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Angela K Lange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dopaminergic neurons in the brain and dopaminergic innervation of the albumen gland in mated and virgin helisoma duryi mollusca pulmonata
    BMC Physiology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Lana Kiehn, Saber Saleuddin, Angela K Lange
    Abstract:

    Dopamine was shown to stimulate the perivitelline fluid secretion by the albumen gland. Even though the albumen gland has been shown to contain catecholaminergic fibers and its innervation has been studied, the type of catecholamines, distribution of fibers and the precise source of this neural innervation has not yet been deduced. This study was designed to address these issues and examine the correlation between dopamine concentration and the sexual status of snails. Dopaminergic neurons were found in all ganglia except the pleural and right parietal, and their axons in all ganglia and major Nerves of the brain. In the albumen gland dopaminergic axons formed a Nerve Tract in the central region, and a uniform net in other areas. Neuronal cell bodies were present in the vicinity of the axons. Dopamine was a major catecholamine in the brain and the albumen gland. No significant difference in dopamine quantity was found when the brain and the albumen gland of randomly mating, virgin and first time mated snails were compared. Our results represent the first detailed studies regarding the catecholamine innervation and quantitation of neurotransmitters in the albumen gland. In this study we localized catecholaminergic neurons and axons in the albumen gland and the brain, identified these neurons and axons as dopaminergic, reported monoamines present in the albumen gland and the brain, and compared the dopamine content in the brain and the albumen gland of randomly mating, virgin and first time mated snails.

Tigran P Norekian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • structure and function of the nervous system in nectophores of the siphonophore nanomia bijuga
    The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tigran P Norekian, Robert W Meech
    Abstract:

    ABSTract Although the bell-shaped nectophores of the siphonophore Nanomia bijuga are clearly specialized for locomotion, their complex neuroanatomy described here testifies to multiple subsidiary functions. These include secretion, by the extensively innervated ‘flask cells9 located around the bell margin, and protection, by the numerous nematocytes that line the nectophore9s exposed ridges. The main Nerve complex consists of a Nerve ring at the base of the bell, an adjacent column-shaped matrix plus two associated Nerve projections. At the top of the nectophore the upper Nerve Tract appears to have a sensory role; on the lower surface a second Nerve Tract provides a motor input connecting the nectophore with the rest of the colony via a cluster of Nerve cells at the stem. N. bijuga is capable of both forward and backward jet-propelled swimming. During backwards swimming the water jet is redirected by the conTraction of the Claus9 muscle system, part of the muscular velum that fringes the bell aperture. ConTractions can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the nectophore surface, even when both upper and lower Nerve Tracts have been destroyed. Epithelial impulses elicited there, generate slow potentials and action potentials in the velum musculature. Slow potentials arise at different sites around the bell margin and give rise to action potentials in conTracting Claus’ muscle fibres. A synaptic rather than an electrotonic model more readily accounts for the time course of the slow potentials. During backward swimming, isometrically conTracting muscle fibres in the endoderm provide the Claus9 fibres with an immobile base.

  • structure and function of the nervous system in nectophores of the siphonophore nanomia bijuga
    bioRxiv, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tigran P Norekian, Robert W Meech
    Abstract:

    Although Nanomia nectophores are specialized for locomotion, their cellular elements and complex Nerve structures suggest they have multiple subsidiary functions. The main Nerve complex is a Nerve ring, an adjacent columnar-shaped matrix plus two associated Nerve projections. An upper Nerve Tract appears to provide a sensory input while a lower Nerve Tract connects with the rest of the colony. The Nerve cell cluster that gives rise to the lower Nerve Tract may relay information from the colony stem. The structure of the extensively innervated 9flask cells9 located around the bell margin suggests a secretory function. They are ideally placed to release chemical messengers or toxins into the jet of water that leaves the nectophore during each swim. The numerous nematocytes present on exposed nectophore ridges appear to have an entangling rather than a penetrating role. Movements of the velum, produced by conTraction of the Claus9 muscle system during backwards swimming, can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the surface epithelium even when the major Nerve Tracts serving the Nerve ring have been destroyed (confirming Mackie, 1964). Epithelial impulses generated by electrical stimulation elicit synaptic potentials in Claus9 muscle fibres. Their amplitude suggests a neural input in the vicinity of the Claus9 muscle system. The synaptic delay is

Lana Kiehn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dopaminergic neurons in the brain and dopaminergic innervation of the albumen gland in mated and virgin helisoma duryi mollusca pulmonata
    BMC Physiology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Lana Kiehn, Saber Saleuddin, Angela K Lange
    Abstract:

    Dopamine was shown to stimulate the perivitelline fluid secretion by the albumen gland. Even though the albumen gland has been shown to contain catecholaminergic fibers and its innervation has been studied, the type of catecholamines, distribution of fibers and the precise source of this neural innervation has not yet been deduced. This study was designed to address these issues and examine the correlation between dopamine concentration and the sexual status of snails. Dopaminergic neurons were found in all ganglia except the pleural and right parietal, and their axons in all ganglia and major Nerves of the brain. In the albumen gland dopaminergic axons formed a Nerve Tract in the central region, and a uniform net in other areas. Neuronal cell bodies were present in the vicinity of the axons. Dopamine was a major catecholamine in the brain and the albumen gland. No significant difference in dopamine quantity was found when the brain and the albumen gland of randomly mating, virgin and first time mated snails were compared. Our results represent the first detailed studies regarding the catecholamine innervation and quantitation of neurotransmitters in the albumen gland. In this study we localized catecholaminergic neurons and axons in the albumen gland and the brain, identified these neurons and axons as dopaminergic, reported monoamines present in the albumen gland and the brain, and compared the dopamine content in the brain and the albumen gland of randomly mating, virgin and first time mated snails.

Furen Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Images in Clinical Tropical Medicine Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy with Type 1 (Reversal) Reactions in a Chinese Man
    2016
    Co-Authors: Hong Liu, Furen Zhang
    Abstract:

    A 59-year-old man diagnosed with borderline lepromatous leprosy developed reddish patches and plaques on the face, which progressively enlarged and spread to the trunk and limbs (Figure 1A–D). Other superficial Nerves appeared normal. Biopsy showed plasmocytic and lymphocytic infil-tration in the Nerve Tract, and was 4+ acid-fast bacilli (AFB)– stain positive suggesting Mycobacterium leprae (Figure 2A and B); this was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The HLA-B*13:01 test was negative. Two weeks after rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine (World Health Organization multidrug therapy [WHO MDT] regimen) were started, the skin lesions (hypochromic macules) became red, edematous, and enlarged (Figure 3A–D). Both ulnar Nerves became tender and thickened; ultrasonography showed reduc-tion of blood flow (Figure 4A and B). Collectively these find-ings indicated a type 1 conversion reaction (T1R) (Figure 2C). One year after prednisone was started (40 mg/day for 3 months with progressive tapering), the T1R was found to be com-pletely resolved. In leprosy, type 1 and type 2 reactions—whether spon-taneous or related to treatment—are the main causes of morbidity. T1Rs result from cell-mediated immunity affectin

  • Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy with Type 1 (Reversal) Reactions in a Chinese Man
    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hong Liu, Furen Zhang
    Abstract:

    A 59-year-old man diagnosed with borderline lepromatous leprosy developed reddish patches and plaques on the face, which progressively enlarged and spread to the trunk and limbs (Figure 1A–D ). Other superficial Nerves appeared normal. Biopsy showed plasmocytic and lymphocytic infiltration in the Nerve Tract, and was 4+ acid-fast bacilli (AFB)–stain positive suggesting Mycobacterium leprae (Figure 2A and ​andBB ); this was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The HLA-B*13:01 test was negative. Two weeks after rifampin, dapsone, and clofazimine (World Health Organization multidrug therapy [WHO MDT] regimen) were started, the skin lesions (hypochromic macules) became red, edematous, and enlarged (Figure 3A–D ). Both ulnar Nerves became tender and thickened; ultrasonography showed reduction of blood flow (Figure 4A and ​andBB ). Collectively these findings indicated a type 1 conversion reaction (T1R) (Figure 2C). One year after prednisone was started (40 mg/day for 3 months with progressive tapering), the T1R was found to be completely resolved. Figure 1. Pre-therapy clinical photograph showing reddish patches and plaques appeared on the patient’s face (A), elbow (B), knee (C), and buttock (D). Figure 2. Pre-therapy histopathologic analysis showing (left leg): (A) plasmocytic and lymphocytic infiltration surrounding dermal Nerve and Schwann cells and inflammatory cell infiltrated into Nerve Tract (Hematoxylin and Eeosin [H&E] staining ×400), ... Figure 3. Post-therapy clinical photograph (2 weeks after initiation of multidrug therapy [MDT]). The preexisting lesions in the form of hypochromic macules turned red, edematous, squamous, enlarged, and the inflammatory infiltration aggravated, face (A), knee ... Figure 4. Post-therapy (2 weeks after initiation of multidrug therapy [MDT]) ultrasonography and color Doppler images of peripheral Nerve of the patient. (A) Cross-section scan of the right side ulnar Nerve with hypoechoic fascicles: 0.889 cm at its widest point ... In leprosy, type 1 and type 2 reactions—whether spontaneous or related to treatment—are the main causes of morbidity. T1Rs result from cell-mediated immunity affecting up to 30% of susceptible individuals.1 Nonpolar forms of leprosy are the primary risk factor for the occurrence of T1Rs.2 Systemic corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment of T1Rs.

Robert W Meech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • structure and function of the nervous system in nectophores of the siphonophore nanomia bijuga
    The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tigran P Norekian, Robert W Meech
    Abstract:

    ABSTract Although the bell-shaped nectophores of the siphonophore Nanomia bijuga are clearly specialized for locomotion, their complex neuroanatomy described here testifies to multiple subsidiary functions. These include secretion, by the extensively innervated ‘flask cells9 located around the bell margin, and protection, by the numerous nematocytes that line the nectophore9s exposed ridges. The main Nerve complex consists of a Nerve ring at the base of the bell, an adjacent column-shaped matrix plus two associated Nerve projections. At the top of the nectophore the upper Nerve Tract appears to have a sensory role; on the lower surface a second Nerve Tract provides a motor input connecting the nectophore with the rest of the colony via a cluster of Nerve cells at the stem. N. bijuga is capable of both forward and backward jet-propelled swimming. During backwards swimming the water jet is redirected by the conTraction of the Claus9 muscle system, part of the muscular velum that fringes the bell aperture. ConTractions can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the nectophore surface, even when both upper and lower Nerve Tracts have been destroyed. Epithelial impulses elicited there, generate slow potentials and action potentials in the velum musculature. Slow potentials arise at different sites around the bell margin and give rise to action potentials in conTracting Claus’ muscle fibres. A synaptic rather than an electrotonic model more readily accounts for the time course of the slow potentials. During backward swimming, isometrically conTracting muscle fibres in the endoderm provide the Claus9 fibres with an immobile base.

  • structure and function of the nervous system in nectophores of the siphonophore nanomia bijuga
    bioRxiv, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tigran P Norekian, Robert W Meech
    Abstract:

    Although Nanomia nectophores are specialized for locomotion, their cellular elements and complex Nerve structures suggest they have multiple subsidiary functions. The main Nerve complex is a Nerve ring, an adjacent columnar-shaped matrix plus two associated Nerve projections. An upper Nerve Tract appears to provide a sensory input while a lower Nerve Tract connects with the rest of the colony. The Nerve cell cluster that gives rise to the lower Nerve Tract may relay information from the colony stem. The structure of the extensively innervated 9flask cells9 located around the bell margin suggests a secretory function. They are ideally placed to release chemical messengers or toxins into the jet of water that leaves the nectophore during each swim. The numerous nematocytes present on exposed nectophore ridges appear to have an entangling rather than a penetrating role. Movements of the velum, produced by conTraction of the Claus9 muscle system during backwards swimming, can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the surface epithelium even when the major Nerve Tracts serving the Nerve ring have been destroyed (confirming Mackie, 1964). Epithelial impulses generated by electrical stimulation elicit synaptic potentials in Claus9 muscle fibres. Their amplitude suggests a neural input in the vicinity of the Claus9 muscle system. The synaptic delay is