The Experts below are selected from a list of 19410 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sheng Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spasticity motor recovery and Neural Plasticity after stroke
Frontiers in Neurology, 2017Co-Authors: Sheng LiAbstract:Spasticity and weakness (spastic paresis) are the primary motor impairments after stroke and impose significant challenges for treatment and patient care. Spasticity emerges and disappears in the course of complete motor recovery. Spasticity and motor recovery are both related to Neural Plasticity after stroke. However, the relation between the two remains poorly understood among clinicians and researchers. Recovery of strength and motor function is mainly attributed to cortical plastic reorganization in the early recovery phase, while reticulospinal (RS) hyperexcitability as a result of maladaptive Plasticity, is the most plausible mechanism for post-stroke spasticity. It is important to differentiate and understand that motor recovery and spasticity have different underlying mechanisms. Facilitation and modulation of Neural Plasticity through rehabilitative strategies, such as early interventions with repetitive goal-oriented intensive therapy, appropriate non-invasive brain stimulation, and pharmacological agents, are the key to promote motor recovery. Individualized rehabilitation protocols could be developed to utilize or avoid the maladaptive Plasticity, such as RS hyperexcitability, in the course of motor recovery. Aggressive and appropriate spasticity management with botulinum toxin therapy is an example of how to create a transient plastic state of the neuromotor system that allows motor re-learning and recovery in chronic stages.
Aage R Moller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Neural Plasticity in tinnitus
Progress in Brain Research, 2011Co-Authors: Aage R MollerAbstract:1. There is evidence from many studies that plastic changes in the central nervous system are involved in causing many forms of tinnitus. 2. Expression of Neural Plasticity may cause symptoms of sensory system disorders by changing Neural processing and rerouting of information. 3. Rerouting of information through activation of Neural Plasticity may explain the occurrence of affective symptoms (mood disorders), phantom sensations, improved perceptual capabilities, or atypical sensory experiences such as phantom sensations, tinnitus, and neuropathic pain. 4. Changes in the processing of information may cause hyperacusis and distortion of sounds in connection with some forms of tinnitus. 5. There is evidence that the nonclassical auditory pathways in adults may be activated through expression of Neural Plasticity, causing cross-modal interaction in some individuals with tinnitus.
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Neural Plasticity: For Good and Bad
Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 2008Co-Authors: Aage R MollerAbstract:The brain’s ability to change its organization and function is necessary for normal development of the nervous system and it makes it possible to adapt to changing demands but it can also cause disorders when going awry. This property, known as Neural Plasticity, is only evident when induced, very much like genes. Plastic changes may be programmed and providing a “midcourse correction” during childhood development. If that is not executed in the normal way severe developmental disorders such as autism may results. Normal development of functions and anatomical organization of the brain and the spinal cord depend on appropriate sensory stimulation and motor activations. So-called enriched sensory environments have been shown to be beneficial for cognitive development and enriched acoustic environment may even slow the progression of age-related hearing loss. It is possible that the beneficial effect of physical exercise is achieved through activation of Neural Plasticity. The beneficial effect of training after trauma to the brain or spinal cord is mainly achieved through shifting functions from damaged brain area to other parts of the central nervous system and adapting these parts to take over the functions that are lost. This is accomplished through activation of Neural Plasticity. Plastic changes can also be harmful and cause symptoms and signs of disorders such as some forms of chronic pain (central neuropathic pain) and severe tinnitus. We will call such disorders “Plasticity disorders”.
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Neural Plasticity in tinnitus.
Progress in Brain Research, 2006Co-Authors: Aage R MollerAbstract:Abstract Two distinctly different kinds of tinnitus occur: objective and subjective tinnitus. Objective tinnitus is caused by sounds generated in the body while subjective tinnitus is caused by abnormal Neural activity that is not evoked by sound. This chapter discusses subjective tinnitus. Subjective tinnitus has many forms. In most forms of tinnitus the anatomical location of the physiological abnormality is in the central nervous system, although the sensation is often referred to one ear or both ears. The cause of most forms of subjective tinnitus is the changes that have occurred as a result of expression of Neural Plasticity, thus a form of reprogramming of the brain that is not to the benefit of the individual person. Tinnitus often occurs together with hearing loss, indicating that the expression of Neural Plasticity has been evoked by deprivation of input. Tinnitus is often accompanied by hyperacusis, and sometimes phonophobia and depression, indicating altered processing of auditory information or rerouting of information. Several studies have brought evidence that some forms of tinnitus are associated with an abnormal involvement of the nonclassical (extralemniscal, diffuse, or polysensory) auditory pathways that bypass the primary auditory cerebral cortex and provide subcortical connections to limbic structures among others. There is no general treatment for tinnitus, but there are several treatments that can alleviate or reduce the tinnitus in some patients.
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Neural Plasticity and disorders of the nervous system
2006Co-Authors: Aage R MollerAbstract:Introduction 1. Anatomical and physiological basis for Neural Plasticity 2. Nerves 3.Sensory systems 4. Pain 5. Movement disorders 6. Cranial nerves and neurotology.
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Symptoms and signs caused by Neural Plasticity.
Neurological Research, 2001Co-Authors: Aage R MollerAbstract:AbstractPlastic changes in the central nervous system are associated with hyperactivity, hypersensitivity, and spread of activity including activation of brain regions that are not typically involved. Symptoms and signs such as neuropathic pain and tinnitus and hyperactive disorders such as muscle spasm and synkinesis may result from such changes in function. Plastic changes that cause symptoms of diseases can be initiated by novel stimulations, overstimulation, or deprivation of input and the induced changes in the function of central nervous system structures may persist and aggravate after these events have ceased if the condition is not reversed. Disorders that are caused by Neural Plasticity are potentially reversible with treatment. However, the absence of morphologic abnormalities makes diagnosis of these conditions difficult and their treatment has been hampered by lack of understanding of their pathophysiology. Here the role of Neural Plasticity in the pathophysiology of several disorders is revi...
Shin-ichi Izumi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural Plasticity on Body Representations: Advancing Translational Rehabilitation.
Neural Plasticity, 2016Co-Authors: Naoyuki Takeuchi, Shin-ichi Izumi, Jun UedaAbstract:Various physical/mental disorders lead to changes in body representation in the brain that could significantly impact the daily life and function. Advances in noninvasive brain imaging technologies have increased our understanding of Neural Plasticity that induces functional and structural changes in the central nervous system. Although some Neural Plasticity aids in the acquisition of new skills and compensates for a loss of function in the body, it has been reported that injury and excessive training drive Neural Plasticity to maladaptive directions. This Neural Plasticity is called “maladaptive Plasticity” that inhibits complete recovery after injury [1]. This phenomenon is well investigated in body representations after amputation. Maladaptive Plasticity after amputation is associated with increased local reorganization within and/or beyond the deafferented sensorimotor cortex [2]. One remote effect of this phenomenon is the reduction of hemispheric asymmetry after amputation, which may reflect the interhemispheric imbalance induced by such reorganization of the deafferented sensorimotor cortex and/or use-dependent changes in the overused intact limb representation.
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rehabilitation with poststroke motor recovery a review with a focus on Neural Plasticity
Stroke Research and Treatment, 2013Co-Authors: Naoyuki Takeuchi, Shin-ichi IzumiAbstract:Motor recovery after stroke is related to Neural Plasticity, which involves developing new neuronal interconnections, acquiring new functions, and compensating for impairment. However, Neural Plasticity is impaired in the stroke-affected hemisphere. Therefore, it is important that motor recovery therapies facilitate Neural Plasticity to compensate for functional loss. Stroke rehabilitation programs should include meaningful, repetitive, intensive, and task-specific movement training in an enriched environment to promote Neural Plasticity and motor recovery. Various novel stroke rehabilitation techniques for motor recovery have been developed based on basic science and clinical studies of Neural Plasticity. However, the effectiveness of rehabilitative interventions among patients with stroke varies widely because the mechanisms underlying motor recovery are heterogeneous. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies have been developed to evaluate the heterogeneity of mechanisms underlying motor recovery for effective rehabilitation interventions after stroke. Here, we review novel stroke rehabilitation techniques associated with Neural Plasticity and discuss individualized strategies to identify appropriate therapeutic goals, prevent maladaptive Plasticity, and maximize functional gain in patients with stroke.
Christine M Sapienza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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translating principles of Neural Plasticity into research on speech motor control recovery and rehabilitation
Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2008Co-Authors: Christy L Ludlow, Jeannette D Hoit, Ray D Kent, Lorraine O Ramig, Rahul Shrivastav, Edythe A Strand, Kathryn M Yorkston, Christine M SapienzaAbstract:Purpose To review the principles of Neural Plasticity and make recommendations for research on the Neural bases for rehabilitation of neurogenic speech disorders. Method A working group in speech motor control and disorders developed this report, which examines the potential relevance of basic research on the brain mechanisms involved in Neural Plasticity and discusses possible similarities and differences for application to speech motor control disorders. The possible involvement of Neural Plasticity in changes in speech production in normalcy, development, aging, and neurological diseases and disorders was considered. This report focuses on the appropriate use of functional and structural neuroimaging and the design of feasibility studies aimed at understanding how brain mechanisms are altered by environmental manipulations such as training and stimulation and how these changes might enhance the future development of rehabilitative methods for persons with speech motor control disorders. Conclusions Inc...
Naoyuki Takeuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural Plasticity on Body Representations: Advancing Translational Rehabilitation.
Neural Plasticity, 2016Co-Authors: Naoyuki Takeuchi, Shin-ichi Izumi, Jun UedaAbstract:Various physical/mental disorders lead to changes in body representation in the brain that could significantly impact the daily life and function. Advances in noninvasive brain imaging technologies have increased our understanding of Neural Plasticity that induces functional and structural changes in the central nervous system. Although some Neural Plasticity aids in the acquisition of new skills and compensates for a loss of function in the body, it has been reported that injury and excessive training drive Neural Plasticity to maladaptive directions. This Neural Plasticity is called “maladaptive Plasticity” that inhibits complete recovery after injury [1]. This phenomenon is well investigated in body representations after amputation. Maladaptive Plasticity after amputation is associated with increased local reorganization within and/or beyond the deafferented sensorimotor cortex [2]. One remote effect of this phenomenon is the reduction of hemispheric asymmetry after amputation, which may reflect the interhemispheric imbalance induced by such reorganization of the deafferented sensorimotor cortex and/or use-dependent changes in the overused intact limb representation.
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rehabilitation with poststroke motor recovery a review with a focus on Neural Plasticity
Stroke Research and Treatment, 2013Co-Authors: Naoyuki Takeuchi, Shin-ichi IzumiAbstract:Motor recovery after stroke is related to Neural Plasticity, which involves developing new neuronal interconnections, acquiring new functions, and compensating for impairment. However, Neural Plasticity is impaired in the stroke-affected hemisphere. Therefore, it is important that motor recovery therapies facilitate Neural Plasticity to compensate for functional loss. Stroke rehabilitation programs should include meaningful, repetitive, intensive, and task-specific movement training in an enriched environment to promote Neural Plasticity and motor recovery. Various novel stroke rehabilitation techniques for motor recovery have been developed based on basic science and clinical studies of Neural Plasticity. However, the effectiveness of rehabilitative interventions among patients with stroke varies widely because the mechanisms underlying motor recovery are heterogeneous. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies have been developed to evaluate the heterogeneity of mechanisms underlying motor recovery for effective rehabilitation interventions after stroke. Here, we review novel stroke rehabilitation techniques associated with Neural Plasticity and discuss individualized strategies to identify appropriate therapeutic goals, prevent maladaptive Plasticity, and maximize functional gain in patients with stroke.