The Experts below are selected from a list of 66 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

S C Opava - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kevin Kit Parker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • traumatic brain injury and the Neuronal Microenvironment a potential role for neuropathological mechanotransduction
    Neuron, 2015
    Co-Authors: Matthew A Hemphill, Stephanie Dauth, Borna E Dabiri, Kevin Kit Parker
    Abstract:

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to several pathologies for which there is a lack of understanding of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. To elucidate injury mechanisms, it is important to consider how physical forces are transmitted and transduced across all spatial scales of the brain. Although the mechanical response of the brain is typically characterized by its material properties and biological structure, cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms also exist. Such mechanisms can affect physiological processes by responding to exogenous mechanical forces directed through sub-cellular components, such as extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules, to mechanosensitive intracellular structures that regulate mechanochemical signaling pathways. We suggest that cellular mechanotransduction may be an important mechanism underlying the initiation of cell and sub-cellular injuries ultimately responsible for the diffuse pathological damage and clinical symptoms observed in TBI, thereby providing potential therapeutic opportunities not previously explored in TBI.

Richard K Orkand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Matthew A Hemphill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • traumatic brain injury and the Neuronal Microenvironment a potential role for neuropathological mechanotransduction
    Neuron, 2015
    Co-Authors: Matthew A Hemphill, Stephanie Dauth, Borna E Dabiri, Kevin Kit Parker
    Abstract:

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to several pathologies for which there is a lack of understanding of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. To elucidate injury mechanisms, it is important to consider how physical forces are transmitted and transduced across all spatial scales of the brain. Although the mechanical response of the brain is typically characterized by its material properties and biological structure, cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms also exist. Such mechanisms can affect physiological processes by responding to exogenous mechanical forces directed through sub-cellular components, such as extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules, to mechanosensitive intracellular structures that regulate mechanochemical signaling pathways. We suggest that cellular mechanotransduction may be an important mechanism underlying the initiation of cell and sub-cellular injuries ultimately responsible for the diffuse pathological damage and clinical symptoms observed in TBI, thereby providing potential therapeutic opportunities not previously explored in TBI.

Xuemei Zong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • beneficial effects of theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation on stroke injury via improving Neuronal Microenvironment and mitochondrial integrity
    Translational Stroke Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xuemei Zong, Yan Dong, Luodan Yang, Baocheng Yang, Lorelei Tucker, Ningjun Zhao, Darrell W Brann, Xianliang Yan
    Abstract:

    Recent work suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may beneficially alter the pathological status of several neurological disorders, although the mechanism remains unclear. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of rTMS on behavioral deficits and potential underlying mechanisms in a rat photothrombotic (PT) stroke model. From day 0 (3 h) to day 5 after the establishment of PT stroke, 5-min daily continuous theta-burst rTMS (3 pulses of 50 Hz repeated every 200 ms, intensity at 200 G) was applied on the infarct hemisphere. We report that rTMS significantly attenuated behavioral deficits and infarct volume after PT stroke. Further investigation demonstrated that rTMS remarkably reduced synaptic loss and Neuronal degeneration in the peri-infarct cortical region. Mechanistic studies displayed that beneficial effects of rTMS were associated with robust suppression of reactive micro/astrogliosis and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as oxidative stress and oxidative Neuronal damage especially at the late stage following PT stroke. Intriguingly, rTMS could effectively induce a shift in microglial M1/M2 phenotype activation and an A1 to A2 switch in astrocytic phenotypes. In addition, the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial MnSOD in peri-infarct regions were elevated following rTMS treatment. Finally, rTMS treatment efficaciously preserved mitochondrial membrane integrity and suppressed the intrinsic mitochondrial caspase-9/3 apoptotic pathway within the peri-infarct cortex. Our novel findings indicate that rTMS treatment exerted robust neuroprotection when applied at least 3 h after ischemic stroke. The underlying mechanisms are partially associated with improvement of the local Neuronal Microenvironment by altering inflammatory and oxidative status and preserving mitochondrial integrity in the peri-infarct zone. These findings provide strong support for the promising therapeutic effect of rTMS against ischemic Neuronal injury and functional deficits following stroke.