The Experts below are selected from a list of 47043 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bruce Fischl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studying Neuroanatomy using MRI
Nature Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Jason P Lerch, André J W Van Der Kouwe, Armin Raznahan, Tomáš Paus, Heidi Johansen-berg, Karla L Miller, Stephen M Smith, Bruce Fischl, Stamatios N SotiropoulosAbstract:The study of Neuroanatomy using imaging enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and change with development, aging and disease. Developments in MRI acquisition, image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances. However, MRI provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate. Thus, artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI. In this review we provide an overview of the methods for measuring macro- and mesoscopic structure and for inferring microstructural properties; we also describe key artifacts and confounds that can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ultimately, we believe that, although methods need to improve and caution is required in interpretation, structural MRI continues to have great promise in furthering our understanding of how the brain works. The study of Neuroanatomy using MRI enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and how they change with development, aging and disease. The authors provide an overview of the methods for measuring the brain and also describe key artifacts and confounds
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studying Neuroanatomy using mri
Nature Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Jason P Lerch, André J W Van Der Kouwe, Armin Raznahan, Tomáš Paus, Karla L Miller, Stephen M Smith, Bruce Fischl, Heidi JohansenbergAbstract:The study of Neuroanatomy using imaging enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and change with development, aging and disease. Developments in MRI acquisition, image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances. However, MRI provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate. Thus, artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI. In this review we provide an overview of the methods for measuring macro- and mesoscopic structure and for inferring microstructural properties; we also describe key artifacts and confounds that can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ultimately, we believe that, although methods need to improve and caution is required in interpretation, structural MRI continues to have great promise in furthering our understanding of how the brain works.
Prasanna Tadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neuroanatomy, Suboccipital Nerve
2020Co-Authors: Steven Graefe, Prasanna TadiAbstract:The suboccipital nerve, also known as the dorsal ramus of the first cervical nerve, arises from the posterior ramus of the C1 nerve. The primary function of the suboccipital nerve is the innervation of the suboccipital muscles. These muscles include the rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, and the semispinalis capitis. The suboccipital nerve emerges from the central canal of the spinal cord and travels inferiorly between the occipital bone and superiorly to the posterior arch of the C1 (atlas) vertebrae. Throughout the path, the suboccipital nerve travels closely with the vertebral artery. Hence, if the vertebral artery were to incur injury near the suboccipital triangle, the suboccipital nerve may likely be damaged as well. The ultimate destination of this nerve is to the suboccipital area of the posterior neck, where it branches to innervate the suboccipital muscles. These muscles are involved in postural control of the head, mainly functioning in head extension and rotation. Occasionally, the suboccipital nerve gives off a cutaneous branch that connects to either the greater or lesser occipital nerves, and this anatomical variation may play a role in occipital neuralgia and cervicogenic headaches.
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Neuroanatomy reticular activating system
StatPearls, 2019Co-Authors: Joseph H Arguinchona, Prasanna TadiAbstract:The reticular activating system (RAS) is a component of the reticular formation in vertebrate brains located throughout the brainstem. Between the brainstem and the cortex, multiple neuronal circuits ultimately contribute to the RAS.[1] These circuits function to allow the brain to modulate between slow sleep rhythms and fast sleep rhythms, as seen on EEG. By doing this, the nuclei that form the RAS play a significant role in coordinating both the sleep-wake cycle and wakefulness. The groupings of neurons that together make up the RAS are ultimately responsible for attention, arousal, modulation of muscle tone, and the ability to focus.[2]
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"StatPearls" - Neuroanatomy, Nucleus Gracilis
2019Co-Authors: Siddharth Chopra, Prasanna TadiAbstract:Several ascending and descending tracts are present in the spinal cord. The three most important tracts in the spinal cord are: Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Pathway - This is an ascending sensory tract. Spinothalamic Tract - This is also an ascending sensory tract. Corticospinal Tract - This is a descending motor pathway which has the UMN and the LMN. The gracile nucleus, along with the cuneate nucleus is a part of the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway (DCML). The gracile nucleus situates in the midline dorsal medulla at the junction of the brainstem and the spinal cord. The gracile fasciculus which carries sensory input from vertebral level T6 and below ascends into the gracile nucleus to form the gracile tubercle. The cuneate fasciculus carries information from T6 and above, and ascends into the cuneate nucleus to form the cuneate tubercle. These tubercles appear as bumps on the dorsal part of the medulla.
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"StatPearls" - Neuroanatomy, Fourth Ventricle
2019Co-Authors: Zachary K. Roesch, Prasanna TadiAbstract:The ventricles of the brain are the sites of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. The lateral ventricles are the largest, and most proximal, ventricles in the CNS. CSF produced in the lateral ventricles goes into the interventricular foramen of Monro. The interventricular foramen of Monro connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle. The third ventricle connects to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius. CSF flows through this entire pathway and then exits the fourth ventricle into the surrounding CNS tissue or the central spinal canal. This article will focus on the anatomy, function, and clinical relevance of the fourth ventricle.[1]
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Neuroanatomy precentral gyrus
StatPearls, 2019Co-Authors: Linnea Banker, Prasanna TadiAbstract:The precentral gyrus is on the lateral surface of each frontal lobe, anterior to the central sulcus. It runs parallel to the central sulcus and extends to the precentral sulcus.[1] The primary motor cortex is located within the precentral gyrus and is responsible for the control of voluntary motor movement. Since the precentral gyrus is the location of the primary motor cortex, several motor pathways originate within it. The corticospinal tract, corticobulbar tract, and cortico-rubrospinal tract all begin within the precentral gyrus.[2]
Tomáš Paus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studying Neuroanatomy using MRI
Nature Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Jason P Lerch, André J W Van Der Kouwe, Armin Raznahan, Tomáš Paus, Heidi Johansen-berg, Karla L Miller, Stephen M Smith, Bruce Fischl, Stamatios N SotiropoulosAbstract:The study of Neuroanatomy using imaging enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and change with development, aging and disease. Developments in MRI acquisition, image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances. However, MRI provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate. Thus, artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI. In this review we provide an overview of the methods for measuring macro- and mesoscopic structure and for inferring microstructural properties; we also describe key artifacts and confounds that can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ultimately, we believe that, although methods need to improve and caution is required in interpretation, structural MRI continues to have great promise in furthering our understanding of how the brain works. The study of Neuroanatomy using MRI enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and how they change with development, aging and disease. The authors provide an overview of the methods for measuring the brain and also describe key artifacts and confounds
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studying Neuroanatomy using mri
Nature Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Jason P Lerch, André J W Van Der Kouwe, Armin Raznahan, Tomáš Paus, Karla L Miller, Stephen M Smith, Bruce Fischl, Heidi JohansenbergAbstract:The study of Neuroanatomy using imaging enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and change with development, aging and disease. Developments in MRI acquisition, image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances. However, MRI provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate. Thus, artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI. In this review we provide an overview of the methods for measuring macro- and mesoscopic structure and for inferring microstructural properties; we also describe key artifacts and confounds that can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ultimately, we believe that, although methods need to improve and caution is required in interpretation, structural MRI continues to have great promise in furthering our understanding of how the brain works.
Jason P Lerch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studying Neuroanatomy using MRI
Nature Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Jason P Lerch, André J W Van Der Kouwe, Armin Raznahan, Tomáš Paus, Heidi Johansen-berg, Karla L Miller, Stephen M Smith, Bruce Fischl, Stamatios N SotiropoulosAbstract:The study of Neuroanatomy using imaging enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and change with development, aging and disease. Developments in MRI acquisition, image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances. However, MRI provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate. Thus, artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI. In this review we provide an overview of the methods for measuring macro- and mesoscopic structure and for inferring microstructural properties; we also describe key artifacts and confounds that can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ultimately, we believe that, although methods need to improve and caution is required in interpretation, structural MRI continues to have great promise in furthering our understanding of how the brain works. The study of Neuroanatomy using MRI enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and how they change with development, aging and disease. The authors provide an overview of the methods for measuring the brain and also describe key artifacts and confounds
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studying Neuroanatomy using mri
Nature Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Jason P Lerch, André J W Van Der Kouwe, Armin Raznahan, Tomáš Paus, Karla L Miller, Stephen M Smith, Bruce Fischl, Heidi JohansenbergAbstract:The study of Neuroanatomy using imaging enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and change with development, aging and disease. Developments in MRI acquisition, image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances. However, MRI provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate. Thus, artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI. In this review we provide an overview of the methods for measuring macro- and mesoscopic structure and for inferring microstructural properties; we also describe key artifacts and confounds that can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ultimately, we believe that, although methods need to improve and caution is required in interpretation, structural MRI continues to have great promise in furthering our understanding of how the brain works.
Larry R Squire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Neuroanatomy of remote memory
Neuron, 2005Co-Authors: Peter J Bayley, Jeffrey J Gold, Ramona O Hopkins, Larry R SquireAbstract:In humans and experimental animals, damage to the hippocampus or related medial temporal lobe structures severely impairs the formation of new memory but typically spares very remote memory. Questions remain about the importance of these structures for the storage and retrieval of remote autobiographical memory. We carried out a detailed volumetric analysis of structural brain images from eight memory-impaired patients. Five of the patients had damage limited mainly to the medial temporal lobe. These patients performed normally on tests of remote autobiographical memory. Three patients had medial temporal lobe damage plus significant additional damage to neocortex, and these patients were severely impaired. These findings account for previously reported differences in the recollective ability of memory-impaired patients and demonstrate that the ability to recollect remote autobiographical events depends not on the medial temporal lobe but on widely distributed neocortical areas, especially the frontal, lateral temporal, and occipital lobes.
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Neuroanatomy of Memory
Annual Review of Neuroscience, 1993Co-Authors: Stuart Zola-morgan, Larry R SquireAbstract:Three important developments have occurred in the area of memory during the past decade. The first was the recognition that there is more than one kind of memory (Cohen 1984; Schacter 1987; Squire 1982; Tulving 1985). Declarative memory (or, explicit memory) affords the capacity for con scious recollections about facts and events. This is the kind of memory that is usually referred to when the terms "memory" or "remembering" are used in ordinary language. Declarative memory can be contrasted with nondeclarative (or implicit) memory, a heterogeneous collection of nonconscious abilities that includes the learning of skills and habits, prim ing, and some forms of classical conditioning. In these cases, experience cumulates in behavioral change, but without affording access to any memory content. The distinction between declarative and nondeclarative memory is fundamental, because it has turned out that different kinds of memory are supported by different brain systems. The second important development was the establishment of an animal model of human amnesia in the monkey (Mahut & Moss 1984; Mishkin 1982; Squire & Zola-Morgan 1983). In the 1950s, Scoville & Milner (1957) described the severe amnesia that followed bilateral surgical removal of the medial temporal lobe (patient H.M.). This important case demon strated that memory is a distinct cerebral function, dissociable from other perceptual and cognitive abilities. Subsequently, surgical lesions of the medial temporai iobe in monkeys, which approximated the damage sus tained by patient H.M., were shown to reproduce many features of human memory impairment . In particular, both monkeys and humans were
