b) State of the art 5 c) Theoretical foundations and scope 9 II. Aims, research questions and contributions 12 III. Methodology 16 a) Research design 16 b) Research methods 17 c) Case selection 19 d) Operationalization: indicators, measurement and data management 21 IV. Outline 25 CHAPTER 1 27 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE STUDY OF NEOLIBERAL RESILIENCE 27 I. Developmental regimes and dominant social blocs 28 a) Actors 32 b) Policies 35 c) Preferences 39 d) Context 43 II. Turning points 44 a) Economic turning points: the effects of markets on politics 45 b) Political turning points: the effects of politics on markets 47 III. Institutions 49 a) Political institutions and policy formation 49 b) Policies as resilient institutions 50 c) Mechanisms of institutional resilience 53 IV. Summary 59 SECTION I NEOLIBERAL DEVELOPMENTAL REGIMES AND DOMINANT SOCIAL BLOCS 62 CHAPTER 2 Neoliberalism IN THE SOUTH, ACT 1: AUTHORITARIANISM 64 I. Reform: The marriage of markets and guns 65 a) The ascendance of the neoliberals 69 b) Diverse societal support for Neoliberalism 72 II. Aftermath: Financial collapse, debt crisis and the “lost decade” 77 a) Neoliberal power blocs during the debt crisis 79 b) Old wine in new bottles? the faith of the first neoliberal experiment 81 III. Conclusions 87 CHAPTER 3 Neoliberalism IN THE SOUTH, ACT 2: DEMOCRATIZATION/ DEMOCRACY 89 I. Consolidation: the neoliberal tide at both side of the Andes 91 a) Chile: center-left governments without a business base 94 b) Argentina 1: a renewed neoliberal experiment 100 c) Argentina 2: sustaining Neoliberalism through rough waters 107 II. Legacies: the “turn to the left” and the future of Neoliberalism in Latin America 111 a) Argentina: the dramatic downfall of a neoliberal poster child 113 b) Chile: the perils of lacking a business base 117 III. Conclusions 120 CHAPTER 4 Neoliberalism IN THE EAST, ACT 1: TRANSITION 123 I. Reform: The dissolution of communism through shock therapy 125 a) “No time for a third way”… the ascendance of the neoliberals 126 b) Neoliberal policy regimes in Eastern Europe 128 II. Aftermath: unfolding the umbrella over neoliberal reforms? 130 a) Extraordinary politics in Poland: the gradual unfolding of the umbrella 131 b) Extraordinary politics in Estonia: connecting Neoliberalism and nationalism 136 List of tables vi List of figures ix Acronyms and abbreviations xii Acknowledgements xiv INTRODUCTION 1 I. Background 2 a) Empirical puzzle 2 b) State of the art 5 c) Theoretical foundations and scope 9 II. Aims, research questions and contributions 12 III. Methodology 16 a) Research design 16 b) Research methods 17 c) Case selection 19 d) Operationalization: indicators, measurement and data management 21 IV. Outline 25 CHAPTER 1 27 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE STUDY OF NEOLIBERAL RESILIENCE 27 I. Developmental regimes and dominant social blocs 28 a) Actors 32 b) Policies 35 c) Preferences 39 d) Context 43 II. Turning points 44 a) Economic turning points: the effects of markets on politics 45 b) Political turning points: the effects of politics on markets 47 III. Institutions 49 a) Political institutions and policy formation 49 b) Policies as resilient institutions 50 c) Mechanisms of institutional resilience 53 IV. Summary 59 SECTION I NEOLIBERAL DEVELOPMENTAL REGIMES AND DOMINANT SOCIAL BLOCS 62 CHAPTER 2 Neoliberalism IN THE SOUTH, ACT 1: AUTHORITARIANISM 64 I. Reform: The marriage of markets and guns 65 a) The ascendance of the neoliberals 69 b) Diverse societal support for Neoliberalism 72 II. Aftermath: Financial collapse, debt crisis and the “lost decade” 77 a) Neoliberal power blocs during the debt crisis 79 b) Old wine in new bottles? the faith of the first neoliberal experiment 81 III. Conclusions 87 CHAPTER 3 Neoliberalism IN THE SOUTH, ACT 2: DEMOCRATIZATION/ DEMOCRACY 89 I. Consolidation: the neoliberal tide at both side of the Andes 91 a) Chile: center-left governments without a business base 94 b) Argentina 1: a renewed neoliberal experiment 100 c) Argentina 2: sustaining Neoliberalism through rough waters 107 II. Legacies: the “turn to the left” and the future of Neoliberalism in Latin America 111 a) Argentina: the dramatic downfall of a neoliberal poster child 113 b) Chile: the perils of lacking a business base 117 III. Conclusions 120 CHAPTER 4 Neoliberalism IN THE EAST, ACT 1: TRANSITION 123 I. Reform: The dissolution of communism through shock therapy 125 a) “No time for a third way”… the ascendance of the neoliberals 126 b) Neoliberal policy regimes in Eastern Europe 128 II. Aftermath: unfolding the umbrella over neoliberal reforms? 130 a) Extraordinary politics in Poland: the gradual unfolding of the umbrella 131 b) Extraordinary politics in Estonia: connecting Neoliberalism and nationalism 136 c) Normal politics in Estonia: strengthening Neoliberalism 139 d) Normal politics in Poland: seeking alternatives 146 III. Conclusions 155 CHAPTER 5 Neoliberalism IN THE EAST, ACT 2: EUROPEANIZATION 157 I. Consolidation: Europeanization and transnationalization 158 a) Estonia: Consolidating Neoliberalism 160 b) Poland: in the search for a dominant social bloc … 167 II. Legacies: Crisis in the center and the future of Neoliberalism in the East 177 III. Conclusions 182 SECTION II MECHANISMS OF NEOLIBERAL RESILIENCE 185 CHAPTER 6 CREATION OF SUPPORTERS 187 I. With a little help of my friends… creating supporters for Neoliberalism 189 a) Chile: stabilizing a pragmatic coalition 189 b) Estonia: the building blocks of neoliberal capitalism 200 II. When love is not enough… 210 a) Argentina: between state retrenchment and coalition building 210 b) Poland: sustaining state-ownership in the era of transnationalization 218 III. Conclusions 225 CHAPTER 7 OPPOSITION BLOCKADE 229 I. Chile and Estonia: restricting participation in the polity and the workplace 230 a) Chile 1: Shrinking the left 230 b) Estonia 1: Disenfranchising ethnic minorities 236 c) Chile 2: Farewell to the labor movement 245 d) Estonia 2: Labor, the actor that never was… 248 II. Argentina and Poland: the perils of incorporation under democratic rule 250 a) Argentina: opposition blockade through delegative democracy? 250 b) Poland: attempting a delegative democracy in the East 257 c) Argentina: Between curtailing and restoring labor power 262 d) Poland: the vestiges of workers' solidarity... 266 III. Conclusions 271 List of tables vi List of figures ix Acronyms and abbreviations xii Acknowledgements xiv INTRODUCTION 1 I. Background 2 a) Empirical puzzle 2 b) State of the art 5 c) Theoretical foundations and scope 9 II. Aims, research questions and contributions 12 III. Methodology 16 a) Research design 16 b) Research methods 17 c) Case selection 19 d) Operationalization: indicators, measurement and data management 21 IV. Outline 25 CHAPTER 1 27 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE STUDY OF NEOLIBERAL RESILIENCE 27 I. Developmental regimes and dominant social blocs a) Actors b) Policies c) Preferences d) Context II. Turning points a) Economic turning points: the effects of markets on politics b) Political turning points: the effects of politics on markets III. Institutions a) Political institutions and policy formation b) Policies as resilient institutions c) Mechanisms of institutional resilience IV. Summary SECTION I NEOLIBERAL DEVELOPMENTAL REGIMES AND DOMINANT SOCIAL BLOCS CHAPTER 2 Neoliberalism IN THE SOUTH, ACT 1: AUTHORITARIANISM I. Reform: The marriage of markets and guns a) The ascendance of the neoliberals b) Diverse societal support for Neoliberalism II. Aftermath: Financial collapse, debt crisis and the “lost decade” a) Neoliberal power blocs during the debt crisis b) Old wine in new bottles? the faith of the first neoliberal experiment III. Conclusions CHAPTER 3 Neoliberalism IN THE SOUTH, ACT 2: DEMOCRATIZATION/ DEMOCRACY I. Consolidation: the neoliberal tide at both side of the Andes a) Chile: center-left governments without a business base b) Argentina 1: a renewed neoliberal experiment c) Argentina 2: sustaining Neoliberalism through rough waters II. Legacies: the “turn to the left” and the future of Neoliberalism in Latin America a) Argentina: the dramatic downfall of a neoliberal poster child b) Chile: the perils of lacking a business base III. Conclusions CHAPTER 4 Neoliberalism IN THE EAST, ACT 1: TRANSITION I. Reform: The dissolution of communism through shock therapy a) “No time for a third way”… the ascendance of the neoliberals b) Neoliberal policy regimes in Eastern Europe II. Aftermath: unfolding the umbrella over neoliberal reforms? a) Extraordinary politics in Poland: the gradual unfolding of the umbrella b) Extraordinary politics in Estonia: connecting Neoliberalism and nationalism c) Normal politics in Estonia: strengthening Neoliberalism d) Normal politics in Poland: seeking alternatives III. Conclusions CHAPTER 5 Neoliberalism IN THE EAST, ACT 2: EUROPEANIZATION I. Consolidation: Europeanization and transnationalization a) Estonia: Consolidating Neoliberalism b) Poland: in the search for a dominant social bloc … II. Legacies: Crisis in the center and the future of Neoliberalism in the East III. Conclusions SECTION II MECHANISMS OF NEOLIBERAL RESILIENCE CHAPTER 6 CREATION OF SUPPORTERS I. With a little help of my friends… creating supporters for Neoliberalism a) Chile: stabilizing a pragmatic coalition b) Estonia: the building blocks of neoliberal capitalism II. When love is not enough… a) Argentina: between state retrenchment and coalition building b) Poland: sustaining state-ownership in the era of transnationalization III. Conclusions CHAPTER 7 OPPOSITION BLOCKADE I. Chile and Estonia: restricting participation in the polity and the workplace a) Chile 1: Shrinking the left b) Estonia 1: Disenfranchising ethnic minorities c) Chile 2: Farewell to the labor movement d) Estonia 2: Labor, the actor that never was… II. Argentina and Poland: the perils of incorporation under democratic rule a) Argentina: opposition blockade through delegative democracy? b) Poland: attempting a delegative democracy in the East c) Argentina: Between curtailing and restoring labor power d) Poland: the vestiges of workers' solidarity... III. Conclusions CHAPTER 8 CONSTITUTIONALIZED MONETARISM I. The discreet charm of tying the other’s hands… a) Chile: between restraint and commitment b) Estonia: the "virtuous circle" of neoliberal institutions II. The perils of institutionalization: on rooms of maneuver and power relations a) Argentina: do the ties really bind? b) Poland: neoliberal institutions under permanent assault III. Conclusion CONCLUSIONS I. On the political economy of neoliberal resilience a) Dominant social blocs and neoliberal developmental regimes b) Mechanisms of neoliberal resilience: what and how they work c) Institutional continuity and change in neoliberal political economies II. Neoliberal resilience, commonalities of Neoliberalism and varieties of contestation III. Neoliberal resilience and the future of democratic capitalism BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEX 1 Data ANNEX 2 Analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) ANNEX 3 Interview
