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Jianshu Cao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
arXiv: Chemical Physics, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. By combining the variational polaron transformed master equation with the full counting statistics, we have extended the applicability of the polaron-based framework to study Nonequilibrium process beyond the super-Ohmic bath models. Previously, the polaron-based framework for quantum heat transport reduces exactly to the non-interacting blip approximation (NIBA) formalism for Ohmic bath models due to the issue of the infrared divergence associated with the full polaron transformation. The Nonequilibrium variational method allows us to appropriately treat the infrared divergence in the low-frequency bath modes and explicitly include cross-bath correlation effects. These improvements provide more accurate calculation of heat current than the NIBA formalism for Ohmic bath models. We illustrate the aforementioned improvements with the Nonequilibrium spin-boson model in this work and quantitatively demonstrate the cross-bath correlation, current turnover, and rectification effects in quantum heat transfer.
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. B...
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. By combining the variational polaron transformed master equation with the full counting statistics, we extended the applicability of the polaron-based framework to study Nonequilibrium process beyond the super-Ohmic bath models. Previously, the polaron-based framework for quantum heat transport reduces exactly to the non-interacting blip approximation (NIBA) formalism for Ohmic bath models due to the issue of the infrared divergence associated with the full polaron transformation. The Nonequilibrium variational method allows us to appropriately treat the infrared divergence in the low-frequency bath modes and explicitly include cross-bath correlation effects. These improvements provide more accurate calculation of heat current than the NIBA formalism for Ohmic bath models. We illustrate the aforementioned improvements with the Nonequilibrium spin-boson model in this work and quantitatively demonstrate the cross-bath correlation, current turnover, and rectification effects in quantum heat transfer.
Jin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hawking radiation local temperatures and Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the black holes with non killing horizon
Physical Review D, 2021Co-Authors: Jin WangAbstract:Recently, a class of stationary black hole solutions with non-Killing horizon in the asymptotic AdS bulk space (i.e., Nonequilibrium black funnel) was constructed to describe the far from equilibrium heat transport and particle transport between the boundary black holes via AdS/CFT correspondence. It is generally believed that the temperature of a black hole with non-Killing horizon can not be properly defined by the conventional methods used in the equilibrium black holes with Killing horizon. In this study, we calculate the spectrum of Hawking radiation of the Nonequilibrium black funnel using the Damour-Ruffini method. Our results indicate that the spectrum and the temperatures as well as the chemical potentials of the Nonequilibrium black funnel do depend on one of the spatial coordinates. This is different from the equilibrium black holes with Killing horizon, where the temperatures are uniform. Therefore, the black hole with non-Killing horizon can be overall in Nonequilibrium steady state while the Hawking temperature of the black funnel can be viewed as the local temperature and the corresponding Hawking radiation can be regarded as being in the local equilibrium with the horizon of the black funnel. By AdS/CFT, we discuss some possible implications of our results of local Hawking temperature for the Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of dual conformal field theory. We further discuss the Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the black funnel, where the first law can be formulated as the entropy production rate being equal to the sum of the changes of the entropies from the system (black funnel) and environments while the second law is given by the entropy production being larger than or equal to zero. We found the time arrow emerged from the Nonequilibrium black hole heat and particle transport dissipation. We also discuss how the Nonequilibrium dissipation may influence the evaporation process of the black funnel.
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landscape flux framework for Nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics of open hamiltonian systems coupled to multiple heat baths
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2021Co-Authors: Jin WangAbstract:We establish a Nonequilibrium dynamic and thermodynamic formalism in the landscape-flux framework for open Hamiltonian systems in contact with multiple heat baths governed by stochastic dynamics. To systematically characterize Nonequilibrium steady states, the Nonequilibrium trinity construct is developed, which consists of detailed balance breaking, Nonequilibrium potential landscape, and irreversible probability flux. We demonstrate that the temperature difference of the heat baths is the physical origin of detailed balance breaking, which generates the Nonequilibrium potential landscape characterizing the Nonequilibrium statistics and creates the irreversible probability flux signifying time irreversibility, with the latter two aspects closely connected. It is shown that the stochastic dynamics of the system can be formulated in the landscape-flux form, where the reversible force drives the conservative Hamiltonian dynamics, the irreversible force consisting of a landscape gradient force and an irreversible flux force drives the dissipative dynamics, and the stochastic force adds random fluctuations to the dynamics. The possible connection of the Nonequilibrium trinity construct to Nonequilibrium phase transitions is also suggested. A set of Nonequilibrium thermodynamic equations, applicable to both Nonequilibrium steady states and transient relaxation processes, is constructed. We find that an additional thermodynamic quantity, named the mixing entropy production rate, enters the Nonequilibrium thermodynamic equations. It arises from the interplay between detailed balance breaking and transient relaxation, and it also relies on the conservative dynamics. At the Nonequilibrium steady state, the heat flow, entropy flow, and entropy production are demonstrated to be thermodynamic manifestations of the Nonequilibrium trinity construct. The general Nonequilibrium formalism is applied to a class of solvable systems consisting of coupled harmonic oscillators. A more specific example of two harmonic oscillators coupled to two heat baths is worked out in detail. The example may facilitate connection with experiments.
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entanglement versus bell nonlocality of quantum Nonequilibrium steady states
Quantum Information Processing, 2021Co-Authors: Kun Zhang, Jin WangAbstract:We study the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality of a coupled two-qubit system, in which each qubit is coupled with one individual environment. We study how the Nonequilibrium environments (with different temperatures or chemical potentials) influence the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. The Nonequilibrium environments can have constructive effects on the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. Nonequilibrium thermodynamic cost can sustain the thermal energy or particle current and enhance the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. However, the Nonequilibrium conditions (characterized by the temperature differences or the thermodynamic cost quantified by the entropy production rates) which give the maximal violation of the Bell inequalities are different from the Nonequilibrium conditions which give the maximal entanglement. When the Bell inequality has asymmetric observables (between Alice and Bob), for example the $$I_{3322}$$ inequality, such asymmetry can also be reflected from the effects under the Nonequilibrium environments. The spatial asymmetric two-qubit system coupled with Nonequilibrium bosonic environments shows the thermal rectification effect, which can be witnessed by the Bell nonlocality. Different spatial asymmetric factors can be linearly cancelled with each other in the thermal rectification effect, which is also reflected on the changes of the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. Our study demonstrates that the Nonequilibrium environments are both valuable for the entanglement and Bell nonlocality resources, based on different optimal Nonequilibrium conditions though.
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the dynamic and thermodynamic origin of dissipative chaos chemical lorenz system
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2020Co-Authors: Feng Zhang, Jin WangAbstract:Chaos appears widely in various chemical and physical systems and is often accompanied by Nonequilibrium due to its dissipative nature. However, it is still not clear how dissipative chaos is influenced by Nonequilibrium conditions. Here, we study chaos from the perspective of Nonequilibrium dynamics by considering a chemical Lorenz system. We found that its Nonequilibrium nature can be quantified from the steady-state probability flux in the state space. The dynamic origin for the onset and offset of dissipative chaos was from the sudden appearance and disappearance of such Nonequilibrium fluxes. Meanwhile, the dissipation associated with the flux as quantified by the entropy production rate provides the thermodynamic origin of dissipative chaos. Sharp changes in the degree of Nonequilibrium also provide alternative quantitative indicators for the onset and offset of dissipative chaos.
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quantifying the flux as the driving force for Nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics in non michaelis menten enzyme kinetics
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Qiong Liu, Jin WangAbstract:The driving force for active physical and biological systems is determined by both the underlying landscape and Nonequilibrium curl flux. While landscape can be experimentally quantified from the histograms of the collected real-time trajectories of the observables, quantifying the experimental flux remains challenging. In this work, we studied the single-molecule enzyme dynamics of horseradish peroxidase with dihydrorhodamine 123 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as substrates. Surprisingly, significant deviations in the kinetics from the conventional Michaelis-Menten reaction rate were observed. Instead of a linear relationship between the inverse of the enzyme kinetic rate and the inverse of substrate concentration, a nonlinear relationship between the two emerged. We identified Nonequilibrium flux as the origin of such non-Michaelis-Menten enzyme rate behavior. Furthermore, we quantified the Nonequilibrium flux from experimentally obtained fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data and showed this flux to led to the deviations from the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We also identified and quantified the Nonequilibrium thermodynamic driving forces as the chemical potential and entropy production for such non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Moreover, through isothermal titration calorimetry measurements, we identified and quantified the origin of both Nonequilibrium dynamic and thermodynamic driving forces as the heat absorbed (energy input) into the enzyme reaction system. Furthermore, we showed that the Nonequilibrium driving forces led to time irreversibility through the difference between the forward and backward directions in time and high-order correlations were associated with the deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This study provided a general framework for experimentally quantifying the dynamic and thermodynamic driving forces for Nonequilibrium systems.
Changyu Hsieh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
arXiv: Chemical Physics, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. By combining the variational polaron transformed master equation with the full counting statistics, we have extended the applicability of the polaron-based framework to study Nonequilibrium process beyond the super-Ohmic bath models. Previously, the polaron-based framework for quantum heat transport reduces exactly to the non-interacting blip approximation (NIBA) formalism for Ohmic bath models due to the issue of the infrared divergence associated with the full polaron transformation. The Nonequilibrium variational method allows us to appropriately treat the infrared divergence in the low-frequency bath modes and explicitly include cross-bath correlation effects. These improvements provide more accurate calculation of heat current than the NIBA formalism for Ohmic bath models. We illustrate the aforementioned improvements with the Nonequilibrium spin-boson model in this work and quantitatively demonstrate the cross-bath correlation, current turnover, and rectification effects in quantum heat transfer.
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. B...
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. By combining the variational polaron transformed master equation with the full counting statistics, we extended the applicability of the polaron-based framework to study Nonequilibrium process beyond the super-Ohmic bath models. Previously, the polaron-based framework for quantum heat transport reduces exactly to the non-interacting blip approximation (NIBA) formalism for Ohmic bath models due to the issue of the infrared divergence associated with the full polaron transformation. The Nonequilibrium variational method allows us to appropriately treat the infrared divergence in the low-frequency bath modes and explicitly include cross-bath correlation effects. These improvements provide more accurate calculation of heat current than the NIBA formalism for Ohmic bath models. We illustrate the aforementioned improvements with the Nonequilibrium spin-boson model in this work and quantitatively demonstrate the cross-bath correlation, current turnover, and rectification effects in quantum heat transfer.
Chenru Duan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
arXiv: Chemical Physics, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. By combining the variational polaron transformed master equation with the full counting statistics, we have extended the applicability of the polaron-based framework to study Nonequilibrium process beyond the super-Ohmic bath models. Previously, the polaron-based framework for quantum heat transport reduces exactly to the non-interacting blip approximation (NIBA) formalism for Ohmic bath models due to the issue of the infrared divergence associated with the full polaron transformation. The Nonequilibrium variational method allows us to appropriately treat the infrared divergence in the low-frequency bath modes and explicitly include cross-bath correlation effects. These improvements provide more accurate calculation of heat current than the NIBA formalism for Ohmic bath models. We illustrate the aforementioned improvements with the Nonequilibrium spin-boson model in this work and quantitatively demonstrate the cross-bath correlation, current turnover, and rectification effects in quantum heat transfer.
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. B...
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a Nonequilibrium variational polaron theory to study quantum heat transport
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Changyu Hsieh, Junjie Liu, Chenru Duan, Jianshu CaoAbstract:We propose a Nonequilibrium variational polaron transformation, based on an ansatz for Nonequilibrium steady state with an effective temperature, to study quantum heat transport at the nanoscale. By combining the variational polaron transformed master equation with the full counting statistics, we extended the applicability of the polaron-based framework to study Nonequilibrium process beyond the super-Ohmic bath models. Previously, the polaron-based framework for quantum heat transport reduces exactly to the non-interacting blip approximation (NIBA) formalism for Ohmic bath models due to the issue of the infrared divergence associated with the full polaron transformation. The Nonequilibrium variational method allows us to appropriately treat the infrared divergence in the low-frequency bath modes and explicitly include cross-bath correlation effects. These improvements provide more accurate calculation of heat current than the NIBA formalism for Ohmic bath models. We illustrate the aforementioned improvements with the Nonequilibrium spin-boson model in this work and quantitatively demonstrate the cross-bath correlation, current turnover, and rectification effects in quantum heat transfer.
Hiromi Saida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Black Hole Evaporation as a Nonequilibrium Process
arXiv: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 2008Co-Authors: Hiromi SaidaAbstract:When a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from the black hole into its outside environment due to the Hawking radiation and the energy accretion onto black hole. Exactly speaking, due to the net energy flow, the black hole evaporation is a Nonequilibrium process. To study details of evaporation process, Nonequilibrium effects of the net energy flow should be taken into account. In this article we simplify the situation so that the Hawking radiation consists of non-self-interacting massless matter fields and also the energy accretion onto the black hole consists of the same fields. Then we find that the Nonequilibrium nature of black hole evaporation is described by a Nonequilibrium state of that field, and we formulate Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of non-self-interacting massless fields. By applying it to black hole evaporation, followings are shown: (1) Nonequilibrium effects of the energy flow tends to accelerate the black hole evaporation, and, consequently, a specific Nonequilibrium phenomenon of semi-classical black hole evaporation is suggested. Furthermore a suggestion about the end state of quantum size black hole evaporation is proposed in the context of information loss paradox. (2) Negative heat capacity of black hole is the physical essence of the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics, and self-entropy production inside the matter around black hole is not necessary to ensure the generalized second law. Furthermore a lower bound for total entropy at the end of black hole evaporation is given. A relation of the lower bound with the so-called covariant entropy bound conjecture is interesting but left as an open issue.
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black hole evaporation in a heat bath as a Nonequilibrium process and its final fate
Classical and Quantum Gravity, 2007Co-Authors: Hiromi SaidaAbstract:We consider a black hole in a heat bath, and the whole system which consists of the black hole and the heat bath is isolated from outside environments. When the black hole evaporates, the Hawking radiation causes an energy flow from the black hole to the heat bath. Therefore, since no energy flow arises in an equilibrium state, the thermodynamic state of the whole system is not in equilibrium. That is, in a region around the black hole, the matter field of Hawking radiation and that of heat bath should be in a Nonequilibrium state due to the energy flow. Using a simple model which reflects the Nonequilibrium nature of energy flow, we find the Nonequilibrium effect on a black hole evaporation as follows: if the Nonequilibrium region around a black hole is not so large, the evaporation time scale of a black hole in a heat bath becomes longer than that in an empty space (a situation without heat bath), because of the incoming energy flow from the heat bath to the black hole. However, if the Nonequilibrium region around a black hole is sufficiently large, the evaporation time scale in a heat bath becomes shorter than that in an empty space, because a Nonequilibrium effect of the temperature difference between the black hole and heat bath appears as a strong energy extraction from the black hole by the heat bath. Further, a specific Nonequilibrium phenomenon is found: a quasi-equilibrium evaporation stage under the Nonequilibrium effect proceeds abruptly to a quantum evaporation stage at a semi-classical level (at black hole radius Rg > Planck length) within a very short time scale with a strong burst of energy. (Contrarily, when the Nonequilibrium effect is not taken into account, a quasi-equilibrium stage proceeds smoothly to a quantum stage at Rg < Planck length without so strong an energy burst.) That is, the Nonequilibrium effect of energy flow tends to make a black hole evaporation process more dynamical and to accelerate that process. Finally, on the final fate of black hole evaporation, we find that, in order to make the total entropy of the whole system increase along an evaporation process, a remnant should remain after the evaporation of black hole without respect to the size of the Nonequilibrium region around the black hole. This implies that the information loss problem may disappear due to the Nonequilibrium effect of energy flow.
