The Experts below are selected from a list of 8262 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ralph E White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a mathematical model of a sealed Nickel Cadmium battery
    Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1991
    Co-Authors: Ralph E White
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a mathematical model for the charge and discharge of a sealed Nickel-Cadmium (Ni- Cd) battery. The model is used to study the effect of transport properties of the electrolyte and kinetic parameters of the electrode reactions on the cell performance during the charge and discharge period. The model can also be used to demonstrate the changes of cell performance during cycling. Some comparisons between model predictions and experimental results indicate that the model predictions appear to fit the experimental data well. Sensitivity analyses illustrate that the sealed Nickel-Cadmium battery operates under activation control. It is also shown theoretically that oxygen generated on the positive electrode during charge is reduced electrochemically on the negative electrode.

Ghose Shantu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Energy Storage Modeling Library (ESML) for DC NANO-GRID
    Digital Commons@Georgia Southern, 2016
    Co-Authors: El-shahat Adel, Ghose Shantu
    Abstract:

    When renewable energy introduces the term “energy storage” automatically comes. Because electric power is consumed the instant it is produced so electrical energy storage technologies are designed to absorb electrical energy directly and release it as electrical energy (act like a generator) at a later time. To mitigate the problem of intermittency of renewable energy as well as to improve the controllability of transmission and distribution systems, energy storage is an important factor. It can be used from a very small scale to large scale such as cell-phone, pumped hydro storage (PHS), compressed air energy storages (CAES) and so on. For medium or high power applications, micro grid can be used to provide power to its local area. But when there is need of a medium scale or large-scale energy storage, and PHS and CAES are unavailable, the only solution is to integrate small-scale energy storage systems together to form an energy storage DC Nano-grid. So, modeling of different types of storage devices and techniques is very important issue to figure out more about various characteristics of each one before starting the control, management and implementation process. Different storage devices and techniques are modeled and simulated in this work as the following: Lead-acid battery, Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery, Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, ZEBRA battery, Sodium-sulfur battery, Ultra-capacitor, Flywheel energy storage (FES), Super-conducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), Vanadium redox flow battery (VRB), Zinc bromine flow battery (ZnBr), Compressed air energy storage (CAES) and Pumped hydro storage (PHS). MATLAB software, Simulink and Power System toolbox are used in modeling and simulation process. Then the concept of energy storage DC Nano-grid based on the different results characteristics is illustrated. Finally, a comparison of energy storage technologies for power Applications is presented

  • Modeling & Simulation of Energy Storage for DC NANO- GRID
    Digital Commons@Georgia Southern, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ghose Shantu
    Abstract:

    Modern power systems could not exist without the many forms of energy storage. It has been playing an important role in power world today. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources can be a solution to reduce dependency on fossil fuel and nuclear power. So, when renewable energy introduce, the term energy storage automatically comes. Because electric power is consumed the instant it is produced so electrical energy storage technologies are designed to absorb electrical energy directly and release it as electrical energy (act like a generator) at a later time. To mitigate the problem of intermittency of renewable energy as well as to improve the controllability of transmission and distribution systems, energy storage is an important factor. It can be used from a very small scale to large scale such as cell-phone, pumped hydro storage (PHS), compressed air energy storages (CAES) and so on. For medium or high power applications, micro grid can be used to provide power to its local area. But when there is need of a medium scale or large-scale energy storage, and PHS and CAES are unavailable, the only solution is to integrate small-scale energy storage systems together to form an energy storage DC Nano-grid. In this study, we will discuss about various types of energy storage and their characteristics and control the overall energy storage DC Nano-grid or energy storage system. So, modeling of different types of storage devices and techniques is very important issue to figure out more about various characteristics of each one before starting the control, management and implementation process. Different storage devices and techniques are modeled and simulated in this work as the following: Lead-acid battery, Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery, Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, ZEBRA battery, Sodium-sulfur battery, Ultra-capacitor, Flywheel energy storage (FES), Super-conducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), Vanadium redox flow battery (VRB), Zinc bromine flow battery (ZnBr), Compressed air energy storage (CAES) and Pumped hydro storage (PHS). MATLAB software, Simulink and Power System toolbox are used in modeling and simulation process. Then the concept of energy storage DC Nano-grid based on the different results characteristics is illustrated. Finally, a comparison of energy storage technologies for power Applications is presented

Cheng Hsien Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • recycling of spent Nickel Cadmium battery using a thermal separation process
    Environmental Progress, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yunying Hung, Chih-ta Wang, Jian Wen Wang, Cheng Hsien Tsai
    Abstract:

    Spent batteries, which contain many hazardous metals, may lead to secondary pollution if not properly treated. Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals that are worth recovery. They are mainly composed of a positive electrode (33.3%), a negative electrode (28.8%), and a metal can (14.5%). The main composition of the positive electrode and negative electrode are Ni (304,000 mg/kg) and Cd (531,000 mg/kg), respectively. The other components are mainly composed of Fe. In this study, a thermal separation process (TSP) was used to recover valuable metals from spent Ni-Cd batteries with limestone and cullet additives. After the TSP, the output-materials were divided into slag, ingot, and flue gas. The slag was mainly composed of Ca and Si, and the major crystalline phase was CaSiO3. The slag was verified to be a nonhazardous material using a toxicity characteristics leaching procedure and could thus be recycled. The ingot had a high level of Fe (514,000 mg/kg) and Ni (245,000 mg/kg), so it could be refined to recover the Ni or directly serve as an additive in the making of steel. The particulate phase of the flue gas contained high levels of Cd (686,000 mg/kg) and Zn (36,000 mg/kg) and could be refined to recover Cd. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 645–654, 2018

  • recycling of spent Nickel Cadmium battery using a thermal separation process
    Environmental Progress, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yunying Hung, Chih-ta Wang, Jian Wen Wang, Cheng Hsien Tsai
    Abstract:

    Spent batteries, which contain many hazardous metals, may lead to secondary pollution if not properly treated. Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals that are worth recovery. They are mainly composed of a positive electrode (33.3%), a negative electrode (28.8%), and a metal can (14.5%). The main composition of the positive electrode and negative electrode are Ni (304,000 mg/kg) and Cd (531,000 mg/kg), respectively. The other components are mainly composed of Fe. In this study, a thermal separation process (TSP) was used to recover valuable metals from spent Ni-Cd batteries with limestone and cullet additives. After the TSP, the output-materials were divided into slag, ingot, and flue gas. The slag was mainly composed of Ca and Si, and the major crystalline phase was CaSiO3. The slag was verified to be a nonhazardous material using a toxicity characteristics leaching procedure and could thus be recycled. The ingot had a high level of Fe (514,000 mg/kg) and Ni (245,000 mg/kg), so it could be refined to recover the Ni or directly serve as an additive in the making of steel. The particulate phase of the flue gas contained high levels of Cd (686,000 mg/kg) and Zn (36,000 mg/kg) and could be refined to recover Cd. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 645–654, 2018

Tom Hazeldine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Indicative energy technology assessment of advanced rechargeable batteries
    Applied Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Geoffrey P. Hammond, Tom Hazeldine
    Abstract:

    Several ‘Advanced Rechargeable Battery Technologies’ (ARBT) have been evaluated in terms of various energy, environmental, economic, and technical criteria. Their suitability for different applications, such as electric vehicles (EV), consumer electronics, load levelling, and stationary power storage, have also been examined. In order to gain a sense of perspective regarding the performance of the ARBT [including Lithium-Ion batteries (LIB), Li-Ion Polymer (LIP) and Sodium Nickel Chloride (NaNiCl) {or ‘ZEBRA’} batteries] they are compared to more mature Nickel–Cadmium (Ni–Cd) batteries. LIBs currently dominate the rechargeable battery market, and are likely to continue to do so in the short term in view of their excellent all-round performance and firm grip on the consumer electronics market. However, in view of the competition from Li-Ion Polymer their long-term future is uncertain. The high charge/discharge cycle life of Li-Ion batteries means that their use may grow in the electric vehicle (EV) sector, and to a lesser extent in load levelling, if safety concerns are overcome and costs fall significantly. LIP batteries exhibited attractive values of gravimetric energy density, volumetric energy density, and power density. Consequently, they are likely to dominate the consumer electronics market in the long-term, once mass production has become established, but may struggle to break into other sectors unless their charge/discharge cycle life and cost are improved significantly. ZEBRA batteries are presently one of the technologies of choice for EV development work. Nevertheless, compared to other ARBT, such batteries only represent an incremental step forward in terms of energy and environmental performance.

Bor Yann Liaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • micro macroscopic coupled modeling of batteries and fuel cells ii application to Nickel Cadmium and Nickel metal hydride cells
    Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1998
    Co-Authors: C Y Wang, Bor Yann Liaw
    Abstract:

    The micro-macroscopic coupled model developed in a companion paper is applied to predict the discharge and charge behaviors of Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) and Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) cells. The model integrates important microscopic phenomena such as proton or hydrogen diffusion and conduction of electrons in active materials into the macroscopic calculations of species and charge transfer. Simulation results for a full Ni-Cd cell and single MH electrode are presented and validated against the pseudo two-dimensional numerical model in the literature. In good agreement with the previous results, the present family of models is computationally more efficient and is particularly suitable for simulations of complex test conditions, such as the dynamic stress test and pulse charging for electric vehicles. In addition, a mathematical model for full Ni-MH cells is presented and sample simulations are performed for discharge and recharge with oxygen generation and recombination taken into account. These gas reactions represent an important mechanism for battery overcharge in the electric vehicle application.