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Alan A Jackson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increased systolic blood pressure in adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets
Clinical Science, 1994Co-Authors: Simon C Langley, Alan A JacksonAbstract:1. Possible associations between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and non-communicable diseases of adulthood were assessed using a rat model. Rats were habituated to diets containing a range of protein levels (18, 12, 9 and 6% by weight), over a 14 day period, before mating. The low protein diets were maintained throughout pregnancy. Lactating mothers and their offspring were transferred to a standard chow diet (20% protein). 2. Pregnant rats demonstrated a graded response to the diets, with those fed 9 and 6% protein tending to consume less energy and gain less weight than 18% protein fed controls. Litter size and Newborn Death rates were not significantly altered by the low protein diets. 3. Offspring of 12 and 9% protein fed dams were grossly normal, gaining weight at a similar rate to those born to 18% protein fed control rats. Offspring of the 6% protein fed dams were smaller than pups from all other groups, over a 21 week period. 4. At 9 weeks of age, systolic blood pressure was determined in the offspring. All offspring from the three low protein groups were found to have significantly elevated blood pressure (15-22 mmHg) relative to the control group. An inverse relationship between maternal protein intake and the systolic blood pressure of the offspring was observed. Blood pressure remained elevated in the offspring of the 9 and 6% protein fed dams until 21 weeks of age. The observed hypertension was associated with increased pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the low protein groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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increased systolic blood pressure in adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets
Clinical Science, 1994Co-Authors: Simon C Langley, Alan A JacksonAbstract:1. Possible associations between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and non-communicable diseases of adulthood were assessed using a rat model. Rats were habituated to diets containing a range of protein levels (18, 12, 9 and 6% by weight), over a 14 day period, before mating. The low protein diets were maintained throughout pregnancy. Lactating mothers and their offspring were transferred to a standard chow diet (20% protein). 2. Pregnant rats demonstrated a graded response to the diets, with those fed 9 and 6% protein tending to consume less energy and gain less weight than 18% protein fed controls. Litter size and Newborn Death rates were not significantly altered by the low protein diets. 3. Offspring of 12 and 9% protein fed dams were grossly normal, gaining weight at a similar rate to those born to 18% protein fed control rats. Offspring of the 6% protein fed dams were smaller than pups from all other groups, over a 21 week period. 4. At 9 weeks of age, systolic blood pressure was determined in the offspring. All offspring from the three low protein groups were found to have significantly elevated blood pressure (15–22 mmHg) relative to the control group. An inverse relationship between maternal protein intake and the systolic blood pressure of the offspring was observed. Blood pressure remained elevated in the offspring of the 9 and 6% protein fed dams until 21 weeks of age. The observed hypertension was associated with increased pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the low protein groups. 5. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that poor maternal nutrition in pregnancy may irreversibly impair aspects of physiological and biochemical function in the fetus. This has potential adverse consequences for the later health of the offspring.
Simon C Langley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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increased systolic blood pressure in adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets
Clinical Science, 1994Co-Authors: Simon C Langley, Alan A JacksonAbstract:1. Possible associations between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and non-communicable diseases of adulthood were assessed using a rat model. Rats were habituated to diets containing a range of protein levels (18, 12, 9 and 6% by weight), over a 14 day period, before mating. The low protein diets were maintained throughout pregnancy. Lactating mothers and their offspring were transferred to a standard chow diet (20% protein). 2. Pregnant rats demonstrated a graded response to the diets, with those fed 9 and 6% protein tending to consume less energy and gain less weight than 18% protein fed controls. Litter size and Newborn Death rates were not significantly altered by the low protein diets. 3. Offspring of 12 and 9% protein fed dams were grossly normal, gaining weight at a similar rate to those born to 18% protein fed control rats. Offspring of the 6% protein fed dams were smaller than pups from all other groups, over a 21 week period. 4. At 9 weeks of age, systolic blood pressure was determined in the offspring. All offspring from the three low protein groups were found to have significantly elevated blood pressure (15-22 mmHg) relative to the control group. An inverse relationship between maternal protein intake and the systolic blood pressure of the offspring was observed. Blood pressure remained elevated in the offspring of the 9 and 6% protein fed dams until 21 weeks of age. The observed hypertension was associated with increased pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the low protein groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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increased systolic blood pressure in adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets
Clinical Science, 1994Co-Authors: Simon C Langley, Alan A JacksonAbstract:1. Possible associations between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and non-communicable diseases of adulthood were assessed using a rat model. Rats were habituated to diets containing a range of protein levels (18, 12, 9 and 6% by weight), over a 14 day period, before mating. The low protein diets were maintained throughout pregnancy. Lactating mothers and their offspring were transferred to a standard chow diet (20% protein). 2. Pregnant rats demonstrated a graded response to the diets, with those fed 9 and 6% protein tending to consume less energy and gain less weight than 18% protein fed controls. Litter size and Newborn Death rates were not significantly altered by the low protein diets. 3. Offspring of 12 and 9% protein fed dams were grossly normal, gaining weight at a similar rate to those born to 18% protein fed control rats. Offspring of the 6% protein fed dams were smaller than pups from all other groups, over a 21 week period. 4. At 9 weeks of age, systolic blood pressure was determined in the offspring. All offspring from the three low protein groups were found to have significantly elevated blood pressure (15–22 mmHg) relative to the control group. An inverse relationship between maternal protein intake and the systolic blood pressure of the offspring was observed. Blood pressure remained elevated in the offspring of the 9 and 6% protein fed dams until 21 weeks of age. The observed hypertension was associated with increased pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the low protein groups. 5. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that poor maternal nutrition in pregnancy may irreversibly impair aspects of physiological and biochemical function in the fetus. This has potential adverse consequences for the later health of the offspring.
P Fenichel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vascular placental abnormalities and Newborn Death in a pregnant diabetic woman with familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 a possible role for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ
Diabetes & Metabolism, 2012Co-Authors: A L Castell, S Hieronimus, Olivier Lascols, T Fournier, P FenichelAbstract:Abstract The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor protein gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor involved in adipocyte differentiation, energy homoeostasis and fat storage, can lead, in rare cases of coding mutations, to familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) with severe insulin resistance. PPARγ is also highly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. It has a key role in trophoblast invasion, as shown by studies in vitro, but its precise role during placentation remains to be elucidated, and fetomaternal outcomes of FPLD3 pregnancies also need to be assessed. This report is of a novel missense heterozygous mutation of PPARγ identified during pregnancy in a young diabetic woman who, at 3weeks of amenorrhoea, prematurely delivered a baby who died 24h later. Histopathological analysis revealed important vascular placental abnormalities. The presence of the PPARγ mutation in placental tissues in the absence of fetal malformations and maternal hypertension suggests that FPLP3 pregnancies may be at high-risk, especially if the fetus has inherited the mutation. It also supports a physiological role for PPARγ during placentation.
A L Castell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vascular placental abnormalities and Newborn Death in a pregnant diabetic woman with familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 a possible role for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ
Diabetes & Metabolism, 2012Co-Authors: A L Castell, S Hieronimus, Olivier Lascols, T Fournier, P FenichelAbstract:Abstract The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor protein gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor involved in adipocyte differentiation, energy homoeostasis and fat storage, can lead, in rare cases of coding mutations, to familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) with severe insulin resistance. PPARγ is also highly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. It has a key role in trophoblast invasion, as shown by studies in vitro, but its precise role during placentation remains to be elucidated, and fetomaternal outcomes of FPLD3 pregnancies also need to be assessed. This report is of a novel missense heterozygous mutation of PPARγ identified during pregnancy in a young diabetic woman who, at 3weeks of amenorrhoea, prematurely delivered a baby who died 24h later. Histopathological analysis revealed important vascular placental abnormalities. The presence of the PPARγ mutation in placental tissues in the absence of fetal malformations and maternal hypertension suggests that FPLP3 pregnancies may be at high-risk, especially if the fetus has inherited the mutation. It also supports a physiological role for PPARγ during placentation.
Joanna Schellenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the reliability of a Newborn foot length measurement tool used by community volunteers to identify low birth weight or premature babies born at home in southern tanzania
BMC Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Tanya Marchant, Fatuma Manzi, Suzanne Penfold, Elibariki Mkumbo, Donat Shamba, Jennie Jaribu, Joanna SchellenbergAbstract:Background: Low birthweight babies need extra care, and families need to know whether their Newborn is low birthweight in settings where many births are at home and weighing scales are largely absent. In the context of a trial to improve Newborn health in southern Tanzania, a counselling card was developed that incorporated a Newborn foot length measurement tool to screen Newborns for low birth weight and prematurity. This was used by community volunteers at home visits and shows a scale picture of a Newborn foot with markers for a ‘short foot’ (<8 cm). The tool built on previous hospital based research that found Newborn foot length <8 cm to have sensitivity and specificity to identify low birthweight (<2500 g) of 87% and 60% respectively. Methods: Reliability of the tool used by community volunteers to identify Newborns with short feet was tested. Between July-December 2010 a researcher accompanied volunteers to the homes of babies younger than seven days and conducted paired measures of Newborn foot length using the counselling card tool and using a plastic ruler. Intra-method reliability of foot length measures was assessed using kappa scores, and differences between measurers were analysed using Bland and Altman plots. Results: 142 paired measures were conducted. The kappa statistic for the foot length tool to classify Newborns as having small feet indicated that it was moderately reliable when applied by volunteers, with a kappa score of 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.40 – 0.66) . Examination of differences revealed that community volunteers systematically underestimated the length of Newborn feet compared to the researcher (mean difference �0.26 cm (95% confidence interval �0.31—0.22), thus overestimating the number of Newborns needing extra care. Conclusions: The Newborn foot length tool used by community volunteers to identify small babies born at home was moderately reliable in southern Tanzania where a large number of births occur at home and scales are not available. Newborn foot length is not the best anthropometric proxy for birthweight but was simple to implement at home in the first days of life when the risk of Newborn Death is highest.