Nerve Cuff Electrode

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Kevin L. Kilgore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode Geometry on Onset Response Firing in High-Frequency Nerve Conduction Block
    2015
    Co-Authors: Michael D Ackermann, Emily L. Foldes, Niloy Bhadra [member, Xiao-feng Wang, Kevin L. Kilgore
    Abstract:

    The delivery of high-frequency alternating currents has been shown to produce a focal and reversible conduction block in whole Nerve and is a potential therapeutic option for various diseases and disorders involving pathological or undesired neurological activity. However, delivery of high-frequency alternating current to a Nerve produces a finite burst of neuronal firing, called the onset response, before the Nerve is blocked. Reduction or elimination of the onset response is very important to moving this type of Nerve block into clinical applications since the onset response is likely to result in undesired muscle contraction and pain. This paper describes a study of the effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry (specifically, bipolar contact separation distance), and waveform amplitude on the magnitude and duration of the onset response. Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude were both found to affect these measures. The magnitude and duration of the onset response showed a monotonic relationship with bipolar separation distance and amplitude. The duration of the onset response varied by as much as 820 % on average for combinations of different Electrode geometries and waveform amplitudes. Bipolar Electrodes with a contact separation distance of 0.5 mm resulted in the briefest onset response on average

  • Design, fabrication and evaluation of a conforming circumpolar peripheral Nerve Cuff Electrode for acute experimental use.
    Journal of neuroscience methods, 2010
    Co-Authors: Emily L. Foldes, Kevin L. Kilgore, Niloy Bhadra, D. Michael Ackermann, Narendra Bhadra
    Abstract:

    Nerve Cuff Electrodes are a principle tool of basic and applied electro-neurophysiology studies and are championed for their ability to achieve good Nerve recruitment with low thresholds. We describe the design and method of fabrication for a novel circumpolar peripheral Nerve Electrode for acute experimental use. This cylindrical Cuff-style Electrode provides approximately 270° of radial Electrode contact with a Nerve for each of an arbitrary number of contacts, has a profile that allows for simple placement and removal in an acute Nerve preparation, and is designed for adjustment of the cylindrical diameter to ensure a close fit on the Nerve. For each Electrode, the electrical contacts were cut from 25 μm platinum foil as an array so as to maintain their positions relative to each other within the Cuff. Lead wires were welded to each intended contact. The structure was then molded in silicone elastomer, after which the individual contacts were electrically isolated. The final Electrode was curved into a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter corresponding to that of the intended target Nerve. The positions of these contacts were well maintained during the molding and shaping process and failure rates during fabrication due to contact displacements were very low. Established electrochemical measurements were made on one Electrode to confirm expected behavior for a platinum Electrode and to measure the Electrode impedance to applied voltages at different frequencies. These Electrodes have been successfully used for Nerve stimulation, recording, and conduction block in a number of different acute animal experiments by several investigators.

  • effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry on onset response firing in high frequency Nerve conduction block
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2010
    Co-Authors: Michael D Ackermann, Narendra Bhadra, Emily L. Foldes, X Wang, Kevin L. Kilgore
    Abstract:

    The delivery of high-frequency alternating currents has been shown to produce a focal and reversible conduction block in whole Nerve and is a potential therapeutic option for various diseases and disorders involving pathological or undesired neurological activity. However, delivery of high-frequency alternating current to a Nerve produces a finite burst of neuronal firing, called the onset response, before the Nerve is blocked. Reduction or elimination of the onset response is very important to moving this type of Nerve block into clinical applications since the onset response is likely to result in undesired muscle contraction and pain. This paper describes a study of the effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry (specifically, bipolar contact separation distance), and waveform amplitude on the magnitude and duration of the onset response. Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude were both found to affect these measures. The magnitude and duration of the onset response showed a monotonic relationship with bipolar separation distance and amplitude. The duration of the onset response varied by as much as 820% on average for combinations of different Electrode geometries and waveform amplitudes. Bipolar Electrodes with a contact separation distance of 0.5 mm resulted in the briefest onset response on average. Furthermore, the data presented in this study provide some insight into a biophysical explanation for the onset response. These data suggest that the onset response consists of two different phases: one phase which is responsive to experimental variables such as Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude, and one which is not and appears to be inherent to the transition to the blocked state. This study has implications for Nerve block Electrode and stimulation parameter selection for clinical therapy systems and basic neurophysiology studies.

  • High frequency electrical conduction block of the pudendal Nerve
    Journal of neural engineering, 2006
    Co-Authors: Narendra Bhadra, Niloy Bhadra, Kevin L. Kilgore, Kenneth J. Gustafson
    Abstract:

    A reversible electrical block of the pudendal Nerves may provide a valuable method for restoration of urinary voiding in individuals with bladder–sphincter dyssynergia. This study quantified the stimulus parameters and effectiveness of high frequency (HFAC) sinusoidal waveforms on the pudendal Nerves to produce block of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). A proximal Electrode on the pudendal Nerve after its exit from the sciatic notch was used to apply low frequency stimuli to evoke EUS contractions. HFAC at frequencies from 1 to 30 kHz with amplitudes from 1 to 10 V were applied through a conforming tripolar Nerve Cuff Electrode implanted distally. Sphincter responses were recorded with a catheter mounted micro-transducer. A fast onset and reversible motor block was obtained over this range of frequencies. The HFAC block showed three phases: a high onset response, often a period of repetitive firing and usually a steady state of complete or partial block. A complete EUS block was obtained in all animals. The block thresholds showed a linear relationship with frequency. HFAC pudendal Nerve stimulation effectively produced a quickly reversible block of evoked urethral sphincter contractions. The HFAC pudendal block could be a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of bladder–sphincter dyssynergia.

Narendra Bhadra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Design, fabrication and evaluation of a conforming circumpolar peripheral Nerve Cuff Electrode for acute experimental use.
    Journal of neuroscience methods, 2010
    Co-Authors: Emily L. Foldes, Kevin L. Kilgore, Niloy Bhadra, D. Michael Ackermann, Narendra Bhadra
    Abstract:

    Nerve Cuff Electrodes are a principle tool of basic and applied electro-neurophysiology studies and are championed for their ability to achieve good Nerve recruitment with low thresholds. We describe the design and method of fabrication for a novel circumpolar peripheral Nerve Electrode for acute experimental use. This cylindrical Cuff-style Electrode provides approximately 270° of radial Electrode contact with a Nerve for each of an arbitrary number of contacts, has a profile that allows for simple placement and removal in an acute Nerve preparation, and is designed for adjustment of the cylindrical diameter to ensure a close fit on the Nerve. For each Electrode, the electrical contacts were cut from 25 μm platinum foil as an array so as to maintain their positions relative to each other within the Cuff. Lead wires were welded to each intended contact. The structure was then molded in silicone elastomer, after which the individual contacts were electrically isolated. The final Electrode was curved into a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter corresponding to that of the intended target Nerve. The positions of these contacts were well maintained during the molding and shaping process and failure rates during fabrication due to contact displacements were very low. Established electrochemical measurements were made on one Electrode to confirm expected behavior for a platinum Electrode and to measure the Electrode impedance to applied voltages at different frequencies. These Electrodes have been successfully used for Nerve stimulation, recording, and conduction block in a number of different acute animal experiments by several investigators.

  • effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry on onset response firing in high frequency Nerve conduction block
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2010
    Co-Authors: Michael D Ackermann, Narendra Bhadra, Emily L. Foldes, X Wang, Kevin L. Kilgore
    Abstract:

    The delivery of high-frequency alternating currents has been shown to produce a focal and reversible conduction block in whole Nerve and is a potential therapeutic option for various diseases and disorders involving pathological or undesired neurological activity. However, delivery of high-frequency alternating current to a Nerve produces a finite burst of neuronal firing, called the onset response, before the Nerve is blocked. Reduction or elimination of the onset response is very important to moving this type of Nerve block into clinical applications since the onset response is likely to result in undesired muscle contraction and pain. This paper describes a study of the effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry (specifically, bipolar contact separation distance), and waveform amplitude on the magnitude and duration of the onset response. Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude were both found to affect these measures. The magnitude and duration of the onset response showed a monotonic relationship with bipolar separation distance and amplitude. The duration of the onset response varied by as much as 820% on average for combinations of different Electrode geometries and waveform amplitudes. Bipolar Electrodes with a contact separation distance of 0.5 mm resulted in the briefest onset response on average. Furthermore, the data presented in this study provide some insight into a biophysical explanation for the onset response. These data suggest that the onset response consists of two different phases: one phase which is responsive to experimental variables such as Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude, and one which is not and appears to be inherent to the transition to the blocked state. This study has implications for Nerve block Electrode and stimulation parameter selection for clinical therapy systems and basic neurophysiology studies.

  • High frequency electrical conduction block of the pudendal Nerve
    Journal of neural engineering, 2006
    Co-Authors: Narendra Bhadra, Niloy Bhadra, Kevin L. Kilgore, Kenneth J. Gustafson
    Abstract:

    A reversible electrical block of the pudendal Nerves may provide a valuable method for restoration of urinary voiding in individuals with bladder–sphincter dyssynergia. This study quantified the stimulus parameters and effectiveness of high frequency (HFAC) sinusoidal waveforms on the pudendal Nerves to produce block of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). A proximal Electrode on the pudendal Nerve after its exit from the sciatic notch was used to apply low frequency stimuli to evoke EUS contractions. HFAC at frequencies from 1 to 30 kHz with amplitudes from 1 to 10 V were applied through a conforming tripolar Nerve Cuff Electrode implanted distally. Sphincter responses were recorded with a catheter mounted micro-transducer. A fast onset and reversible motor block was obtained over this range of frequencies. The HFAC block showed three phases: a high onset response, often a period of repetitive firing and usually a steady state of complete or partial block. A complete EUS block was obtained in all animals. The block thresholds showed a linear relationship with frequency. HFAC pudendal Nerve stimulation effectively produced a quickly reversible block of evoked urethral sphincter contractions. The HFAC pudendal block could be a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of bladder–sphincter dyssynergia.

Paul B. Yoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • classification of directionally specific vagus Nerve activity using an upper airway obstruction model in anesthetized rodents
    Scientific Reports, 2021
    Co-Authors: Parisa Sabetian, Paul B. Yoo, Y Sadatnejad
    Abstract:

    Electrical signals from the peripheral nervous system have the potential to provide the necessary motor, sensory or autonomic information for implementing closed-loop control of neuroprosthetic or neuromodulatory systems. However, developing methods to recover information encoded in these signals is a significant challenge. Our goal was to test the feasibility of measuring physiologically generated Nerve action potentials that can be classified as sensory or motor signals. A tetrapolar recording Nerve Cuff Electrode was used to measure vagal Nerve (VN) activity in a rodent model of upper airway obstruction. The effect of upper airway occlusions on VN activity related to respiration (RnP) was calculated and compared for 4 different cases: (1) intact VN, (2) VN transection only proximal to recording Electrode, (3) VN transection only distal to the recording Electrode, and (4) transection of VN proximal and distal to Electrode. We employed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model with Gaussian Kernel to learn a model capable of classifying efferent and afferent waveforms obtained from the tetrapolar Electrode. In vivo results showed that the RnP values decreased significantly during obstruction by 91.7% ± 3.1%, and 78.2% ± 3.4% for cases of intact VN or proximal transection, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant changes for cases of VN transection at the distal end or both ends of the Electrode. The SVM model yielded an 85.8% accuracy in distinguishing motor and sensory signals. The feasibility of measuring low-noise directionally-sensitive neural activity using a tetrapolar Nerve Cuff Electrode along with the use of an SVM classifier was shown. Future experimental work in chronic implant studies is needed to support clinical translatability.

  • feasibility of differentially measuring afferent and efferent neural activity with a single Nerve Cuff Electrode
    Journal of Neural Engineering, 2020
    Co-Authors: Parisa Sabetian, Paul B. Yoo
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE Advances in Electrode technology have facilitated the development of neuroprostheses for restoring motor/sensory function in disabled individuals. Information extracted from a whole Nerve, recorded using Cuffs, can provide signals that control the operation of neuroprostheses. However, the amount of information that can be extracted from a tripolar Cuff-which provides the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-is limited. The physical symmetry of the tripolar Cuff results in neural recordings that cannot differentiate afferent versus efferent signals. In this study, we introduced a tetrapolar Cuff to achieve low-noise and directionally sensitive recording. APPROACH The tetrapolar Cuff was initially designed using a computational approach. A finite element model was used to solve the electric potential generated at the Electrode contacts by active electrical sources, such as the nodes of Ranvier and an artifact noise source. The resulting single fiber action potentials (SFAPs) and artifact noise signals (ANS) were used to characterize the performance of the tetrapolar configuration of the Electrode length (EL) and Electrode edge length (EEL) on simulated SFAP and ANS. The feasibility of using a tetrapolar Cuff to differentiate afferent/efferent action potentials by applying potassium chloride in anesthetized rats was also investigated. MAIN RESULTS Both the computational and experimental results of this study indicated that directional recording can be achieved using a tetrapolar Cuff. Testing different design criteria (e.g. EL and EEL) showed that at EL values above 15 mm and EEL  ⩾  2 mm, the tetrapolar Cuffs can yield larger SNRs than equally-sized tripolar Cuffs. SIGNIFICANCE This study indicated that low-noise directionally sensitive measurement of neural activity can be achieved with a tetrapolar Cuff. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of using a tetrapolar Cuff to differentiate afferent/efferent signals by applying potassium chloride. Further work is needed to determine whether the tetrapolar Cuff can differentiate afferent/efferent physiologically elicited neural activities.

  • optimizing a novel Nerve Cuff Electrode to record bidirectional neural activity
    International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, 2019
    Co-Authors: P Sabetian, Paul B. Yoo
    Abstract:

    Neural recordings can provide useful information regarding specific sensory or motor function that can be applied to functional electrical stimulation systems for persons with spinal cord injury or stroke patients. Among myriad neural interfaces, the Nerve Cuff Electrode offers an attractive tool for communicating with peripheral nervous system. The tripolar Cuff Electrode is the most common Nerve Cuff design; however, the physical symmetry of this configuration does not allow for the differentiation of action potentials propagating in opposite directions (i.e., afferent vs. efferent activity). The main goal of this study was to test the feasibility of using a tetrapolar configuration to achieve high SNR, directionally-sensitive recording of Nerve activity. The objectives for this design were to combine (1) low-noise recordings from two sets of tripolar contacts with (2) the directional information provided by differentially measuring the two tripolar signals.

  • Characterizing the reduction of stimulation artifact noise in a tripolar Nerve Cuff Electrode by application of a conductive shield layer.
    Medical engineering & physics, 2016
    Co-Authors: Parisa Sabetian, Bita Sadeghlo, Chengran Harvey Zhang, Paul B. Yoo
    Abstract:

    Tripolar Nerve Cuff Electrodes have been widely used for measuring peripheral Nerve activity. However, despite the high signal-to-noise ratio levels that can be achieved with this recording configuration, the clinical use of Cuff Electrodes in closed-loop controlled neuroprostheses remains limited. This is largely attributed to artifact noise signals that contaminate the recorded neural activity. In this study, we investigated the use of a conductive shield layer (CSL) as a means of reducing the artifact noise recorded by Nerve Cuff Electrodes. Using both computational simulations and in vivo experiments, we found that the CSL can result in up to an 85% decrease in the recorded artifact signal. Both the electrical conductivity and the surface area of the CSL were identified as important design criteria. Although this study shows that the CSL can significantly reduce artifact noise in tripolar Nerve Cuff Electrodes, long-term implant studies are needed to validate our findings.

Kenneth J. Gustafson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • High frequency electrical conduction block of the pudendal Nerve
    Journal of neural engineering, 2006
    Co-Authors: Narendra Bhadra, Niloy Bhadra, Kevin L. Kilgore, Kenneth J. Gustafson
    Abstract:

    A reversible electrical block of the pudendal Nerves may provide a valuable method for restoration of urinary voiding in individuals with bladder–sphincter dyssynergia. This study quantified the stimulus parameters and effectiveness of high frequency (HFAC) sinusoidal waveforms on the pudendal Nerves to produce block of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). A proximal Electrode on the pudendal Nerve after its exit from the sciatic notch was used to apply low frequency stimuli to evoke EUS contractions. HFAC at frequencies from 1 to 30 kHz with amplitudes from 1 to 10 V were applied through a conforming tripolar Nerve Cuff Electrode implanted distally. Sphincter responses were recorded with a catheter mounted micro-transducer. A fast onset and reversible motor block was obtained over this range of frequencies. The HFAC block showed three phases: a high onset response, often a period of repetitive firing and usually a steady state of complete or partial block. A complete EUS block was obtained in all animals. The block thresholds showed a linear relationship with frequency. HFAC pudendal Nerve stimulation effectively produced a quickly reversible block of evoked urethral sphincter contractions. The HFAC pudendal block could be a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of bladder–sphincter dyssynergia.

  • Fascicular anatomy and surgical access of the human pudendal Nerve.
    World journal of urology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Kenneth J. Gustafson, Paul F. Zelkovic, Adrian H. Feng, Christine E. Draper, Donald R. Bodner, Warren M. Grill
    Abstract:

    The ability to access selectively distal Nerve branches at the level of the compound pudendal Nerve (PN) would allow control of multiple neural pathways and genitourinary functions at a single location. Nerve Cuff Electrodes can selectively stimulate individual fascicles; however the PN fascicular anatomy is unknown. The fascicular representation of distal branches was identified and traced proximally to create fascicle maps of 12 compound PNs in seven cadavers. Distal Nerves were represented as groups of individual fascicles in the PN. Fascicle maps were consistent between specimens and along the PN within specimens. PN branch free length was 26±7.7 mm. PN cross-sections were relatively flat with major and minor diameters of 4.3±0.90 and 1.7±0.45 mm, respectively. Placing a Nerve Cuff on the PN is anatomically and surgically feasible. The PN fascicular anatomy, branch free length, and cross-section geometry are conducive to selective stimulation of distal Nerves with a single Nerve Cuff Electrode.

Emily L. Foldes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode Geometry on Onset Response Firing in High-Frequency Nerve Conduction Block
    2015
    Co-Authors: Michael D Ackermann, Emily L. Foldes, Niloy Bhadra [member, Xiao-feng Wang, Kevin L. Kilgore
    Abstract:

    The delivery of high-frequency alternating currents has been shown to produce a focal and reversible conduction block in whole Nerve and is a potential therapeutic option for various diseases and disorders involving pathological or undesired neurological activity. However, delivery of high-frequency alternating current to a Nerve produces a finite burst of neuronal firing, called the onset response, before the Nerve is blocked. Reduction or elimination of the onset response is very important to moving this type of Nerve block into clinical applications since the onset response is likely to result in undesired muscle contraction and pain. This paper describes a study of the effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry (specifically, bipolar contact separation distance), and waveform amplitude on the magnitude and duration of the onset response. Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude were both found to affect these measures. The magnitude and duration of the onset response showed a monotonic relationship with bipolar separation distance and amplitude. The duration of the onset response varied by as much as 820 % on average for combinations of different Electrode geometries and waveform amplitudes. Bipolar Electrodes with a contact separation distance of 0.5 mm resulted in the briefest onset response on average

  • Design, fabrication and evaluation of a conforming circumpolar peripheral Nerve Cuff Electrode for acute experimental use.
    Journal of neuroscience methods, 2010
    Co-Authors: Emily L. Foldes, Kevin L. Kilgore, Niloy Bhadra, D. Michael Ackermann, Narendra Bhadra
    Abstract:

    Nerve Cuff Electrodes are a principle tool of basic and applied electro-neurophysiology studies and are championed for their ability to achieve good Nerve recruitment with low thresholds. We describe the design and method of fabrication for a novel circumpolar peripheral Nerve Electrode for acute experimental use. This cylindrical Cuff-style Electrode provides approximately 270° of radial Electrode contact with a Nerve for each of an arbitrary number of contacts, has a profile that allows for simple placement and removal in an acute Nerve preparation, and is designed for adjustment of the cylindrical diameter to ensure a close fit on the Nerve. For each Electrode, the electrical contacts were cut from 25 μm platinum foil as an array so as to maintain their positions relative to each other within the Cuff. Lead wires were welded to each intended contact. The structure was then molded in silicone elastomer, after which the individual contacts were electrically isolated. The final Electrode was curved into a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter corresponding to that of the intended target Nerve. The positions of these contacts were well maintained during the molding and shaping process and failure rates during fabrication due to contact displacements were very low. Established electrochemical measurements were made on one Electrode to confirm expected behavior for a platinum Electrode and to measure the Electrode impedance to applied voltages at different frequencies. These Electrodes have been successfully used for Nerve stimulation, recording, and conduction block in a number of different acute animal experiments by several investigators.

  • effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry on onset response firing in high frequency Nerve conduction block
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2010
    Co-Authors: Michael D Ackermann, Narendra Bhadra, Emily L. Foldes, X Wang, Kevin L. Kilgore
    Abstract:

    The delivery of high-frequency alternating currents has been shown to produce a focal and reversible conduction block in whole Nerve and is a potential therapeutic option for various diseases and disorders involving pathological or undesired neurological activity. However, delivery of high-frequency alternating current to a Nerve produces a finite burst of neuronal firing, called the onset response, before the Nerve is blocked. Reduction or elimination of the onset response is very important to moving this type of Nerve block into clinical applications since the onset response is likely to result in undesired muscle contraction and pain. This paper describes a study of the effect of Nerve Cuff Electrode geometry (specifically, bipolar contact separation distance), and waveform amplitude on the magnitude and duration of the onset response. Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude were both found to affect these measures. The magnitude and duration of the onset response showed a monotonic relationship with bipolar separation distance and amplitude. The duration of the onset response varied by as much as 820% on average for combinations of different Electrode geometries and waveform amplitudes. Bipolar Electrodes with a contact separation distance of 0.5 mm resulted in the briefest onset response on average. Furthermore, the data presented in this study provide some insight into a biophysical explanation for the onset response. These data suggest that the onset response consists of two different phases: one phase which is responsive to experimental variables such as Electrode geometry and waveform amplitude, and one which is not and appears to be inherent to the transition to the blocked state. This study has implications for Nerve block Electrode and stimulation parameter selection for clinical therapy systems and basic neurophysiology studies.