The Experts below are selected from a list of 1173 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Nora D. Volkow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Naloxone precipitated withdrawal increases dopamine release in the dorsal striatum of opioid dependent men
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ehsan Shokri-kojori, Gene-jack Wang, Nora D. Volkow
    Abstract:

    AbstractDopamine (DA) neurotransmission is critical in the Neurobiology of Reward and aversion, but its contribution to the aversive state of opioid withdrawal remains unknown in humans. To address this, we used updated voxelwise methods and retrospectively analyzed a [11C]raclopride-PET dataset to measure D2/3 receptor availability and relative cerebral blood flow (R1) in male opioid use disorder (OUD) participants (n = 10) during placebo and acute opioid withdrawal conditions. We found that acute withdrawal precipitated by the opioid antagonist naloxone significantly increased dorsal striatal DA release in OUD participants (pFWE < 0.05). Net changes in striatal DA were significantly correlated with a subjective index of withdrawal aversion such that greater DA increases were associated with more aversive responses (r(8) = 0.82, p < 0.005). Withdrawal also affected brain function, as indexed by increases in relative cerebral blood flow in the insula and putamen (pFWE < 0.05). Our findings are different from preclinical studies that have primarily reported decreases in ventral striatal DA during naloxone precipitated withdrawal, whereas this effect was not significant in OUD participants (p = 0.79). In sum, we provide evidence for the contribution of increases in dorsal striatal DA to the aversive state of naloxone precipitated withdrawal in humans.

  • Naloxone precipitated withdrawal increases dopamine release in the dorsal striatum of opioid dependent men
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2021
    Co-Authors: Ehsan Shokri-kojori, Gene-jack Wang, Nora D. Volkow
    Abstract:

    Abstract Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is critical in the Neurobiology of Reward and aversion, but its contribution to the aversive state of opioid withdrawal remains unknown in humans. To address this, we used updated voxelwise methods and retrospectively analyzed a [11C]raclopride-PET dataset to measure D2/3 receptor availability and relative cerebral blood flow (R1) in male opioid use disorder (OUD) participants (n = 10) during placebo and acute opioid withdrawal conditions. We found that acute withdrawal precipitated by the opioid antagonist naloxone significantly increased dorsal striatal DA release in OUD participants (p FWE 

Robert Ranaldi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neurobiology of Reward related learning
    Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ewa Galaj, Robert Ranaldi
    Abstract:

    A major goal in psychology is to understand how environmental stimuli associated with primary Rewards come to function as conditioned stimuli, acquiring the capacity to elicit similar responses to those elicited by primary Rewards. Our neurobiological model is predicated on the Hebbian idea that concurrent synaptic activity on the primary Reward neural substrate-proposed to be ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons-strengthens the synapses involved. We propose that VTA DA neurons receive both a strong unconditioned stimulus signal (acetylcholine stimulation of DA cells) from the primary Reward capable of unconditionally activating DA cells and a weak stimulus signal (glutamate stimulation of DA cells) from the neutral stimulus. Through joint stimulation the weak signal is potentiated and capable of activating the VTA DA cells, eliciting a conditioned response. The learning occurs when this joint stimulation initiates intracellular second-messenger cascades resulting in enhanced glutamate-DA synapses. In this review we present evidence that led us to propose this model and the most recent evidence supporting it.

Ehsan Shokri-kojori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Naloxone precipitated withdrawal increases dopamine release in the dorsal striatum of opioid dependent men
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ehsan Shokri-kojori, Gene-jack Wang, Nora D. Volkow
    Abstract:

    AbstractDopamine (DA) neurotransmission is critical in the Neurobiology of Reward and aversion, but its contribution to the aversive state of opioid withdrawal remains unknown in humans. To address this, we used updated voxelwise methods and retrospectively analyzed a [11C]raclopride-PET dataset to measure D2/3 receptor availability and relative cerebral blood flow (R1) in male opioid use disorder (OUD) participants (n = 10) during placebo and acute opioid withdrawal conditions. We found that acute withdrawal precipitated by the opioid antagonist naloxone significantly increased dorsal striatal DA release in OUD participants (pFWE < 0.05). Net changes in striatal DA were significantly correlated with a subjective index of withdrawal aversion such that greater DA increases were associated with more aversive responses (r(8) = 0.82, p < 0.005). Withdrawal also affected brain function, as indexed by increases in relative cerebral blood flow in the insula and putamen (pFWE < 0.05). Our findings are different from preclinical studies that have primarily reported decreases in ventral striatal DA during naloxone precipitated withdrawal, whereas this effect was not significant in OUD participants (p = 0.79). In sum, we provide evidence for the contribution of increases in dorsal striatal DA to the aversive state of naloxone precipitated withdrawal in humans.

  • Naloxone precipitated withdrawal increases dopamine release in the dorsal striatum of opioid dependent men
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2021
    Co-Authors: Ehsan Shokri-kojori, Gene-jack Wang, Nora D. Volkow
    Abstract:

    Abstract Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is critical in the Neurobiology of Reward and aversion, but its contribution to the aversive state of opioid withdrawal remains unknown in humans. To address this, we used updated voxelwise methods and retrospectively analyzed a [11C]raclopride-PET dataset to measure D2/3 receptor availability and relative cerebral blood flow (R1) in male opioid use disorder (OUD) participants (n = 10) during placebo and acute opioid withdrawal conditions. We found that acute withdrawal precipitated by the opioid antagonist naloxone significantly increased dorsal striatal DA release in OUD participants (p FWE 

C Buchel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the genetic basis of individual differences in Reward processing and the link to addictive behavior and social cognition
    Neuroscience, 2009
    Co-Authors: J Yacubian, C Buchel
    Abstract:

    Dopaminergic neurotransmission is widely recognized to be critical to the Neurobiology of Reward, motivation and addiction. Interestingly, social interactions and related behavior also activate the same neuronal system. Consequently, genetic variations of dopamine neurotransmission are thought influence Reward processing that in turn may affect distinctive social behavior and susceptibility to addiction. This review focuses on advances made to date in an effort to link genetic individual variations and Reward processing as a possible basis for addictive behaviors.

  • the genetic basis of individual differences in Reward processing and the link to addictive behavior
    Handbook of Reward and Decision Making, 2009
    Co-Authors: J Yacubian, C Buchel
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on advances made to date in an effort to link genetic individual variations and Reward processing as a possible basis for addictive behaviors. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is widely recognized to be critical to the Neurobiology of Reward, motivation, and addiction. Genetic variation in several key dopaminergic subsystems, presumably resulting in altered central dopaminergic tone and neurotransmission, has been associated with various aspects of personality and temperament as well as susceptibility to addiction. However, enthusiasm for the potential of such genetic variation to addiction has been tempered by inconsistent results and failed attempts to replicate specific associations. Such inconsistency may reflect the underlying biological nature of the relationship between allelic variants in dopamine-related genes, each of presumably slight effect, and observable behaviors that as a rule reproduce complex functional interactions. Thus, functional polymorphisms in dopamine-related genes might have marked influence upon the functionality of these underlying neural systems and intermediate their final effect on behavior.

Ewa Galaj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neurobiology of Reward related learning
    Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ewa Galaj, Robert Ranaldi
    Abstract:

    A major goal in psychology is to understand how environmental stimuli associated with primary Rewards come to function as conditioned stimuli, acquiring the capacity to elicit similar responses to those elicited by primary Rewards. Our neurobiological model is predicated on the Hebbian idea that concurrent synaptic activity on the primary Reward neural substrate-proposed to be ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons-strengthens the synapses involved. We propose that VTA DA neurons receive both a strong unconditioned stimulus signal (acetylcholine stimulation of DA cells) from the primary Reward capable of unconditionally activating DA cells and a weak stimulus signal (glutamate stimulation of DA cells) from the neutral stimulus. Through joint stimulation the weak signal is potentiated and capable of activating the VTA DA cells, eliciting a conditioned response. The learning occurs when this joint stimulation initiates intracellular second-messenger cascades resulting in enhanced glutamate-DA synapses. In this review we present evidence that led us to propose this model and the most recent evidence supporting it.