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Neil H Willits - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assisting decision making on age of Neutering for mixed breed dogs of five weight categories associated joint disorders and cancers
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:The early Neutering of male and female dogs and its relationship to an increased risk of joint disorders and some cancers has recently become a concern, raising questions about the standard practice in the U.S. and much of Europe of Neutering by 6 months of age. A noteworthy recent finding from this center is that there are major breed differences with small-dog breeds generally showing little vulnerability to Neutering compared with breeds of larger body size. These findings on purebreds raise questions for dog owners and veterinarians about mixed-breed dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine a sample of mixed breed dogs of five weight categories using the same veterinary hospital database and diagnostic criteria for joint disorders and cancers as used in the newly published paper on 35 breeds and previous papers on the Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, and German Shepherd Dog. The weight categories were <10 kg (739 cases), 10-19 kg (546 cases), 20-29 kg (992 cases), 30-39 kg (604 cases), and over 40 kg (258 cases). Males and females were analyzed separately, as were various ages at Neutering. The joint disorders examined were hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear or rupture, and elbow dysplasia. The cancers were lymphoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. There was no significant increased occurrence of one or more cancers, compared with intact dogs, in any weight category. However, in the three categories of dogs weighing 20 kg or more, Neutering before 1 year generally was significantly associated with risks of one or more joint disorders above that of dogs left intact, commonly to 3 times the level of intact dogs, with sex differences in the degrees of joint disorders associated with Neutering. For the dogs in the two weight categories <20 kg, no increased risks were found for joint disorders. This information can be useful to dog caregivers in deciding on the age at which to neuter specific dogs, and for veterinarians offering guidance to pet owners.
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Effects of Neutering in German Shepherd Dogs
2019Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Lynette Hart, Neil H WillitsAbstract:Datasets used to study the effects of Neutering (including spaying) in increasing the incidence of joint disorders and cancers in German Shepherd Dogs. Veterinary hospital records from the University of California, Davis were examined over a 14.5-year period for the effects of Neutering during the specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., during 1 year and in years 2 through 8. The diseases examined were hip dysplasia, CCL tear, elbow dysplasia, lymphosarcoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, mammary cancer, pyometra, urinary incontinence, and degenerative myelopathy.
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Effects of Neutering in Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers
2019Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Lynette Hart, Neil H WillitsAbstract:Datasets used to study the effects of Neutering (including spaying) in increasing the incidence of joint disorders and cancers in both Golden and Labrador Retrievers. Veterinary hospital records from the University of California, Davis were examined over a 13-year period for the effects of Neutering during the specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., during 1 year and in years 2 through 8. The diseases examined were hip dysplasia, CCL tear, elbow dysplasia, lymphosarcoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, mammary cancer, and pyometra. Body condition scores were recorded at the time of disease diagnosis.
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Neutering of German Shepherd Dogs: associated joint disorders, cancers and urinary incontinence
Veterinary medicine and science, 2016Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:German Shepherd Dogs are important in police and military work, and are a popular family pet. The debilitating joint disorders of hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear (CCL) and elbow dysplasia can shorten a dog's useful working life and impact its role as a family member. For this study, veterinary hospital records were examined over a 14.5-year period on 1170 intact and neutered (including spaying) German Shepherd Dogs for joint disorders and cancers previously associated with Neutering. The diseases were followed through 8 years of age, with the exception of mammary cancer (MC) in females that was followed through 11 years. The cancers followed, apart from mammary, were osteosarcoma, lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumour. In intact males, 7% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in males neutered prior to a year of age, a significantly higher 21% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders. In intact females, 5% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in females neutered prior to a year of age, this measure was significantly increased to 16%. The increased joint disorder incidence mostly associated with early Neutering was CCL. MC was diagnosed in 4% of intact females compared with less than 1% in females neutered before 1 year. The occurrence of the other cancers followed through 8 years of age was not higher in the neutered than in the intact dogs. Urinary incontinence, not diagnosed in intact females, was diagnosed in 7% of females neutered before 1 year, a significant difference. These findings, profiling the increase in joint disorders associated with early Neutering, should help guide the timing of Neutering for this breed.
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long term health effects of Neutering dogs comparison of labrador retrievers with golden retrievers
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:Our recent study on the effects of Neutering (including spaying) in Golden Retrievers in markedly increasing the incidence of two joint disorders and three cancers prompted this study and a comparison of Golden and Labrador Retrievers. Veterinary hospital records were examined over a 13-year period for the effects of Neutering during specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., year 1 or years 2 through 8. The joint disorders examined were hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear and elbow dysplasia. The cancers examined were lymphosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, and mammary cancer. The results for the Golden Retriever were similar to the previous study, but there were notable differences between breeds. In Labrador Retrievers, where about 5 percent of gonadally intact males and females had one or more joint disorders, Neutering at <6 mo. doubled the incidence of one or more joint disorders in both sexes. In male and female Golden Retrievers, with the same 5 percent rate of joint disorders in intact dogs, Neutering at <6 mo. increased the incidence of a joint disorder to 4-5 times that of intact dogs. The incidence of one or more cancers in female Labrador Retrievers increased slightly above the 3 percent level of intact females with Neutering. In contrast, in female Golden Retrievers, with the same 3 percent rate of one or more cancers in intact females, Neutering at all periods through 8 years of age increased the rate of at least one of the cancers by 3-4 times. In male Golden and Labrador Retrievers Neutering had relatively minor effects in increasing the occurrence of cancers. Comparisons of cancers in the two breeds suggest that the occurrence of cancers in female Golden Retrievers is a reflection of particular vulnerability to gonadal hormone removal.
Benjamin L. Hart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Ancient Practice but a New Paradigm: Personal Choice for the Age to Spay or Neuter a Dog
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021Co-Authors: Lynette A. Hart, Benjamin L. HartAbstract:Extensive practice and knowledge of the methods and effects of castration of male livestock and even humans has been widespread since ancient times, but only a few decades ago did Neutering (including spaying) become a routine part of canine husbandry. In the US, the 6-month neuter became standard practice. Only recently, however, have some of the consequences of this major physiological alteration become evident. As the data-based study on 35 breeds reveals, there are major breed differences associated with effects of Neutering, especially with early Neutering, including increased risks of joint disorders and some cancers. The study of mixed-breed dogs reveals that the risk of joint disorders is increased in the large dogs. Implications of breed-specific and sex-specific effects for age of Neutering have prompted the consideration of a new paradigm with regard to this practice. This involves focusing on each individual dog when deciding upon the appropriate age of Neutering to avoid increasing the risk of a joint disorder or cancer above that inherent for the breed. For many breeds, particularly the smaller dogs, no effects were found for the age of Neutering on joint disorders and the cancers followed. In these cases, the caregiver has a wide range of choice for Neutering without increasing the dog's risk for these diseases. In the future, additional research may reveal more about other increased risks for age-related cognitive dysfunction or elevated levels of luteinizing hormone caused by gonad removal, and lead to revised guidelines.
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assisting decision making on age of Neutering for mixed breed dogs of five weight categories associated joint disorders and cancers
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:The early Neutering of male and female dogs and its relationship to an increased risk of joint disorders and some cancers has recently become a concern, raising questions about the standard practice in the U.S. and much of Europe of Neutering by 6 months of age. A noteworthy recent finding from this center is that there are major breed differences with small-dog breeds generally showing little vulnerability to Neutering compared with breeds of larger body size. These findings on purebreds raise questions for dog owners and veterinarians about mixed-breed dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine a sample of mixed breed dogs of five weight categories using the same veterinary hospital database and diagnostic criteria for joint disorders and cancers as used in the newly published paper on 35 breeds and previous papers on the Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, and German Shepherd Dog. The weight categories were <10 kg (739 cases), 10-19 kg (546 cases), 20-29 kg (992 cases), 30-39 kg (604 cases), and over 40 kg (258 cases). Males and females were analyzed separately, as were various ages at Neutering. The joint disorders examined were hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear or rupture, and elbow dysplasia. The cancers were lymphoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. There was no significant increased occurrence of one or more cancers, compared with intact dogs, in any weight category. However, in the three categories of dogs weighing 20 kg or more, Neutering before 1 year generally was significantly associated with risks of one or more joint disorders above that of dogs left intact, commonly to 3 times the level of intact dogs, with sex differences in the degrees of joint disorders associated with Neutering. For the dogs in the two weight categories <20 kg, no increased risks were found for joint disorders. This information can be useful to dog caregivers in deciding on the age at which to neuter specific dogs, and for veterinarians offering guidance to pet owners.
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Effects of Neutering in German Shepherd Dogs
2019Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Lynette Hart, Neil H WillitsAbstract:Datasets used to study the effects of Neutering (including spaying) in increasing the incidence of joint disorders and cancers in German Shepherd Dogs. Veterinary hospital records from the University of California, Davis were examined over a 14.5-year period for the effects of Neutering during the specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., during 1 year and in years 2 through 8. The diseases examined were hip dysplasia, CCL tear, elbow dysplasia, lymphosarcoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, mammary cancer, pyometra, urinary incontinence, and degenerative myelopathy.
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Effects of Neutering in Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers
2019Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Lynette Hart, Neil H WillitsAbstract:Datasets used to study the effects of Neutering (including spaying) in increasing the incidence of joint disorders and cancers in both Golden and Labrador Retrievers. Veterinary hospital records from the University of California, Davis were examined over a 13-year period for the effects of Neutering during the specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., during 1 year and in years 2 through 8. The diseases examined were hip dysplasia, CCL tear, elbow dysplasia, lymphosarcoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, mammary cancer, and pyometra. Body condition scores were recorded at the time of disease diagnosis.
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Neutering of German Shepherd Dogs: associated joint disorders, cancers and urinary incontinence
Veterinary medicine and science, 2016Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:German Shepherd Dogs are important in police and military work, and are a popular family pet. The debilitating joint disorders of hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear (CCL) and elbow dysplasia can shorten a dog's useful working life and impact its role as a family member. For this study, veterinary hospital records were examined over a 14.5-year period on 1170 intact and neutered (including spaying) German Shepherd Dogs for joint disorders and cancers previously associated with Neutering. The diseases were followed through 8 years of age, with the exception of mammary cancer (MC) in females that was followed through 11 years. The cancers followed, apart from mammary, were osteosarcoma, lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumour. In intact males, 7% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in males neutered prior to a year of age, a significantly higher 21% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders. In intact females, 5% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in females neutered prior to a year of age, this measure was significantly increased to 16%. The increased joint disorder incidence mostly associated with early Neutering was CCL. MC was diagnosed in 4% of intact females compared with less than 1% in females neutered before 1 year. The occurrence of the other cancers followed through 8 years of age was not higher in the neutered than in the intact dogs. Urinary incontinence, not diagnosed in intact females, was diagnosed in 7% of females neutered before 1 year, a significant difference. These findings, profiling the increase in joint disorders associated with early Neutering, should help guide the timing of Neutering for this breed.
Penelope J. Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of time of Neutering on weight gain and energy intake in female kittens.
Journal of nutritional science, 2017Co-Authors: David Allaway, Matthew S. Gilham, Alison Colyer, Penelope J. MorrisAbstract:Neutering is a risk factor for obesity in companion animals. In a study to determine the total energy requirements of kittens (15-52 weeks) the impact of Neutering and age when neutered on intake and body weight (BW) was investigated. Females (n 14), neutered when 19 (early neuter; EN) or 31 (conventional neuter; CN) weeks old (n 7/group), were individually fed to maintain an ideal body condition score (BCS). EN kittens gained weight gradually whilst CN kittens' BW gain slowed from week 24, weighing less than EN kittens from week 30 with a reduced energy intake (kcal/kg BW0·67) in weeks 24-32 (P EN in weeks 36-40). Although EN required earlier diet restriction, acute hyperphagia and increased rate of BW gain following Neutering were not observed. Earlier Neutering may aid healthy weight management through growth when regulating intake to maintain an ideal BCS.
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metabolic profiling reveals effects of age sexual development and Neutering in plasma of young male cats
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: David Allaway, Matthew S. Gilham, Alison Colyer, Thomas J Jonsson, Kelly S Swanson, Penelope J. MorrisAbstract:Neutering is a significant risk factor for obesity in cats. The mechanisms that promote neuter-associated weight gain are not well understood but following Neutering, acute changes in energy expenditure and energy consumption have been observed. Metabolic profiling (GC-MS and UHPLC-MS-MS) was used in a longitudinal study to identify changes associated with age, sexual development and Neutering in male cats fed a nutritionally-complete dry diet to maintain an ideal body condition score. At eight time points, between 19 and 52 weeks of age, fasted blood samples were taken from kittens neutered at either 19 weeks of age (Early Neuter (EN), n = 8) or at 31 weeks of age (Conventional Neuter (CN), n = 7). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare plasma metabolites (n = 370) from EN and CN cats. Age was the primary driver of variance in the plasma metabolome, including a developmental change independent of neuter group between 19 and 21 weeks in lysolipids and fatty acid amides. Changes associated with sexual development and its subsequent loss were also observed, with differences at some time points observed between EN and CN cats for 45 metabolites (FDR p<0.05). Pathway Enrichment Analysis also identified significant effects in 20 pathways, dominated by amino acid, sterol and fatty acid metabolism. Most changes were interpretable within the context of male sexual development, and changed following Neutering in the CN group. Felinine metabolism in CN cats was the most significantly altered pathway, increasing during sexual development and decreasing acutely following Neutering. Felinine is a testosterone-regulated, felid-specific glutathione derivative secreted in urine. Alterations in tryptophan, histidine and tocopherol metabolism observed in peripubertal cats may be to support physiological functions of glutathione following diversion of S-amino acids for urinary felinine secretion.
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Metabolic profiling reveals effects of age, sexual development and Neutering in plasma of young male cats
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: David Allaway, Matthew S. Gilham, Alison Colyer, Thomas J Jonsson, Kelly S Swanson, Penelope J. MorrisAbstract:Neutering is a significant risk factor for obesity in cats. The mechanisms that promote neuter-associated weight gain are not well understood but following Neutering, acute changes in energy expenditure and energy consumption have been observed. Metabolic profiling (GC-MS and UHPLC-MS-MS) was used in a longitudinal study to identify changes associated with age, sexual development and Neutering in male cats fed a nutritionally-complete dry diet to maintain an ideal body condition score. At eight time points, between 19 and 52 weeks of age, fasted blood samples were taken from kittens neutered at either 19 weeks of age (Early Neuter (EN), n = 8) or at 31 weeks of age (Conventional Neuter (CN), n = 7). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare plasma metabolites (n = 370) from EN and CN cats. Age was the primary driver of variance in the plasma metabolome, including a developmental change independent of neuter group between 19 and 21 weeks in lysolipids and fatty acid amides. Changes associated with sexual development and its subsequent loss were also observed, with differences at some time points observed between EN and CN cats for 45 metabolites (FDR p
Lynette A. Hart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Ancient Practice but a New Paradigm: Personal Choice for the Age to Spay or Neuter a Dog
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021Co-Authors: Lynette A. Hart, Benjamin L. HartAbstract:Extensive practice and knowledge of the methods and effects of castration of male livestock and even humans has been widespread since ancient times, but only a few decades ago did Neutering (including spaying) become a routine part of canine husbandry. In the US, the 6-month neuter became standard practice. Only recently, however, have some of the consequences of this major physiological alteration become evident. As the data-based study on 35 breeds reveals, there are major breed differences associated with effects of Neutering, especially with early Neutering, including increased risks of joint disorders and some cancers. The study of mixed-breed dogs reveals that the risk of joint disorders is increased in the large dogs. Implications of breed-specific and sex-specific effects for age of Neutering have prompted the consideration of a new paradigm with regard to this practice. This involves focusing on each individual dog when deciding upon the appropriate age of Neutering to avoid increasing the risk of a joint disorder or cancer above that inherent for the breed. For many breeds, particularly the smaller dogs, no effects were found for the age of Neutering on joint disorders and the cancers followed. In these cases, the caregiver has a wide range of choice for Neutering without increasing the dog's risk for these diseases. In the future, additional research may reveal more about other increased risks for age-related cognitive dysfunction or elevated levels of luteinizing hormone caused by gonad removal, and lead to revised guidelines.
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assisting decision making on age of Neutering for mixed breed dogs of five weight categories associated joint disorders and cancers
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:The early Neutering of male and female dogs and its relationship to an increased risk of joint disorders and some cancers has recently become a concern, raising questions about the standard practice in the U.S. and much of Europe of Neutering by 6 months of age. A noteworthy recent finding from this center is that there are major breed differences with small-dog breeds generally showing little vulnerability to Neutering compared with breeds of larger body size. These findings on purebreds raise questions for dog owners and veterinarians about mixed-breed dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine a sample of mixed breed dogs of five weight categories using the same veterinary hospital database and diagnostic criteria for joint disorders and cancers as used in the newly published paper on 35 breeds and previous papers on the Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, and German Shepherd Dog. The weight categories were <10 kg (739 cases), 10-19 kg (546 cases), 20-29 kg (992 cases), 30-39 kg (604 cases), and over 40 kg (258 cases). Males and females were analyzed separately, as were various ages at Neutering. The joint disorders examined were hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear or rupture, and elbow dysplasia. The cancers were lymphoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. There was no significant increased occurrence of one or more cancers, compared with intact dogs, in any weight category. However, in the three categories of dogs weighing 20 kg or more, Neutering before 1 year generally was significantly associated with risks of one or more joint disorders above that of dogs left intact, commonly to 3 times the level of intact dogs, with sex differences in the degrees of joint disorders associated with Neutering. For the dogs in the two weight categories <20 kg, no increased risks were found for joint disorders. This information can be useful to dog caregivers in deciding on the age at which to neuter specific dogs, and for veterinarians offering guidance to pet owners.
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Neutering of German Shepherd Dogs: associated joint disorders, cancers and urinary incontinence
Veterinary medicine and science, 2016Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:German Shepherd Dogs are important in police and military work, and are a popular family pet. The debilitating joint disorders of hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear (CCL) and elbow dysplasia can shorten a dog's useful working life and impact its role as a family member. For this study, veterinary hospital records were examined over a 14.5-year period on 1170 intact and neutered (including spaying) German Shepherd Dogs for joint disorders and cancers previously associated with Neutering. The diseases were followed through 8 years of age, with the exception of mammary cancer (MC) in females that was followed through 11 years. The cancers followed, apart from mammary, were osteosarcoma, lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumour. In intact males, 7% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in males neutered prior to a year of age, a significantly higher 21% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders. In intact females, 5% were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, while in females neutered prior to a year of age, this measure was significantly increased to 16%. The increased joint disorder incidence mostly associated with early Neutering was CCL. MC was diagnosed in 4% of intact females compared with less than 1% in females neutered before 1 year. The occurrence of the other cancers followed through 8 years of age was not higher in the neutered than in the intact dogs. Urinary incontinence, not diagnosed in intact females, was diagnosed in 7% of females neutered before 1 year, a significant difference. These findings, profiling the increase in joint disorders associated with early Neutering, should help guide the timing of Neutering for this breed.
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long term health effects of Neutering dogs comparison of labrador retrievers with golden retrievers
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:Our recent study on the effects of Neutering (including spaying) in Golden Retrievers in markedly increasing the incidence of two joint disorders and three cancers prompted this study and a comparison of Golden and Labrador Retrievers. Veterinary hospital records were examined over a 13-year period for the effects of Neutering during specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., year 1 or years 2 through 8. The joint disorders examined were hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear and elbow dysplasia. The cancers examined were lymphosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, and mammary cancer. The results for the Golden Retriever were similar to the previous study, but there were notable differences between breeds. In Labrador Retrievers, where about 5 percent of gonadally intact males and females had one or more joint disorders, Neutering at <6 mo. doubled the incidence of one or more joint disorders in both sexes. In male and female Golden Retrievers, with the same 5 percent rate of joint disorders in intact dogs, Neutering at <6 mo. increased the incidence of a joint disorder to 4-5 times that of intact dogs. The incidence of one or more cancers in female Labrador Retrievers increased slightly above the 3 percent level of intact females with Neutering. In contrast, in female Golden Retrievers, with the same 3 percent rate of one or more cancers in intact females, Neutering at all periods through 8 years of age increased the rate of at least one of the cancers by 3-4 times. In male Golden and Labrador Retrievers Neutering had relatively minor effects in increasing the occurrence of cancers. Comparisons of cancers in the two breeds suggest that the occurrence of cancers in female Golden Retrievers is a reflection of particular vulnerability to gonadal hormone removal.
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Long-Term Health Effects of Neutering Dogs: Comparison of Labrador Retrievers with Golden Retrievers
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart, Abigail P Thigpen, Neil H WillitsAbstract:Our recent study on the effects of Neutering (including spaying) in Golden Retrievers in markedly increasing the incidence of two joint disorders and three cancers prompted this study and a comparison of Golden and Labrador Retrievers. Veterinary hospital records were examined over a 13-year period for the effects of Neutering during specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., year 1 or years 2 through 8. The joint disorders examined were hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament tear and elbow dysplasia. The cancers examined were lymphosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, and mammary cancer. The results for the Golden Retriever were similar to the previous study, but there were notable differences between breeds. In Labrador Retrievers, where about 5 percent of gonadally intact males and females had one or more joint disorders, Neutering at
David Brodbelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Associations between Neutering and early‐onset urinary incontinence in UK bitches under primary veterinary care
The Journal of small animal practice, 2019Co-Authors: Camilla Pegram, David Brodbelt, David B Church, Jon Hall, Laura Owen, Y M Chang, Dan G. O’neillAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To investigate association between Neutering and early‐onset urinary incontinence in bitches under primary veterinary care in the UK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of bitches within VetCompass born between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012 that were followed until March 31, 2018. The clinical records were automatically searched and manually validated for incontinence cases. Incidence risk and rate over the study period were calculated. Cox regression modelling separately evaluated the hazard of urinary incontinence and association with Neutering: (1) from the date of birth for all bitches, both neutered and entire; and, (2) from the date of Neutering for the neutered subset. Other variables considered included breed, bodyweight and veterinary practice group. RESULTS: Overall, 492 bitches were identified with early‐onset urinary incontinence from a total of 72,971 included in the study period. Incidence risk was 0.68% (95% confidence intervals 0.62 to 0.74), while incidence rate increased with age. After accounting for confounding factors, increased hazard of early‐onset urinary incontinence was identified in: (1) neutered bitches, with the effect increasing with age; and, (2) bitches neutered before 6 months, within the first 2 years following Neutering. In both models, increased hazard was additionally associated with increasing bodyweight and breed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Neutering itself and early‐age Neutering (
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The effect of Neutering on the risk of mammary tumours in dogs--a systematic review.
The Journal of small animal practice, 2012Co-Authors: Wendy Beauvais, J. M. Cardwell, David BrodbeltAbstract:A commonly-stated advantage of Neutering bitches is a significant reduction in the risk of mammary tumours, however the evidence for this has not previously been assessed by systematic review. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude and strength of evidence for any effect of Neutering, or age of Neutering, on the risk of mammary tumours in bitches. A systematic review was conducted based on Cochrane guidelines. Peer-reviewed analytic journal articles in English were eligible and were assessed for risk of bias by two reviewers independently. Of 11,149 search results, 13 reports in English-language peer-reviewed journals addressed the association between Neutering/age at Neutering and mammary tumours. Nine were judged to have a high risk of bias. The remaining four were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. One study found an association between Neutering and a reduced risk of mammary tumours. Two studies found no evidence of an association. One reported "some protective effect" of Neutering on the risk of mammary tumours, but no numbers were presented. Due to the limited evidence available and the risk of bias in the published results, the evidence that Neutering reduces the risk of mammary neoplasia, and the evidence that age at Neutering has an effect, are judged to be weak and are not a sound basis for firm recommendations.
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the effect of Neutering on the risk of urinary incontinence in bitches a systematic review
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2012Co-Authors: Wendy Beauvais, J. M. Cardwell, David BrodbeltAbstract:An increased risk of urinary incontinence in bitches has often been associated with previous ovariohysterectomy but remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the strength of evidence for an association between Neutering or age at Neutering and urinary incontinence in bitches and to estimate the magnitude of any effect found. A systematic review of peer-reviewed original English analytic journal articles was conducted, based on Cochrane guidelines (Higgins and Green 2009) Of 1,853 records screened, seven studies were identified that examined the effect of Neutering or age at Neutering on the risk of urinary incontinence but four were judged to be at high risk of bias. Of the remaining three studies, which were at moderate risk of bias, there was some weak evidence that Neutering, particularly before the age of three months, increases the risk of urinary incontinence. However, overall the evidence is not consistent nor strong enough to make firm recommendations on the effect of Neutering or age at Neutering on the risk of urinary incontinence.
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The effect of Neutering on the risk of urinary incontinence in bitches – a systematic review
The Journal of small animal practice, 2012Co-Authors: Wendy Beauvais, J. M. Cardwell, David BrodbeltAbstract:An increased risk of urinary incontinence in bitches has often been associated with previous ovariohysterectomy but remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the strength of evidence for an association between Neutering or age at Neutering and urinary incontinence in bitches and to estimate the magnitude of any effect found. A systematic review of peer-reviewed original English analytic journal articles was conducted, based on Cochrane guidelines (Higgins and Green 2009) Of 1,853 records screened, seven studies were identified that examined the effect of Neutering or age at Neutering on the risk of urinary incontinence but four were judged to be at high risk of bias. Of the remaining three studies, which were at moderate risk of bias, there was some weak evidence that Neutering, particularly before the age of three months, increases the risk of urinary incontinence. However, overall the evidence is not consistent nor strong enough to make firm recommendations on the effect of Neutering or age at Neutering on the risk of urinary incontinence.
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Survey of veterinary practice policies and opinions on Neutering dogs.
The Veterinary record, 2010Co-Authors: G. Diesel, David Brodbelt, C LaurenceAbstract:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2008 to obtain information on the advice veterinary practices currently give to their clients and the opinions of veterinary surgeons regarding Neutering of dogs. An additional survey of dog owners was conducted to obtain information on the neuter status of the general dog population in Great Britain. A significantly higher proportion of practices had a policy for the age of Neutering bitches than for dogs. The average recommended age for Neutering bitches was 6.5 months (95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 3.1 to 9.7 months) and for dogs it was 7.5 months (95 per cent CI 1.4 to 13.6 months). There was very little agreement between veterinary practices as to whether bitches should be allowed to have their first season before Neutering, with 164 of 973 respondents (16.9 per cent) always recommending this, 198 (20.3 per cent) recommending it most of the time, 203 (20.9 per cent) sometimes, 203 (20.9 per cent) rarely and 201 (20.6 per cent) never recommending it. The owner study showed that 54 per cent of dogs (233 of 431) were neutered, with the North region having the lowest proportion of neutered dogs (11 of 25; 44.0 per cent).
