The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lorimer Moseley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unraveling the barriers to reconceptualization of the problem in chronic pain the actual and perceived ability of patients and health professionals to understand the Neurophysiology
The Journal of Pain, 2003Co-Authors: Lorimer MoseleyAbstract:To identify why reconceptualization of the problem is difficult in chronic pain, this study aimed to evaluate whether (1) health professionals and patients can understand currently accurate information about the Neurophysiology of pain and (2) health professionals accurately estimate the ability of patients to understand the Neurophysiology of pain. Knowledge tests were completed by 276 patients with chronic pain and 288 professionals either before (untrained) or after (trained) education about the Neurophysiology of pain. Professionals estimated typical patient performance on the test. Untrained participants performed poorly (mean +/- standard deviation, 55% +/- 19% and 29% +/- 12% for professionals and patients, respectively), compared to their trained counterparts (78% +/- 21% and 61% +/- 19%, respectively). The estimated patient score (46% +/- 18%) was less than the actual patient score (P < .005). The results suggest that professionals and patients can understand the Neurophysiology of pain but professionals underestimate patients' ability to understand. The implications are that (1) a poor knowledge of currently accurate information about pain and (2) the underestimation of patients' ability to understand currently accurate information about pain represent barriers to reconceptualization of the problem in chronic pain within the clinical and lay arenas. (C) 2003 by the American Pain Society.
Mark Hallett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Neurophysiology of dystonia
JAMA Neurology, 1998Co-Authors: Mark HallettAbstract:Any model for the physiology of dystonia must be able to explain how dystonia can be produced in various circumstances. Brain lesions can cause dystonia; responsible sites include the basal ganglia, brainstem, and thalamus, but the most common site is the putamen. Dystonia can be hereditary, and genetic linkage has been found for both generalized and focal dystonia. The only genetic dystonia for which the gene product is known is Segawa disease, a hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation. The defect is in guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, a gene that makes a cofactor for the synthesis of dopamine, which explains why this form of dystonia should be amenable to treatment with levodopa. Another example of dystonia in which a disorder of dopamine pharmacology appears responsible is the dystonia occurring in Parkinson disease, either spontaneously or as a result of treatment. Curiously, the dystonia occurs at both peak and trough dopamine levels.
B G M Van Engelen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical Neurophysiology of fatigue
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2008Co-Authors: Machiel J Zwarts, Gijs Bleijenberg, B G M Van EngelenAbstract:Fatigue is a multidimensional concept covering both physiological and psychological aspects. Chronic fatigue is a typical symptom of diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and cerebrovascular disorders but is also presented by people in whom no defined somatic disease has been established. If certain criteria are met, chronic fatigue syndrome can be diagnosed. The 4-item Abbreviated Fatigue Questionnaire allows the extent of the experienced fatigue to be assessed with a high degree of reliability and validity. Physiological fatigue has been well defined and originates in both the peripheral and central nervous system. The condition can be assessed by combining force and surface-EMG measurements (including frequency analyses and muscle-fibre conduction estimations), twitch interpolation, magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex and analysis of changes in the readiness potential. Fatigue is a well-known phenomenon in both central and peripheral neurological disorders. Examples of the former conditions are multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and stroke. Although it seems to be a universal symptom of many brain disorders, the unique characteristics of the concomitant fatigue also point to a specific relationship with several of these syndromes. As regards neuromuscular disorders, fatigue has been reported in patients with post-polio syndrome, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type-I. More than 60% of all neuromuscular patients suffer from severe fatigue, a prevalence resembling that of patients with MS. Except for several rare myopathies with specific metabolic derangements leading to exercise-induced muscle fatigue, most studies have not identified a prominent peripheral cause for the fatigue in this population. In contrast, the central activation of the diseased neuromuscular system is generally found to be suboptimal. The reliability of the psychological and clinical neurophysiological assessment techniques available today allows a multidisciplinary approach to fatigue in neurological patients, which may contribute to the elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic fatigue, with the ultimate goal to develop tailored treatments for fatigue in neurological patients. The present report discusses the different manifestations of fatigue and the available tools to assess peripheral and central fatigue.
Ibrahim Aydogdu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neurophysiology of swallowing
Clinical Neurophysiology, 2003Co-Authors: Cumhur Ertekin, Ibrahim AydogduAbstract:Abstract Swallowing is a complex motor event that is difficult to investigate in man by neurophysiological experiments. For this reason, the characteristics of the brain stem pathways have been studied in experimental animals. However, the sequential and orderly activation of the swallowing muscles with the monitoring of the laryngeal excursion can be recorded during deglutition. Although influenced by the sensory and cortical inputs, the sequential muscle activation does not alter from the perioral muscles caudally to the cricopharyngeal sphincter muscle. This is one evidence for the existence of the central pattern generator for human swallowing. The brain stem swallowing network includes the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguus with the reticular formation linking synaptically to cranial motoneuron pools bilaterally. Under normal function, the brain stem swallowing network receives descending inputs from the cerebral cortex. The cortex may trigger deglutition and modulate the brain stem sequential activity. The voluntarily initiated pharyngeal swallow involves several cortical and subcortical pathways. The interactions of regions above the brain stem and the brain stem swallowing network is, at present, not fully understood, particularly in humans. Functional neuroimaging methods were recently introduced into the human swallowing research. It has been shown that volitional swallowing is represented in the multiple cortical regions bilaterally but asymmetrically. Cortical organisation of swallowing can be continuously changed by the continual modulatory ascending sensory input with descending motor output. Significance: Dysphagia is a severe symptom complex that can be life threatening in a considerable number of patients. Three-fourths of oropharyngeal dysphagia is caused by neurological diseases. Thus, the responsibility of the clinical neurologist and neurophysiologist in the care for the dysphagic patients is twofold. First, we should be more acquainted with the physiology of swallowing and its disorders, in order to care for the dysphagic patients successfully. Second, we need to evaluate the dysphagic problems objectively using practical electromyography methods for the patients' management. Cortical and subcortical functional imaging studies are also important to accumulate more data in order to get more information and in turn to develop new and effective treatment strategies for dysphagic patients.
Vedran Deletis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intraoperative Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
Practical Handbook of Neurosurgery, 2009Co-Authors: Vedran DeletisAbstract:As a rule in any scientific discipline, especially in clinical neuroscience, a reliable and simple methodology is the ultimate goal. The same rule can be implemented in the field of intraoperative Neurophysiology (ION), a subdiscipline in clinical Neurophysiology.
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The role of intraoperative Neurophysiology in the protection or documentation of surgically induced injury to the spinal cord.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Vedran Deletis, Francesco SalaAbstract:: Playing both neuroprotective and educational roles, intraoperative Neurophysiology has become an intrinsic part of modern neurosurgery. In this article, we present evidence substantiating the neuroprotective role of intraoperative Neurophysiology, specifically its capacity to help prevent injury to the corticospinal tracts and the dorsal columns during spinal cord injury.
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Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery: A Modern Intraoperative Approach
2002Co-Authors: Vedran Deletis, Jay L. ShilsAbstract:PART ONE: Motor Evoked Potentials/Neurophysiological Base (Background) Animal and Human Motor System Neurophysiology Related to Intraoperative Monitoring Intraoperative Neurophysiology and Methodologies Used to Monitor the Functional Integrity of the Motor System PART TWO: Intraoperative Neurophysiology of the Spinal Cord (Spinal Cord Monitoring) Spinal Cord Surgery Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring for Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery Selective Spinal Cord Lesioning Procedures for Spasticity and Pain Neurophysiological Monitoring During Endovascular Procedures on the Spine and the Spinal Cord Intraoperative Neurophysiological Mapping of the Spinal Cord's Dorsal Columns PART THREE: Intraoperative Neurophysiology of Periperal Nerves, Nerve Roots and Plexuses Intraoperative Neurophysiology of the Peripheral Nervous System Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring of the Sacral Nervous System Sensory Rhizotomy for the Treatment of Childhood Spasticity Neurophysiological Monitoring During Pedicile Screw Placement PART FOUR: Intraoperative Neurophysiology of Cranial Nerves and Brainstem Surgery of Brainstem Lesions Monitoring and Mapping the Cranial Nerves and the Brainstem Brainstem Mapping PART FIVE: Intraoperative Neurophysiology of Supratentorial Procedures Intraoperative Neurophysiological Mapping and Monitoring for Supratentorial Procedures PART SIX: Intraoperative Neurophysiology During Stereotactic Neurosurgery for Movement Disorders Neurophysiological Monitoring During Neurosurgery for Movement Disorders PART SEVEN: Intraoperative Neurophysiology and Anesthesia Management Anesthesia and Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring
