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A A Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth and nutrient concentration in coffee root system under weed species competition
Planta Daninha, 2007Co-Authors: C P Ronchi, A A Terra, A A SilvaAbstract:The effects of competition of six weed species on growth, nutrient concentration and nutrient content of coffee plant root system under greenhouse conditions were evaluated. Thirty days after coffee seedling transplantation into 12 L pots with soil level area of 6.5 dm2. Weeds were transplanted or sowed in these pots, at densities of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot. The duration of competition (or weedy periods) from weed transplantation or emergence until plant harvesting, at the weed preflowering stage, were (in days): 77 (Bidens pilosa), 180 (Commelina diffusa), 82 (Leonurus sibiricus), 68 (Nicandra physaloides), 148 (Richardia brasiliensis) and 133 (Sida rhombifolia). Dry matter of coffee plants was linearly reduced with increasing B. pilosa and S. rhombifolia density, with pronounced effect of B. pilosa. C. diffusa was the only weed species whose increasing density in the pots did not diminish crop root dry matter. L. sibiricus, N. physaloides and R. brasiliensis reduced root dry matter of coffee plants by 75, 52 and 47%, respectively, as compared to the weed-free treatment, regardless of weed density. Under competition, even though weed species showed lower macronutrient concentration in the roots (except for P), they accumulated 4.2 (N), 12.3 (P), 4.3 (K), 5.5 (Ca), 7.6 (Mg) and 4.4 (S) times more nutrients in the roots than the coffee plants. Crop and weed nutrient concentration, as well as competition degrees greatly varied depending on both weed species and densities.
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Growth and nutrient concentration in coffee root system under weed species competition Crescimento e concentração de nutrientes no sistema radicular do cafeeiro sob competição de plantas daninhas
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2007Co-Authors: C P Ronchi, A A Terra, A A SilvaAbstract:The effects of competition of six weed species on growth, nutrient concentration and nutrient content of coffee plant root system under greenhouse conditions were evaluated. Thirty days after coffee seedling transplantation into 12 L pots with soil level area of 6.5 dm². Weeds were transplanted or sowed in these pots, at densities of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot. The duration of competition (or weedy periods) from weed transplantation or emergence until plant harvesting, at the weed preflowering stage, were (in days): 77 (Bidens pilosa), 180 (Commelina diffusa), 82 (Leonurus sibiricus), 68 (Nicandra physaloides), 148 (Richardia brasiliensis) and 133 (Sida rhombifolia). Dry matter of coffee plants was linearly reduced with increasing B. pilosa and S. rhombifolia density, with pronounced effect of B. pilosa. C. diffusa was the only weed species whose increasing density in the pots did not diminish crop root dry matter. L. sibiricus, N. physaloides and R. brasiliensis reduced root dry matter of coffee plants by 75, 52 and 47%, respectively, as compared to the weed-free treatment, regardless of weed density. Under competition, even though weed species showed lower macronutrient concentration in the roots (except for P), they accumulated 4.2 (N), 12.3 (P), 4.3 (K), 5.5 (Ca), 7.6 (Mg) and 4.4 (S) times more nutrients in the roots than the coffee plants. Crop and weed nutrient concentration, as well as competition degrees greatly varied depending on both weed species and densities.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da competição de seis espécies de plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento, a concentração e o conteúdo de nutrientes no sistema radicular de plantas de café, cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Aos 30 dias após o transplantio das mudas de café, em vasos contendo 12 L de substrato e com área de 6,5 dm² na superfície do solo, fez-se o transplantio e, ou, a semeadura das espécies daninhas nesses vasos, em seis densidades (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 plantas por vaso). Os períodos de convivência, desde o transplantio ou emergência das plantas daninhas até a colheita das plantas, quando do florescimento das plantas daninhas, foram (em dias): 77 (Bidens pilosa), 180 (Commelina diffusa), 82 (Leonurus sibiricus), 68 (Nicandra physaloides), 148 (Richardia brasiliensis) e 133 (Sida rhombifolia). A massa seca do sistema radicular das plantas de café reduziu-se linearmente com o aumento da densidade de B. pilosa e de S. rhombifolia, com efeito mais pronunciado em B. pilosa. C. diffusa foi a única espécie que não reduziu o acúmulo de matéria seca no sistema radicular das plantas de café. L. sibiricus, N. physaloides e R. brasiliensis reduziram a massa seca da raiz do café em 75, 52 e 47%, respectivamente, comparado ao tratamento livre de interferência, independentemente da densidade de plantas daninhas. Sob competição, apesar de apresentarem, no seu sistema radicular, concentrações de macronutrientes (exceto para P) inferiores àquelas do café, as plantas daninhas acumularam 4,2 (N), 12,3 (P), 4,3 (K), 5,5 (Ca), 7,6 (Mg) e 4,4 (S) vezes mais nutrientes nas raízes que as plantas de café. A concentração de nutrientes no café e nas plantas daninhas, assim como o grau de interferência dessas plantas, variaram fortemente com a espécie e densidade de planta daninha
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Effects of weed species competition on the growth of young coffee plants Efeitos da competição de plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento de plantas jovens de café
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2006Co-Authors: C P Ronchi, A A SilvaAbstract:The effects of competition of seven weed species on the growth of coffee plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Thirty days after coffee seedling transplantation into 12 L pots with soil level area of 6.5 dm², weeds were transplanted into or sown in those pots, at densities of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot. Competition or weedy periods from weed transplantation or emergence to plant harvesting, at weed pre-flowering stage, were: 77 days - Bidens pilosa, 98 days - Brachiaria decumbens, 180 days - Commelina diffusa, 82 days - Leonurus sibiricus, 68 days - Nicandra physaloides, 148 days - Richardia brasiliensis and 133 days - Sida rhombifolia. Coffee plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and shoot dry matter were determined. Effects of competition by N. physaloides and S. rhombifolia against coffee plants were among the lowest, since only a slight decrease in all the characteristics evaluated in coffee plants was observed. The other weed species caused severe decrease in growth, mainly with increasing weed plant densities. Competition degree was found to depend on weed species and density.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da competição de sete espécies de plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento de plantas de café, cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Aos 30 dias após o transplantio das mudas de café, em vasos contendo 12 L de substrato e com área de 6,5 dm² na superfície do solo, fez-se o transplantio e/ou a semeadura das espécies daninhas nesses vasos, em seis densidades (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 plantas por vaso). Os períodos de convivência, desde o transplantio ou emergência das plantas daninhas até a colheita das plantas, quando do florescimento das plantas daninhas, foram de 77 dias - Bidens pilosa, 180 dias - Commelina diffusa, 82 dias - Leonurus sibiricus, 68 dias - Nicandra physaloides, 148 dias - Richardia brasiliensis e 133 dias - Sida rhombifolia. Foram avaliados a altura de plantas, o diâmetro do caule, o número de folhas e a massa seca da parte aérea das plantas de café. Os efeitos da competição de N. physaloides e S. rhombifolia sobre as plantas de café foram os menores comparados aos causados pelas demais espécies de plantas daninhas, uma vez que apenas leves decréscimos - em todas as características avaliadas - no cafeeiro foram observados. As demais espécies de plantas daninhas causaram severa redução no crescimento do cafeeiro, principalmente com o incremento da densidade delas. O grau de interferência variou com a espécie e com a densidade das plantas daninhas
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Acúmulo de nutrientes pelo cafeeiro sob interferência de plantas daninhas Nutrient contents of coffee plants under weed interference
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2003Co-Authors: C P Ronchi, A A Silva, A A Terra, L.r. FerreiraAbstract:As plantas jovens de café são muito sensíveis à interferência das plantas daninhas, devido à forte competição por nutrientes que se estabelece entre essas plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, portanto, avaliar os efeitos da interferência de sete espécies de plantas daninhas no conteúdo relativo (CR) de macro e micronutrientes, na massa seca da parte aérea de plantas de café. Aos 30 dias após o transplantio das mudas de café, em vasos contendo 12 L de substrato, fez-se o transplantio e/ou a semeadura das espécies daninhas, em seis densidades (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 plantas por vaso). Os períodos de convivência, desde o transplantio ou emergência das plantas daninhas até a colheita das plantas, foram de 77 dias - Bidens pilosa, 180 dias - Commelina diffusa, 82 dias - Leonurus sibiricus, 68 dias - Nicandra physaloides, 148 dias - Richardia brasiliensis e 133 dias - Sida rhombifolia. B. pilosa, C. diffusa, L. sibiricus e R. brasiliensis, mesmo em baixas densidades, acarretaram decréscimos consideráveis no conteúdo relativo de nutrientes de plantas de café. B. pilosa foi a planta daninha que extraiu a maior quantidade de nutrientes, enquanto N. physaloides e S. rhombifolia foram as espécies que causaram menor interferência ao cafeeiro. O grau de interferência variou com a espécie e com a densidade das plantas daninhas.Young coffee plants are very sensitive to weed interference due to the high nutrient competition among these plants. This work was conducted to evaluate the interference effects of seven weed species on the relative contents (RC) of macro and micro-nutrients in coffee shoot dry matter. At 30 days after coffee seedling transplantation in 12 L pots, the weeds were transplanted to or sowed in those pots (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot). The weedy periods, from weed transplantation or emergence to plant harvesting, were 77 days - Bidens pilosa, 180 days - Commelina diffusa, 82 days - Leonurus sibiricus, 68 days - Nicandra physaloides, 148 days - Richardia brasiliensis and 133 days - Sida rhombifolia. B. pilosa, C. diffusa, L. sibiricus and R. brasiliensis caused considerable decreases in the nutrient RC of the coffee plants, even at low densities. B. pilosa absorved the highest nutrient amounts, while N. physaloides and S. rhombifolia caused the least interference in coffee plants. The degree of interference depended both on the species and density of the weeds
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estudos anatomicos de folhas de plantas daninhas i Nicandra physaloides solanum viarum solanum americanum e raphanus raphanistrum
Planta Daninha, 2002Co-Authors: Evander Alves Ferreira, E A M Silva, S O Procopio, A A Silva, Russell J. RufinoAbstract:O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a anatomia das folhas das especies de plantas daninhas Nicandra physaloides (joa-de-capote), Solanum viarum (joa-bravo), Solanum americanum (maria-pretinha) e Raphanus raphanistrum (nabica), visando obter melhor entendimento sobre as barreiras que cada especie impoe a penetracao dos herbicidas. Folhas completamente expandidas do terceiro ao quinto no foram coletadas de plantas de ocorrencia espontânea no campo. Das folhas de cada especie foram obtidas tres amostras da regiao central mediana, com aproximadamente 1 cm2, as quais foram utilizadas em estudos da estrutura, clarificacao e nas observacoes em microscopio eletronico de varredura (MEV). Todas as especies avaliadas sao anfiestomaticas. O principal obstaculo foliar a penetracao de herbicidas constatado em N. physaloides foi a alta densidade tricomatica. Ja em relacao a S. viarum, baixa densidade estomatica na face adaxial, alta densidade tricomatica, presenca de placas de cera epicuticular e grande espessura das cuticulas foram as principais barreiras detectadas. S. americanum apresentou como principais obstaculos foliares a penetracao de herbicidas a baixa densidade estomatica na face adaxial e a grande espessura da cuticula da face adaxial, sendo esta ultima a unica barreira constatada nas folhas de R. raphanistrum.
L.b Carvalho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do quiabo Periods of weed interference in okra crop
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2013Co-Authors: L.p.s Bachega, S Bianco, L.b Carvalho, A.b Cecílio FilhoAbstract:Poucas pesquisas têm sido realizadas sobre interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do quiabo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar os períodos de interferência da comunidade infestante no quiabeiro. Um experimento de campo foi conduzido sob dois grupos de tratamentos, mantendo períodos crescentes de 0 (testemunha), 7, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 63, 77, 91 e 105 dias após a emergência da cultura (DAE), com e sem controle das plantas daninhas. As plantas daninhas com maior importância relativa foram Portulaca oleracea, Nicandra physaloides e Eleusine indica. A convivência do quiabeiro com as plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo de cultivo reduziu a produtividade da cultura em 95%. O período anterior à interferência foi de 57 DAE, enquanto o período total de prevenção à interferência foi de 14 DAE. Não houve período crítico de prevenção à interferência, sendo um único controle das plantas daninhas entre 14 e 57 DAE suficiente para prevenir a interferência na cultura do quiabo.Few research works have been carried out on weed interference in okra crop. The aim of this study was to estimate the periods of weed interference in okra crop. Thus, a field trial was carried out under two groups of treatments, using increased periods of 0 (check), 7, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 63, 77, 91, and 105 days after crop emergence (DAE) with weed control and without weed control. Weeds with highest relative importance were Portulaca oleracea, Nicandra physaloides, and Eleusine indica. Coexistence of okra crop and weeds throughout the season reduced crop yield by 95%. The period before interference was 57 DAE, while total period of interference prevention was 14 DAE. There was no critical period of interference prevention, with a single weed control between 14 and 57 DAE being sufficient for interference prevention in okra crop
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The effects of the coexistence of weed communities on table beet yield during early crop development = Efeitos de convivência da comunidade de plantas daninhas na produção de beterraba durante o desenvolvimento inicial da cultura
Eduem (Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá), 2010Co-Authors: L.b Carvalho, Arthur Bernardes Cecilio Filho, Caio Dória Guzzo, Robinson Antonio Pitelli, Silvano BiancoAbstract:The objective was to evaluate the effects of initial weedy periods on the weed community and on the productivity of direct seeded and transplanted table beet cropping systems. A field trial was conducted at São Paulo State University, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme. Direct seeding and seedling transplanting methods were evaluated within thirteen increasing weekly weedy periods. Weed relative importance was calculated and weed density and weed dry matter accumulation data were analyzed by nonlinear regression as well as beet yield and stand, which were submitted to analysis of variance. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora and Nicandra physaloides were the most important weeds found, with special reference to C. didymus. Weed dry matter accumulation was greater in the direct seeded crop, although weed density was higher in the transplanted crop. Transplanted beet yield was greater than of direct seeded beet in the weed-free treatment during the whole crop cycle. Crop-weed coexistence could remain for four and seven weeks after seeding/transplanting in direct seeded and in transplanted beet, respectively, before reducing yield economically. Thus, direct seeded crop was more susceptible to weed interference than the transplanted one.Objetivando avaliar efeitos de períodos de infestação inicial na comunidade infestante e na produtividade da beterraba em sistema de semeadura direta e transplantio, conduziu-se um experimento em delineamento de blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 2 x 13. Métodos de semeadura direta e transplante de mudas foram avaliados dentro de 13 períodos semanais crescentes de infestação. Importância relativa, densidade e matéria seca acumulada pelas plantas daninhas foram analisadas por regressão não-linear, assim como produtividade e estande da cultura de beterraba, que foram submetidos à análise de variância. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora e Nicandra physaloides foram as plantas daninhas mais importantes, destacando-se C. didymus. O acúmulo de matéria seca das plantas daninhas foi maior na culturaem semeadura direta, embora a densidade de plantas daninhas tenha sido mais alta em sistema de transplantio. A produtividade da beterraba transplantada foi maior que a da semeadura direta notratamento livre de plantas daninhas. A convivência das plantas daninhas com a cultura pode permanecer por quatro e sete semanas depois da semeadura/transplantio, respectivamente, antes de reduzir a produtividade. A cultura em sistema de semeadura direta foi mais susceptível à interferência das plantas daninhas que a cultura sob sistema de transplantio
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Interferência e estudo fitossociológico da comunidade infestante na cultura da beterraba transplantada
Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2008Co-Authors: L.b Carvalho, Pitelli, Robinson Antonio, Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes, Guzzo, Caio DóriaAbstract:O trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo fitossociológico e a determinação dos períodos críticos de interferência da comunidade infestante na cultura da beterraba transplantada. Os tratamentos consistiram em períodos semanais crescentes de convivência e de controle da comunidade infestante, a partir da segunda semana após o transplante das mudas. A comunidade infestante foi avaliada por meio do número de indivíduos e da massa seca acumulada correspondente, para cada população de planta daninha e período avaliado. A cultura foi colhida 91 dias após o transplante das mudas, quando se avaliou o diâmetro transversal e a produtividade comercial das raízes. As principais plantas daninhas encontradas foram Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra physaloides e Solanum americanum. As populações encontradas apresentaram alta similaridade entre si. O período anterior à interferência e o período total de prevenção à interferência foram 51 e 35 dias após o transplante das mudas, respectivamente. A produção da beterraba mantida no limpo foi 44,92 t ha-1, e a redução devido à interferência das plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo foi mais de 70%
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Interference and phytosociological study of weed communities on transplanted beets - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v30i3.3508
Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2008Co-Authors: L.b Carvalho, Pitelli, Robinson Antonio, Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes, Bianco Silvano, Guzzo, Caio DóriaAbstract:O trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo fitossociológico e a determinação dos períodos críticos de interferência da comunidade infestante na cultura da beterraba transplantada. Os tratamentos consistiram em períodos semanais crescentes de convivência e de controle da comunidade infestante, a partir da segunda semana após o transplante das mudas. A comunidade infestante foi avaliada por meio do número de indivíduos e da massa seca acumulada correspondente, para cada população de planta daninha e período avaliado. A cultura foi colhida 91 dias após o transplante das mudas, quando se avaliou o diâmetro transversal e a produtividade comercial das raízes. As principais plantas daninhas encontradas foram Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra physaloides e Solanum americanum. As populações encontradas apresentaram alta similaridade entre si. O período anterior à interferência e o período total de prevenção à interferência foram 51 e 35 dias após o transplante das mudas, respectivamente. A produção da beterraba mantida no limpo foi 44,92 t ha-1, e a redução devido à interferência das plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo foi mais de 70%.The objective of this research was to study the phytosociological and critical interference periods of weed communities on transplanted beets. The treatments consisted of increasing weekly weedy/weed-free periods, starting at the second week after seedling transplanting. The weed community was evaluated based on the number of individuals and their corresponding accumulated dry mass, for each weed population and evaluated period. The beets were harvested 91 days after transplanting, followed by evaluation of the cross-sectional diameter and marketable yield. The weed communities were composed mainly of Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra physaloides and Solanum americanum, and the populations were very similar. The period before weed interference and the total period of weed interference prevention were 51 and 35 days after transplanting, respectively. The beet yield in the weed-free treatment was 44.92 t ha-1 and the reduction from weed interference was more than 70%
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Interferência e estudo fitossociológico da comunidade infestante em beterraba de semeadura direta Interference and phytosociological study of the weed community on direct sowing beet
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2008Co-Authors: L.b Carvalho, S Bianco, A.b Cecílio Filho, R.a. Pitelli, C.d. GuzzoAbstract:Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo fitossociológico e a determinação dos períodos de interferência da comunidade infestante na cultura de beterraba cultivada sob semeadura direta. Os tratamentos consistiram em períodos semanais crescentes de convivência e controle da comunidade infestante, a partir da segunda semana após semeadura. A comunidade infestante foi avaliada por meio do número de indivíduos e da massa seca acumulada correspondente, para cada população de planta daninha e período avaliado. A cultura foi colhida 91 dias após a semeadura, quando se avaliou o diâmetro transversal e a produção comercial de raízes. As principais plantas daninhas encontradas foram Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra physaloides e Solanum americanum. As populações encontradas apresentaram alta similaridade. O período anterior à interferência e o período total de prevenção à interferência foram de 14 e 36 dias após a semeadura, respectivamente. A produtividade da beterraba mantida no limpo foi de 37,99 t ha¹, e a redução devido à interferência das plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo pode ser maior que 90%.This work aimed to carry out a phytosociological study and to determine the critical interference periods of the weed community on direct sowing beet. The treatments were weedy and weed-free increasing weekly periods, starting at the second week after sowing. The weed community was evaluated based on the number of individuals and their correspondent dry mass accumulation, for each weed population and evaluated period. The beet was harvested 91 days after sowing, followed by transversal diameter and marketable yield evaluation. The weed communities were composed mainly by Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra physaloides and Solanum americanum, and the populations were very similar. The period before weed interference and the entire period of weed interference prevention were 14 and 36 days after sowing, respectively. Beet yield in the weed-free treatments was 37.99 t ha-1and weed interference can be over 90%
Evander Alves Ferreira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ACCUMULATION POTENTIAL AND NUTRIENT CYCLING OF APPLE OF PERU (Nicandra physalodes)
'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)', 2018Co-Authors: Christiano Da ConceiÇÃo De Matos, Elizzandra Marta Martins Gandini, EulÁlia Aparecida Silva, JosÉ Barbosa Dos Santos, Evander Alves FerreiraAbstract:Weed residues can influence nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. Quantifying this potential nutrient source may influence weed control and fertilisation practices. Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. is a weed with a short life cycle and a great ability to accumulate dry matter. Field observations suggest that N. physaloides residues are easily decomposed in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing of N, P and K doses on the growth of N. physalodes, as well as the nutrient content, chemical characteristics and C/N ratio of the weed. A randomised block design, arranged in split-plot with three replications, was utilised. The main plots were given four doses of NPK (Dose 1 - 0, 0.3 and 17.2 mg dm-3; Dose 2 - 30, 450.3 and 75.4 mg dm-3; Dose 3 - 60, 900.3 and 133.4 mg dm-3; and Dose 4 - 120, 1800.3 and 249.68 mg dm-3), and the subplots were harvested at ten time points after emergence (26, 33, 40, 47, 54, 61, 76, 91, 106 and 121 days). Higher dry matter production and N, P and K content were observed in plants grown on higher levels of fertiliser. The increase of N, P and K levels in the soil resulted in greater total accumulation of these macronutrients. The highest macronutrient contents were K and N. The treatments did not affect neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and C/N ratio of plant. N. physalodes had low C/N ratio, low NDF and ADF levels, and great nutrient accumulation, suggesting that this plant is quickly decomposed, providing a rapid cycling of nutrients
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Nicandra physalodes growth at different concentrations of N, P and K
Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2015Co-Authors: Christiano Da ConceiÇÃo De Matos, Cícero Teixeira Da ,silva, Elizzandra Marta Martins Gandini, JosÉ Barbosa Dos Santos, Priscila Torres Cunha, Daniel Valadão Silva, Edimilson Alves Barbosa, Evander Alves FerreiraAbstract:Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. is a weed that frequently infests Brazilian agricultural areas. Knowledge of the plant’s response to competition, in the form of nutrient availability in soil, is fundamental to management of agroecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of concentrations of N, P and K on the growth of N. physalodes. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, using a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement (4 x 10), with three replications. The main plots were four combinations of N, P and K: (L1) 0, 0.3 and 17.2 mg dm-3; (L2) 30, 450.3 and 75.4 mg dm-3; (L3) 60, 900.3 and 133.4 mg dm-3; and (L4) 120, 1800.3 and 249.68 mg dm-3. Subplots were used for 10 different harvest times: 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, 61, 76, 91, 106 and 121 days after emergence (DAE). The dry matter, dry matter partitioning, leaf area, relative growth rate, height and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II were measured in N. physalodes plants at each harvest time. Overall, the leaves showed higher total dry matter accumulation up to 61 DAE. After that, the reproductive organs showed higher accumulation. Increasing concentrations of N, P and K resulted in higher plant height and dry matter of N. physalodes. Moreover, doubling the nutrient levels resulted in a proportional increase in dry matter accumulation. However, N. physalodes showed lower growth under natural soil fertility conditions (L1 treatment). Thus, increasing concentrations of N, P, and K promoted higher growth of N. physalodes. Biomass distribution was not changed by fertilization. There is evidence that N. physalodes could adapt easily in fertile soil. Thus, this species has greater competitive potential in high fertility soils
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estudos anatomicos de folhas de plantas daninhas i Nicandra physaloides solanum viarum solanum americanum e raphanus raphanistrum
Planta Daninha, 2002Co-Authors: Evander Alves Ferreira, E A M Silva, S O Procopio, A A Silva, Russell J. RufinoAbstract:O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a anatomia das folhas das especies de plantas daninhas Nicandra physaloides (joa-de-capote), Solanum viarum (joa-bravo), Solanum americanum (maria-pretinha) e Raphanus raphanistrum (nabica), visando obter melhor entendimento sobre as barreiras que cada especie impoe a penetracao dos herbicidas. Folhas completamente expandidas do terceiro ao quinto no foram coletadas de plantas de ocorrencia espontânea no campo. Das folhas de cada especie foram obtidas tres amostras da regiao central mediana, com aproximadamente 1 cm2, as quais foram utilizadas em estudos da estrutura, clarificacao e nas observacoes em microscopio eletronico de varredura (MEV). Todas as especies avaliadas sao anfiestomaticas. O principal obstaculo foliar a penetracao de herbicidas constatado em N. physaloides foi a alta densidade tricomatica. Ja em relacao a S. viarum, baixa densidade estomatica na face adaxial, alta densidade tricomatica, presenca de placas de cera epicuticular e grande espessura das cuticulas foram as principais barreiras detectadas. S. americanum apresentou como principais obstaculos foliares a penetracao de herbicidas a baixa densidade estomatica na face adaxial e a grande espessura da cuticula da face adaxial, sendo esta ultima a unica barreira constatada nas folhas de R. raphanistrum.
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anatomical studies of weed leaves i Nicandra physaloides solanum viarum solanum americanum and raphanus raphanistrum
Planta Daninha, 2002Co-Authors: Evander Alves Ferreira, E A M Silva, A A Silva, Sergio De Oliveira Procopio, Russell J. RufinoAbstract:ABSTRACT - This research aimed to study the leaf anatomy of the weed species Nicandraphysaloides, Solanum viarum, Solanum americanum and Raphanus raphanistrum toacquire a better understanding of the barriers each species imposes upon herbicide penetration.Completely expanded leaves from the third to the fifth node were collected from plantsspontaneously occurring in field. Three samples, with approximately 1 cm 2 , were taken at thecentral portion of the leaves in each species. These samples were used in structural studies,clarification and observation using a scanning-electron microscope (SEM). All species areamphistomatic. The main leaf barrier against herbicide penetration in N. physaloides was hightrichomic density, whereas in S. viarum, the main barriers were low stomatic density in theadaxial side, high trichomic density, high content of epicuticular wax and high cuticle thickness.S. americanum’s main leaf barriers were low stomatic density and high cuticle thickness inthe adaxial side. High cuticle thickness in the adaxial side was the only barrier observed inleaves of R. raphanistrum.
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Estudos anatômicos de folhas de plantas daninhas: I - Nicandra physaloides, Solanum viarum, Solanum americanum e Raphanus raphanistrum Anatomical studies of weed leaves: I - Nicandra physaloides, Solanum viarum, Solanum americanum and Raphanus raphanistrum
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2002Co-Authors: Evander Alves Ferreira, E A M Silva, S O Procopio, A A Silva, Russell J. RufinoAbstract:O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a anatomia das folhas das espécies de plantas daninhas Nicandra physaloides (joá-de-capote), Solanum viarum (joá-bravo), Solanum americanum (maria-pretinha) e Raphanus raphanistrum (nabiça), visando obter melhor entendimento sobre as barreiras que cada espécie impõe à penetração dos herbicidas. Folhas completamente expandidas do terceiro ao quinto nó foram coletadas de plantas de ocorrência espontânea no campo. Das folhas de cada espécie foram obtidas três amostras da região central mediana, com aproximadamente 1 cm², as quais foram utilizadas em estudos da estrutura, clarificação e nas observações em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Todas as espécies avaliadas são anfiestomáticas. O principal obstáculo foliar à penetração de herbicidas constatado em N. physaloides foi a alta densidade tricomática. Já em relação a S. viarum, baixa densidade estomática na face adaxial, alta densidade tricomática, presença de placas de cera epicuticular e grande espessura das cutículas foram as principais barreiras detectadas. S. americanum apresentou como principais obstáculos foliares à penetração de herbicidas a baixa densidade estomática na face adaxial e a grande espessura da cutícula da face adaxial, sendo esta última a única barreira constatada nas folhas de R. raphanistrum.This research aimed to study the leaf anatomy of the weed species Nicandra physaloides, Solanum viarum, Solanum americanum and Raphanus raphanistrum to acquire a better understanding of the barriers each species imposes upon herbicide penetration. Completely expanded leaves from the third to the fifth node were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in field. Three samples, with approximately 1 cm², were taken at the central portion of the leaves in each species. These samples were used in structural studies, clarification and observation using a scanning-electron microscope (SEM). All species are amphistomatic. The main leaf barrier against herbicide penetration in N. physaloides was high trichomic density, whereas in S. viarum, the main barriers were low stomatic density in the adaxial side, high trichomic density, high content of epicuticular wax and high cuticle thickness. S. americanum's main leaf barriers were low stomatic density and high cuticle thickness in the adaxial side. High cuticle thickness in the adaxial side was the only barrier observed in leaves of R. raphanistrum
Pinto Carrasco Daniel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nicandra physalodes (G.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae), nuevo xenófito para la flora de Castilla y León
2019Co-Authors: Pinto Carrasco DanielAbstract:First reference on the presence of Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae), native of Perú, in the flora of Castilla y León is provided. This species has been located in an orchard in Castrillo de la Vega (Burgos province, Spain). The provenance of the seeds is discussed.Se cita por primera vez en Castilla y León Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae), planta oriunda de Perú. Ha sido localizada en un huerto de Castrillo de la Vega (provincia de Burgos - España). Se discute sobre la procedencia de las semilla
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Nicandra physalodes (G.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae), nuevo xenófito para la flora de Castilla y León
2019Co-Authors: Pinto Carrasco DanielAbstract:Se cita por primera vez en Castilla y León Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae), planta oriunda de Perú. Ha sido localizada en un huerto de Castrillo de la Vega (provincia de Burgos - España). Se discute sobre la procedencia de las semilla
Guzzo, Caio Dória - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effects of the coexistence of weed communities on table beet yield during early crop development
Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (EDUEM), 2010Co-Authors: Carvalho, Leonardo Bianco, Pitelli, Robinson Antonio, Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes, Guzzo, Caio Dória, Bianco SilvanoAbstract:Objetivando avaliar efeitos de períodos de infestação inicial na comunidade infestante e na produtividade da beterraba em sistema de semeadura direta e transplantio, conduziu-se um experimento em delineamento de blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 2 x 13. Métodos de semeadura direta e transplante de mudas foram avaliados dentro de 13 períodos semanais crescentes de infestação. Importância relativa, densidade e matéria seca acumulada pelas plantas daninhas foram analisadas por regressão não-linear, assim como produtividade e estande da cultura de beterraba, que foram submetidos à análise de variância. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora e Nicandra physaloides foram as plantas daninhas mais importantes, destacando-se C. didymus. O acúmulo de matéria seca das plantas daninhas foi maior na cultura em semeadura direta, embora a densidade de plantas daninhas tenha sido mais alta em sistema de transplantio. A produtividade da beterraba transplantada foi maior que a da semeadura direta no tratamento livre de plantas daninhas. A convivência das plantas daninhas com a cultura pode permanecer por quatro e sete semanas depois da semeadura/transplantio, respectivamente, antes de reduzir a produtividade. A cultura em sistema de semeadura direta foi mais susceptível à interferência das plantas daninhas que a cultura sob sistema de transplantio.The objective was to evaluate the effects of initial weedy periods on the weed community and on the productivity of direct seeded and transplanted table beet cropping systems. A field trial was conducted at São Paulo State University, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme. Direct seeding and seedling transplanting methods were evaluated within thirteen increasing weekly weedy periods. Weed relative importance was calculated and weed density and weed dry matter accumulation data were analyzed by nonlinear regression as well as beet yield and stand, which were submitted to analysis of variance. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora and Nicandra physaloides were the most important weeds found, with special reference to C. didymus. Weed dry matter accumulation was greater in the direct seeded crop, although weed density was higher in the transplanted crop. Transplanted beet yield was greater than of direct seeded beet in the weed-free treatment during the whole crop cycle. Crop-weed coexistence could remain for four and seven weeks after seeding/transplanting in direct seeded and in transplanted beet, respectively, before reducing yield economically. Thus, direct seeded crop was more susceptible to weed interference than the transplanted one
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The effects of the coexistence of weed communities on table beet yield during early crop development
Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2010Co-Authors: Carvalho, Leonardo Bianco, Pitelli, Robinson Antonio, Guzzo, Caio Dória, Cecílio Filho, Arthur BernardesAbstract:The objective was to evaluate the effects of initial weedy periods on the weed community and on the productivity of direct seeded and transplanted table beet cropping systems. A field trial was conducted at São Paulo State University, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme. Direct seeding and seedling transplanting methods were evaluated within thirteen increasing weekly weedy periods. Weed relative importance was calculated and weed density and weed dry matter accumulation data were analyzed by nonlinear regression as well as beet yield and stand, which were submitted to analysis of variance. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora and Nicandra physaloides were the most important weeds found, with special reference to C. didymus. Weed dry matter accumulation was greater in the direct seeded crop, although weed density was higher in the transplanted crop. Transplanted beet yield was greater than of direct seeded beet in the weed-free treatment during the whole crop cycle. Crop-weed coexistence could remain for four and seven weeks after seeding/transplanting in direct seeded and in transplanted beet, respectively, before reducing yield economically. Thus, direct seeded crop was more susceptible to weed interference than the transplanted one
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The effects of the coexistence of weed communities on table beet yield during early crop development - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i4.4649
Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2010Co-Authors: Carvalho, Leonardo Bianco, Pitelli, Robinson Antonio, Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes, Guzzo, Caio Dória, Bianco SilvanoAbstract:The objective was to evaluate the effects of initial weedy periods on the weed community and on the productivity of direct seeded and transplanted table beet cropping systems. A field trial was conducted at São Paulo State University, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme. Direct seeding and seedling transplanting methods were evaluated within thirteen increasing weekly weedy periods. Weed relative importance was calculated and weed density and weed dry matter accumulation data were analyzed by nonlinear regression as well as beet yield and stand, which were submitted to analysis of variance. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora and Nicandra physaloides were the most important weeds found, with special reference to C. didymus. Weed dry matter accumulation was greater in the direct seeded crop, although weed density was higher in the transplanted crop. Transplanted beet yield was greater than of direct seeded beet in the weed-free treatment during the whole crop cycle. Crop-weed coexistence could remain for four and seven weeks after seeding/transplanting in direct seeded and in transplanted beet, respectively, before reducing yield economically. Thus, direct seeded crop was more susceptible to weed interference than the transplanted one.The objective was to evaluate the effects of initial weedy periods on the weed community and on the productivity of direct seeded and transplanted table beet cropping systems. A field trial was conducted at São Paulo State University, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme. Direct seeding and seedling transplanting methods were evaluated within thirteen increasing weekly weedy periods. Weed relative importance was calculated and weed density and weed dry matter accumulation data were analyzed by nonlinear regression as well as beet yield and stand, which were submitted to analysis of variance. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora and Nicandra physaloides were the most important weeds found, with special reference to C. didymus. Weed dry matter accumulation was greater in the direct seeded crop, although weed density was higher in the transplanted crop. Transplanted beet yield was greater than of direct seeded beet in the weed-free treatment during the whole crop cycle. Crop-weed coexistence could remain for four and seven weeks after seeding/transplanting in direct seeded and in transplanted beet, respectively, before reducing yield economically. Thus, direct seeded crop was more susceptible to weed interference than the transplanted one
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Interferência e estudo fitossociológico da comunidade infestante na cultura da beterraba transplantada
Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2008Co-Authors: L.b Carvalho, Pitelli, Robinson Antonio, Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes, Guzzo, Caio DóriaAbstract:O trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo fitossociológico e a determinação dos períodos críticos de interferência da comunidade infestante na cultura da beterraba transplantada. Os tratamentos consistiram em períodos semanais crescentes de convivência e de controle da comunidade infestante, a partir da segunda semana após o transplante das mudas. A comunidade infestante foi avaliada por meio do número de indivíduos e da massa seca acumulada correspondente, para cada população de planta daninha e período avaliado. A cultura foi colhida 91 dias após o transplante das mudas, quando se avaliou o diâmetro transversal e a produtividade comercial das raízes. As principais plantas daninhas encontradas foram Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra physaloides e Solanum americanum. As populações encontradas apresentaram alta similaridade entre si. O período anterior à interferência e o período total de prevenção à interferência foram 51 e 35 dias após o transplante das mudas, respectivamente. A produção da beterraba mantida no limpo foi 44,92 t ha-1, e a redução devido à interferência das plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo foi mais de 70%
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Interferência e estudo fitossociológico da comunidade infestante na cultura da beterraba transplantada
Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Pro-reitoria Pesquisa Pos-graduacao, 2008Co-Authors: De Carvalho, Leonardo Bianco, Pitelli, Robinson Antonio, Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes, Bianco Silvano, Guzzo, Caio DóriaAbstract:The objective of this research was to Study the phytosociological and critical interference periods of weed communities Oil transplanted beets. The treatments consisted of increasing weekly weedy/weed-free periods, starting it the second week after seedling transplanting. The weed community was evaluated based oil the number of individuals and their corresponding accumulated dry mass, for each weed population and evaluated period. The beets were harvested 91 days after transplanting, followed by evaluation of the cross-sectional diameter and marketable yield. The weed communities were composed mainly of Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Galinsoga parviflora, Nicandra physaloides and Solanum americanum, and the populations were very similar. The period before weed interference and the total period of weed interference prevention were 51 and 35 days after transplanting, respectively. The beet yield in the weed-free treatment was 44.92 t ha(-1) and the reduction from weed interference was more than 70%