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Yushan Xing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in situ observation of polypropylene composites reinforced by Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards during tensile testing
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:A great amount of work has been done over the past few years to reuse the Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards in polypropylene (PP) composites. This is because of the very fast generation rate of nonmetal pollution in the world each year and the very fast growing rate of PP applications in industries. This work focuses on the dynamic effects of Nonmetals of different particle sizes on the tensile properties and reinforcing mechanisms of nonmetal/PP composites by in situ scanning electron microscopy tensile testing. The observed results show that the dominant deformation mechanism in pure PP is shear yielding. When fine Nonmetals are filled into PP, mass microcracks are initiated. The glass fibers first resist the cracks and undertake the loading when they propagate. The crazes propagate slowly and then break the glass fibers. When coarse Nonmetals are filled into PP, interfacial debonding and mass microcracks are initiated. A crack is either terminated when it meets another fiber–particulate bundle or branched into finer mass crazing. Interfacial debonding, crack initiation and propagation, and fiber pullout and breakage dissipate tremendous energy. These factors cause improvements in the strength and rigidity of nonmetal/PP composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
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the reuse of Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene composites
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:The feasibility of reusing Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene (PP) composites is studied by using both mechanical and vicat softening temperature (VST) tests. The concentration of Cu leaded from the composites is also tested. The mechanical test shows that both tensile and flexural properties of the Nonmetals/PP composites can be significantly improved by adding the Nonmetals into PP. The maximum increment of tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the PP composites is 28.4%, 62.9%, 87.8% and 133.0%, respectively. As much as 30 wt% Nonmetals recycled from waste PCBs can be added in the PP composites without violating the environmental regulation. The VST test shows that the presence of Nonmetals can improve the heat resistance of the Nonmetals/PP composites for their potential applications. The optimum particle is the fine or medium Nonmetals recycled from waste PCBs, and the optimum content of the Nonmetals is 30 wt% basing on the comprehensive consideration. All the above results indicate that the reuse of Nonmetals as reinforcing fillers in the PP composites represents a promising way for recycling resources and resolving the environmental pollutions.
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influence of Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards on flexural properties and fracture behavior of polypropylene composites
Materials & Design, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:Flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites can be successfully improved by filling Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) into polypropylene (PP). By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the influence of Nonmetals on fracture behavior of PP composites is investigated by in situ flexural test. Observation results show that the particles can effectively lead to mass micro cracks instead of the breaking crack. The process of the crack initiation, propagation and fiber breakage dissipate a great amount of energy. As a result, the flexural properties of the composites can be reinforced significantly. Results of the in situ SEM observation and analysis to the dynamic flexural process supply effective test evidence for the reinforcing mechanism of the Nonmetals/PP composites on the basis of the energy dissipation theory.
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A novel approach to recycling of glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste printed circuit boards
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Shulin Ma, Xiaohu Zhao, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:The printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain nearly 70% nonmetal materials, which usually are abandoned as an industrial solid-waste byproduct during the recycling of waste PCBs. However those materials have abundant high-value glass fibers. In this study, a novel fluidized bed process technology for recycling glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs is studied. The recycled glass fibers (RGF) are analyzed by determination of their purity, morphology and surface chemical composition. This process technology is shown to be effective and robust in treating with nonmetal materials of waste PCBs. The thermoset resins in the nonmetal materials are decomposed in the temperature range from 400 °C to 600 °C. And the glass fibers are collected at high purity and recovery rate by the cyclone separators without violating the environmental regulation. This novel fluidized bed technology for recycling high-value glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs represents a promising way for recycling resources and resolving the environmental pollutions during recycling of waste PCBs. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Yanhong Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in situ observation of polypropylene composites reinforced by Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards during tensile testing
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:A great amount of work has been done over the past few years to reuse the Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards in polypropylene (PP) composites. This is because of the very fast generation rate of nonmetal pollution in the world each year and the very fast growing rate of PP applications in industries. This work focuses on the dynamic effects of Nonmetals of different particle sizes on the tensile properties and reinforcing mechanisms of nonmetal/PP composites by in situ scanning electron microscopy tensile testing. The observed results show that the dominant deformation mechanism in pure PP is shear yielding. When fine Nonmetals are filled into PP, mass microcracks are initiated. The glass fibers first resist the cracks and undertake the loading when they propagate. The crazes propagate slowly and then break the glass fibers. When coarse Nonmetals are filled into PP, interfacial debonding and mass microcracks are initiated. A crack is either terminated when it meets another fiber–particulate bundle or branched into finer mass crazing. Interfacial debonding, crack initiation and propagation, and fiber pullout and breakage dissipate tremendous energy. These factors cause improvements in the strength and rigidity of nonmetal/PP composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
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the reuse of Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene composites
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:The feasibility of reusing Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene (PP) composites is studied by using both mechanical and vicat softening temperature (VST) tests. The concentration of Cu leaded from the composites is also tested. The mechanical test shows that both tensile and flexural properties of the Nonmetals/PP composites can be significantly improved by adding the Nonmetals into PP. The maximum increment of tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the PP composites is 28.4%, 62.9%, 87.8% and 133.0%, respectively. As much as 30 wt% Nonmetals recycled from waste PCBs can be added in the PP composites without violating the environmental regulation. The VST test shows that the presence of Nonmetals can improve the heat resistance of the Nonmetals/PP composites for their potential applications. The optimum particle is the fine or medium Nonmetals recycled from waste PCBs, and the optimum content of the Nonmetals is 30 wt% basing on the comprehensive consideration. All the above results indicate that the reuse of Nonmetals as reinforcing fillers in the PP composites represents a promising way for recycling resources and resolving the environmental pollutions.
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influence of Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards on flexural properties and fracture behavior of polypropylene composites
Materials & Design, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:Flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites can be successfully improved by filling Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) into polypropylene (PP). By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the influence of Nonmetals on fracture behavior of PP composites is investigated by in situ flexural test. Observation results show that the particles can effectively lead to mass micro cracks instead of the breaking crack. The process of the crack initiation, propagation and fiber breakage dissipate a great amount of energy. As a result, the flexural properties of the composites can be reinforced significantly. Results of the in situ SEM observation and analysis to the dynamic flexural process supply effective test evidence for the reinforcing mechanism of the Nonmetals/PP composites on the basis of the energy dissipation theory.
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A novel approach to recycling of glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste printed circuit boards
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Shulin Ma, Xiaohu Zhao, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:The printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain nearly 70% nonmetal materials, which usually are abandoned as an industrial solid-waste byproduct during the recycling of waste PCBs. However those materials have abundant high-value glass fibers. In this study, a novel fluidized bed process technology for recycling glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs is studied. The recycled glass fibers (RGF) are analyzed by determination of their purity, morphology and surface chemical composition. This process technology is shown to be effective and robust in treating with nonmetal materials of waste PCBs. The thermoset resins in the nonmetal materials are decomposed in the temperature range from 400 °C to 600 °C. And the glass fibers are collected at high purity and recovery rate by the cyclone separators without violating the environmental regulation. This novel fluidized bed technology for recycling high-value glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs represents a promising way for recycling resources and resolving the environmental pollutions during recycling of waste PCBs. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Jie Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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performance and thermal behavior of wood plastic composite produced by Nonmetals of pulverized waste printed circuit boards
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Jie Guo, Yinen TangAbstract:Abstract A new kind of wood plastic composite (WPC) was produced by compounding Nonmetals from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs), recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), wood flour and other additives. The blended granules were then extruded to profile WPC products by a conical counter-rotating twin-screw extruder. The results showed that the addition of Nonmetals in WPC improved the flexural strength and tensile strength and reduced screw withdrawal strength. When the added content of Nonmetals was 40%, the flexural strength of WPC was 23.4 MPa, tensile strength was 9.6 MPa, impact strength was 3.03 J/m 2 and screw withdrawal strength was 1755 N. Dimensional stability and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of WPC panels were also investigated. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal degradation of WPC mainly included two steps. The first step was the decomposition of wood flour and Nonmetals from 260 to 380 °C, and the second step was the decomposition of HDPE from 440 to 500 °C. The performance and thermal behavior of WPC produced by Nonmetals from PCBs achieves the standard of WPC. It offers a novel method to treat Nonmetals from PCBs.
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wood plastic composite produced by Nonmetals from pulverized waste printed circuit boards
Environmental Science & Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Jie Guo, Yinen TangAbstract:Nonmetals reclaimed from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) are used to replace wood flour in the production of wood plastic composite (WPC). To evaluate property durability against weather exposure, the effects of accelerated aging process on the properties of WPC are investigated. The results show that filling of Nonmetals in WPC improves the flexural strength and tensile strength, and reduces screw withdrawal strength. Before hollow WPC with 15% Nonmetals (H-15-WPC) underwent aging process, H-15-WPC had a flexural strength of 25.8 MPa, a tensile strength of 9.8 MPa, a charpy impact strength of 3.4 kJ/m2, and face/edge screw withdrawal strength of 121/115 N/mm. It is found that flexural strength of H-15-WPC decreases linearly with the increase of accelerated aging cycles, and the effects of aging test on tensile and impact strength of H-15-WPC are minor. For solid WPC, the accelerated aging test decreases screw withdrawal strength slightly. All the results indicate that Nonmetals of waste PCBs can be r...
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asphalt modified with Nonmetals separated from pulverized waste printed circuit boards
Environmental Science & Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Jiuyong Guo, Jie Guo, Shifeng WangAbstract:Nonmetals separated from pulverized waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were reused as a new modifier to improve the performance of asphalt. The classical and rheological properties of unmodified asphalt and non-metal-modified asphalt (NMA) were determined. Specifically, the influence of Nonmetals content and particle size on these properties has been studied. When the Nonmetals content was 25 wt% and the particle size group was 0.07-0.09 mm, the NMA had a viscosity of 1225 cP at 135 degrees C, a penetration of 53.7 dmm at 15 degrees C, a ring and ball softening point of 54 degrees C, a ductility of 43.5 cm at 15 degrees C, a G*/sin delta of 3995.27 Pa at 60 degrees C, and an upper limit temperature (G*/sin delta = 1 kPa) of 69.4 degrees C, all of which showed that the high temperature performance of asphalt was improved significantly. Therefore, this study gives a fundamental understanding of NMA and represents a novel attempt to deal with the fast increasing quantities of Nonmetals from waste PCBs, which is significant from an environmental and economic standpoint.
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application of glass Nonmetals of waste printed circuit boards to produce phenolic moulding compound
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008Co-Authors: Jie Guo, Qunli RaoAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using glass-Nonmetals, a byproduct of recycling waste printed circuit boards (PCBs), to replace wood flour in production of phenolic moulding compound (PMC). Glass-Nonmetals were attained by two-step crushing and corona electrostatic separating processes. Glass-Nonmetals with particle size shorter than 0.07 mm were in the form of single fibers and resin powder, with the biggest portion (up to 34.6 wt%). Properties of PMC with glass-Nonmetals (PMCGN) were compared with reference PMC and the national standard of PMC (PF2C3). When the adding content of glass-Nonmetals was 40 wt%, PMCGN exhibited flexural strength of 82 MPa, notched impact strength of 2.4 kJ/m(2), heat deflection temperature of 175 degrees C, and dielectric strength of 4.8 MV/m, all of which met the national standard. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed strong interfacial bonding between glass fibers and the phenolic resin. All the results showed that the use of glass-Nonmetals as filler in PMC represented a promising method for resolving the environmental pollutions and reducing the cost of PMC, thus attaining both environmental and economic benefits.
Zhigang Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in situ observation of polypropylene composites reinforced by Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards during tensile testing
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:A great amount of work has been done over the past few years to reuse the Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards in polypropylene (PP) composites. This is because of the very fast generation rate of nonmetal pollution in the world each year and the very fast growing rate of PP applications in industries. This work focuses on the dynamic effects of Nonmetals of different particle sizes on the tensile properties and reinforcing mechanisms of nonmetal/PP composites by in situ scanning electron microscopy tensile testing. The observed results show that the dominant deformation mechanism in pure PP is shear yielding. When fine Nonmetals are filled into PP, mass microcracks are initiated. The glass fibers first resist the cracks and undertake the loading when they propagate. The crazes propagate slowly and then break the glass fibers. When coarse Nonmetals are filled into PP, interfacial debonding and mass microcracks are initiated. A crack is either terminated when it meets another fiber–particulate bundle or branched into finer mass crazing. Interfacial debonding, crack initiation and propagation, and fiber pullout and breakage dissipate tremendous energy. These factors cause improvements in the strength and rigidity of nonmetal/PP composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
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the reuse of Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene composites
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:The feasibility of reusing Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene (PP) composites is studied by using both mechanical and vicat softening temperature (VST) tests. The concentration of Cu leaded from the composites is also tested. The mechanical test shows that both tensile and flexural properties of the Nonmetals/PP composites can be significantly improved by adding the Nonmetals into PP. The maximum increment of tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the PP composites is 28.4%, 62.9%, 87.8% and 133.0%, respectively. As much as 30 wt% Nonmetals recycled from waste PCBs can be added in the PP composites without violating the environmental regulation. The VST test shows that the presence of Nonmetals can improve the heat resistance of the Nonmetals/PP composites for their potential applications. The optimum particle is the fine or medium Nonmetals recycled from waste PCBs, and the optimum content of the Nonmetals is 30 wt% basing on the comprehensive consideration. All the above results indicate that the reuse of Nonmetals as reinforcing fillers in the PP composites represents a promising way for recycling resources and resolving the environmental pollutions.
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influence of Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards on flexural properties and fracture behavior of polypropylene composites
Materials & Design, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:Flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites can be successfully improved by filling Nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) into polypropylene (PP). By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the influence of Nonmetals on fracture behavior of PP composites is investigated by in situ flexural test. Observation results show that the particles can effectively lead to mass micro cracks instead of the breaking crack. The process of the crack initiation, propagation and fiber breakage dissipate a great amount of energy. As a result, the flexural properties of the composites can be reinforced significantly. Results of the in situ SEM observation and analysis to the dynamic flexural process supply effective test evidence for the reinforcing mechanism of the Nonmetals/PP composites on the basis of the energy dissipation theory.
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A novel approach to recycling of glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste printed circuit boards
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Shulin Ma, Xiaohu Zhao, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:The printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain nearly 70% nonmetal materials, which usually are abandoned as an industrial solid-waste byproduct during the recycling of waste PCBs. However those materials have abundant high-value glass fibers. In this study, a novel fluidized bed process technology for recycling glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs is studied. The recycled glass fibers (RGF) are analyzed by determination of their purity, morphology and surface chemical composition. This process technology is shown to be effective and robust in treating with nonmetal materials of waste PCBs. The thermoset resins in the nonmetal materials are decomposed in the temperature range from 400 °C to 600 °C. And the glass fibers are collected at high purity and recovery rate by the cyclone separators without violating the environmental regulation. This novel fluidized bed technology for recycling high-value glass fibers from nonmetal materials of waste PCBs represents a promising way for recycling resources and resolving the environmental pollutions during recycling of waste PCBs. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
N. Vinothkumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production from water–methanol mixture using cerium and Nonmetals (B/C/N/S) co-doped titanium dioxide
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: N. Vinothkumar, Mahuya DeAbstract:In the present study, photocatalytic hydrogen production from water/methanol solution was investigated over cerium and nonmetal (B/C/N/S) co-doped titanium dioxide catalyst under visible light irradiation. The cerium and nonmetal co-doped titania photocatalysts were prepared by co-precipitation and characterized by surface area and pore size analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis, and photoluminescence analysis. The UV–Visible spectra showed that incorporation of cerium and Nonmetals to TiO_2 resulted in narrow band gap and improved absorption of visible light. The band gap energy of co-doped samples depended on the properties of Nonmetals. Photoluminescence studies showed that the radiative recombination rates of photogenerated electron–hole pairs were effectively suppressed by the addition of cerium and Nonmetals and contributed to higher activity. The highest hydrogen production of 206 μmol/h was obtained for Ce–N–TiO_2 sample, which can be attributed to the higher surface area, higher absorption of visible light, and higher separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs in Ce–N–TiO_2.
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enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production from water methanol mixture using cerium and Nonmetals b c n s co doped titanium dioxide
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2014Co-Authors: N. VinothkumarAbstract:In the present study, photocatalytic hydrogen production from water/methanol solution was investigated over cerium and nonmetal (B/C/N/S) co-doped titanium dioxide catalyst under visible light irradiation. The cerium and nonmetal co-doped titania photocatalysts were prepared by co-precipitation and characterized by surface area and pore size analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis, and photoluminescence analysis. The UV–Visible spectra showed that incorporation of cerium and Nonmetals to TiO2 resulted in narrow band gap and improved absorption of visible light. The band gap energy of co-doped samples depended on the properties of Nonmetals. Photoluminescence studies showed that the radiative recombination rates of photogenerated electron–hole pairs were effectively suppressed by the addition of cerium and Nonmetals and contributed to higher activity. The highest hydrogen production of 206 μmol/h was obtained for Ce–N–TiO2 sample, which can be attributed to the higher surface area, higher absorption of visible light, and higher separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs in Ce–N–TiO2.
