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John F. Kurtzke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Further considerations on the distribution of multiple sclerosis in Sweden.
Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2005Co-Authors: Anne-marie Landtblom, Trond Riise, John F. KurtzkeAbstract:Recently a paper in Neuroepidemiology described the distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) from mortality and disability compensation data from Sweden, and compared these with similar data on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease (1). There was a strong linear correlation between the MS death rates (median year 1972) and those for disability rates (median year 1983) by county of residence: the intercept for y ¼ 0 (deaths) was at almost 80% for x (disability). This results from a variation in the disability rates that was smaller than that of the death rates, and suggests considerable geographic diffusion of the disease over time. Were the rates proportionately stable by region, the regression line would have gone through 0 on both x and y. To explore further this important point, we chose this opportunity to compare both of these MS distributions directly
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Regional North American Annual Meeting of the World Federation of Neurology – Research Group on Neuroepidemiology
Neuroepidemiology, 1996Co-Authors: Adriano Chiò, Corrado Magnani, Davide Schiffer, Mary Jo Lanska, Douglas J. Lanska, Robert J. Baumann, William F. Page, Thomas M. Mack, John F. Kurtzke, Frances M. MurphyAbstract:s: Oral Presentations Annual Regional North American Meeting, Neuroepidemiology Research Group, 2008 Neuroepidemiology 2008;30:129–136 132 each SNP were calculated separately for men and women by a logistic regression allelic score test after controlling for age. Under the null hypothesis of no association the distribution of p values would be uniform with an expected mean p value of 0.5. We tested this null against the alternative hypothesis of a mean p value less than 0.5 using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: The mean p value of 0.43 was statistically significantly less than expected mean under the null (Wilcoxon’s V = 1,038, experiment-wise p = 0.014). A post-hoc analysis found that nine percent of the SNP associations tested were significant at the 0.05 level, about twice what would be expected due to random chance. Conclusions: These data are consistent with the involvement of calcium-related processes in age-associated cognitive decline. Experiment-wise hypothesis testing may provide a statistically efficient way of testing mechanistically related genes for association with phenotype or disease.
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regional north american annual meeting of the world federation of neurology research group on Neuroepidemiology
Neuroepidemiology, 1996Co-Authors: Adriano Chiò, Corrado Magnani, Davide Schiffer, Mary Jo Lanska, Douglas J. Lanska, Robert J. Baumann, William F. Page, Thomas M. Mack, John F. Kurtzke, Frances M. MurphyAbstract:s: Oral Presentations Annual Regional North American Meeting, Neuroepidemiology Research Group, 2008 Neuroepidemiology 2008;30:129–136 132 each SNP were calculated separately for men and women by a logistic regression allelic score test after controlling for age. Under the null hypothesis of no association the distribution of p values would be uniform with an expected mean p value of 0.5. We tested this null against the alternative hypothesis of a mean p value less than 0.5 using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: The mean p value of 0.43 was statistically significantly less than expected mean under the null (Wilcoxon’s V = 1,038, experiment-wise p = 0.014). A post-hoc analysis found that nine percent of the SNP associations tested were significant at the 0.05 level, about twice what would be expected due to random chance. Conclusions: These data are consistent with the involvement of calcium-related processes in age-associated cognitive decline. Experiment-wise hypothesis testing may provide a statistically efficient way of testing mechanistically related genes for association with phenotype or disease.
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AN INTRODUCTION TO Neuroepidemiology
Neurologic clinics, 1996Co-Authors: John F. KurtzkeAbstract:Neuroepidemiology is the application of the methods of epidemiology to the problems of clinical neurology. After diagnosis, the most basic characterization of a disease is its frequency. This characterization requires ascertainment of case (numerator) within their population at risk (denominator) to provide incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates. Mortality rates come from government publications, and morbidity rates (incidence and prevalence) from specific field surveys. Definition of the course of illness and identification of risk factors for occurrence or course require specific studies and appropriate statistical testing.
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Epilepsy: Frequency, Causes and Consequences
Archives of Neurology, 1992Co-Authors: John F. KurtzkeAbstract:This book has been compiled for the Epilepsy Foundation of America by Allen Hauser and his associate at the Sergievsky Center of Columbia University, New York, NY. Hauser has long been a most productive investigator and teacher in neurology and Neuroepidemiology and, in particular, the epidemiology of the epilepsies. This work, then, may properly be taken as an authoritative exposition of the state of the art. Epilepsy consists of 10 chapters plus a rather short glossary and index. In order, they are as follows: "Incidence and Prevalence," "Risk Factors," "Genetics," "Prevention," "Pregnancy and Teratogenesis," "Prognosis," "Intellectual and Psychological Factors," "Employment," "Mortality," and "Seizures and Developmental Disabilities." Each chapter begins with a summary and ends with suggestions for future research, followed by a critically annotated and highly appropriate list of references. These last are current, with several from 1989 and more than a few "in press" or "submitted." The studies reviewed
Frances M. Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regional North American Annual Meeting of the World Federation of Neurology – Research Group on Neuroepidemiology
Neuroepidemiology, 1996Co-Authors: Adriano Chiò, Corrado Magnani, Davide Schiffer, Mary Jo Lanska, Douglas J. Lanska, Robert J. Baumann, William F. Page, Thomas M. Mack, John F. Kurtzke, Frances M. MurphyAbstract:s: Oral Presentations Annual Regional North American Meeting, Neuroepidemiology Research Group, 2008 Neuroepidemiology 2008;30:129–136 132 each SNP were calculated separately for men and women by a logistic regression allelic score test after controlling for age. Under the null hypothesis of no association the distribution of p values would be uniform with an expected mean p value of 0.5. We tested this null against the alternative hypothesis of a mean p value less than 0.5 using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: The mean p value of 0.43 was statistically significantly less than expected mean under the null (Wilcoxon’s V = 1,038, experiment-wise p = 0.014). A post-hoc analysis found that nine percent of the SNP associations tested were significant at the 0.05 level, about twice what would be expected due to random chance. Conclusions: These data are consistent with the involvement of calcium-related processes in age-associated cognitive decline. Experiment-wise hypothesis testing may provide a statistically efficient way of testing mechanistically related genes for association with phenotype or disease.
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regional north american annual meeting of the world federation of neurology research group on Neuroepidemiology
Neuroepidemiology, 1996Co-Authors: Adriano Chiò, Corrado Magnani, Davide Schiffer, Mary Jo Lanska, Douglas J. Lanska, Robert J. Baumann, William F. Page, Thomas M. Mack, John F. Kurtzke, Frances M. MurphyAbstract:s: Oral Presentations Annual Regional North American Meeting, Neuroepidemiology Research Group, 2008 Neuroepidemiology 2008;30:129–136 132 each SNP were calculated separately for men and women by a logistic regression allelic score test after controlling for age. Under the null hypothesis of no association the distribution of p values would be uniform with an expected mean p value of 0.5. We tested this null against the alternative hypothesis of a mean p value less than 0.5 using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: The mean p value of 0.43 was statistically significantly less than expected mean under the null (Wilcoxon’s V = 1,038, experiment-wise p = 0.014). A post-hoc analysis found that nine percent of the SNP associations tested were significant at the 0.05 level, about twice what would be expected due to random chance. Conclusions: These data are consistent with the involvement of calcium-related processes in age-associated cognitive decline. Experiment-wise hypothesis testing may provide a statistically efficient way of testing mechanistically related genes for association with phenotype or disease.
Robert J. Baumann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neuroepidemiology of HIV/AIDS.
Handbook of clinical neurology, 2007Co-Authors: Robert J. Baumann, Patricio S. EspinosaAbstract:Publisher Summary The acute manifestations of HIV infection seldom involve the nervous system; nervous system infection and manifestations occur later in the course of the illness. HIV can injure the nervous system directly (as with HIV dementia) or indirectly by making it susceptible to other infections—such as toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus (CMV)—or to neoplasms, such as CNS lymphoma. These manifestations of HIV usually occur after profound immunosuppression is present. Peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent of the neurological complications associated with adult HIV infection, though it is seldom seen in children. Neuropathy seldom appears until there is moderate to severe immunosuppression from the HIV infection. Most of the data about neurological complications come from therapeutic trials and specialized clinics. A variety of factors, including varying treatment protocols, patient attrition, poor adherence to regimen, and co-morbid conditions, tend to render therapies less effective in general practice than in these specialized settings. This is especially important because the prevalence and manifestations of neurological complications, especially dementia, vary depending upon the overall efficacy of therapy.
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Neuroepidemiology of hiv aids
Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2007Co-Authors: Robert J. Baumann, Patricio S. EspinosaAbstract:Publisher Summary The acute manifestations of HIV infection seldom involve the nervous system; nervous system infection and manifestations occur later in the course of the illness. HIV can injure the nervous system directly (as with HIV dementia) or indirectly by making it susceptible to other infections—such as toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus (CMV)—or to neoplasms, such as CNS lymphoma. These manifestations of HIV usually occur after profound immunosuppression is present. Peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent of the neurological complications associated with adult HIV infection, though it is seldom seen in children. Neuropathy seldom appears until there is moderate to severe immunosuppression from the HIV infection. Most of the data about neurological complications come from therapeutic trials and specialized clinics. A variety of factors, including varying treatment protocols, patient attrition, poor adherence to regimen, and co-morbid conditions, tend to render therapies less effective in general practice than in these specialized settings. This is especially important because the prevalence and manifestations of neurological complications, especially dementia, vary depending upon the overall efficacy of therapy.
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Regional North American Annual Meeting of the World Federation of Neurology – Research Group on Neuroepidemiology
Neuroepidemiology, 1996Co-Authors: Adriano Chiò, Corrado Magnani, Davide Schiffer, Mary Jo Lanska, Douglas J. Lanska, Robert J. Baumann, William F. Page, Thomas M. Mack, John F. Kurtzke, Frances M. MurphyAbstract:s: Oral Presentations Annual Regional North American Meeting, Neuroepidemiology Research Group, 2008 Neuroepidemiology 2008;30:129–136 132 each SNP were calculated separately for men and women by a logistic regression allelic score test after controlling for age. Under the null hypothesis of no association the distribution of p values would be uniform with an expected mean p value of 0.5. We tested this null against the alternative hypothesis of a mean p value less than 0.5 using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: The mean p value of 0.43 was statistically significantly less than expected mean under the null (Wilcoxon’s V = 1,038, experiment-wise p = 0.014). A post-hoc analysis found that nine percent of the SNP associations tested were significant at the 0.05 level, about twice what would be expected due to random chance. Conclusions: These data are consistent with the involvement of calcium-related processes in age-associated cognitive decline. Experiment-wise hypothesis testing may provide a statistically efficient way of testing mechanistically related genes for association with phenotype or disease.
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regional north american annual meeting of the world federation of neurology research group on Neuroepidemiology
Neuroepidemiology, 1996Co-Authors: Adriano Chiò, Corrado Magnani, Davide Schiffer, Mary Jo Lanska, Douglas J. Lanska, Robert J. Baumann, William F. Page, Thomas M. Mack, John F. Kurtzke, Frances M. MurphyAbstract:s: Oral Presentations Annual Regional North American Meeting, Neuroepidemiology Research Group, 2008 Neuroepidemiology 2008;30:129–136 132 each SNP were calculated separately for men and women by a logistic regression allelic score test after controlling for age. Under the null hypothesis of no association the distribution of p values would be uniform with an expected mean p value of 0.5. We tested this null against the alternative hypothesis of a mean p value less than 0.5 using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: The mean p value of 0.43 was statistically significantly less than expected mean under the null (Wilcoxon’s V = 1,038, experiment-wise p = 0.014). A post-hoc analysis found that nine percent of the SNP associations tested were significant at the 0.05 level, about twice what would be expected due to random chance. Conclusions: These data are consistent with the involvement of calcium-related processes in age-associated cognitive decline. Experiment-wise hypothesis testing may provide a statistically efficient way of testing mechanistically related genes for association with phenotype or disease.
Richard Letz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vibrotactile Threshold Testing in Occupational Health: A Review of Current Issues and Limitations1
Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health, 1994Co-Authors: Fredric Gerr, Richard LetzAbstract:Quantitative cutaneous vibrotactile threshold measurement has been proposed as a useful method for assessing peripheral nervous system function in occupational and environmental Neuroepidemiology. It allows rapid, quantitative, and nonaversive assessment of peripheral nervous system function. Acceptance of this method is currently limited, however, because of poor standardization of methods, the lack of data regarding the effects of age, gender, and other covariates, and minimal demonstration of association between vibrotactile threshold and conventional measures of peripheral nerve function. Data from a series of validation studies intended to address some of these problems are presented and relevant literature is discussed. Specifically, results of studies in which reliability and time efficiency of testing protocols were measured, the effects of covariates on measurement of vibrotactile threshold were estimated, and vibrotactile thresholds were compared to physical examination and electrophysiologic evaluation are discussed. Recommendations are made regarding choice and standardization of testing protocol, covariates, and issues for future research. © 1993 Academic Press, Inc.
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Vibrotactile Threshold Testing in Occupational Health: A Review of Current Issues and Limitations
Environmental research, 1993Co-Authors: Fredric Gerr, Richard LetzAbstract:Quantitative cutaneous vibrotactile threshold measurement has been proposed as a useful method for assessing peripheral nervous system function in occupational and environmental Neuroepidemiology. It allows rapid, quantitative, and nonaversive assessment of peripheral nervous system function. Acceptance of this method is currently limited, however, because of poor standardization of methods, the lack of data regarding the effects of age, gender, and other covariates, and minimal demonstration of association between vibrotactile threshold and conventional measures of peripheral nerve function. Data from a series of validation studies intended to address some of these problems are presented and relevant literature is discussed. Specifically, results of studies in which reliability and time efficiency of testing protocols were measured, the effects of covariates on measurement of vibrotactile threshold were estimated, and vibrotactile thresholds were compared to physical examination and electrophysiologic evaluation are discussed. Recommendations are made regarding choice and standardization of testing protocol, covariates, and issues for future research.
Thomas A. Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Neuroepidemiology of styrene : a critical review of representative literature
Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1994Co-Authors: Charles S. Rebert, Thomas A. HallAbstract:AbstractBecause exposure to styrene occurs commonly in some industries and styrene is highly lipid soluble, it is reasonable to be concerned about the possibility that styrene is neurotoxic. Styrene, like many other solvents, volatile anesthetics, and drugs, does, at certain concentrations, produce acute changes in consciousness with consequent alterations of feelings, cognition, and psychomotor functioning. Such acute actions do not imply that styrene also would produce reversible or irreversibledamage to the nervous system; the evaluation of long-term exposures to styrene also is necessary to draw conclusions about the full range of neural effects that styrene might produce. To that end, several studies of workers exposed to styrene for up to 30 years have been undertaken in factories in many parts of the world. Epidemiologists have suggested that neuropsychological deficits such as slowing of reaction time, loss of color vision, and vestibulooculomotor dysfunction are reliably induced by styrene at lev...
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The Neuroepidemiology of styrene: a critical review of representative literature.
Critical reviews in toxicology, 1994Co-Authors: Charles S. Rebert, Thomas A. HallAbstract:Because exposure to styrene occurs commonly in some industries and styrene is highly lipid soluble, it is reasonable to be concerned about the possibility that styrene is neurotoxic. Styrene, like many other solvents, volatile anesthetics, and drugs, does, at certain concentrations, produce acute changes in consciousness with consequent alterations of feelings, cognition, and psychomotor functioning. Such acute actions do not imply that styrene also would produce reversible or irreversible damage to the nervous system; the evaluation of long-term exposures to styrene also is necessary to draw conclusions about the full range of neural effects that styrene might produce. To that end, several studies of workers exposed to styrene for up to 30 years have been undertaken in factories in many parts of the world. Epidemiologists have suggested that neuropsychological deficits such as slowing of reaction time, loss of color vision, and vestibulooculomotor dysfunction are reliably induced by styrene at levels near or below current exposure standards, which range from 20 to 50 ppm in most of the world. However, the workers so studied always were described as healthy, and the effects noted were considered to be subclinical. A detailed evaluation of much of the neuroepidemiological literature on styrene (38 papers and related literature), however, indicated that the findings were, almost universally, false positive outcomes due to (1) type I statistical error, (2) the action of some factor other than styrene, and (3) misinterpretation of data. Despite the study of workers exposed for many years, no indications of persisting damage to the nervous system were evident from this review. The conclusions of this review of the Neuroepidemiology of styrene are consistent with those based on critical reviews of the solvent literature in general, with specific reference to the probable absence of such an entity as the "painter's syndrome" or "chronic toxic encephalopathy". Because the results on styrene neurotoxicity that provide an inclination to lower the current threshold limit values (TLVs) are false positive findings, there is no scientific basis for a reduction in the current TLV.