The Experts below are selected from a list of 6942 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jake Vander M Zanden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
landscape planning for agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution reduction iii assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential
Environmental Management, 2009Co-Authors: Matthew W Diebel, Jeffrey T Maxted, Dale M Robertson, Seungbong Han, Jake Vander M ZandenAbstract:Riparian buffers have the potential to improve stream water quality in agricultural landscapes. This potential may vary in response to landscape characteristics such as soils, topography, land use, and human activities, including legacies of historical land management. We built a predictive model to estimate the sediment and phosphorus load reduction that should be achievable following the implementation of riparian buffers; then we estimated load reduction potential for a set of 1598 watersheds (average 54 km2) in Wisconsin. Our results indicate that land cover is generally the most important driver of constituent loads in Wisconsin streams, but its influence varies among pollutants and according to the scale at which it is measured. Physiographic (drainage density) variation also influenced sediment and phosphorus loads. The effect of historical land use on present-day channel erosion and variation in soil texture are the most important Sources of phosphorus and sediment that riparian buffers cannot attenuate. However, in most watersheds, a large proportion (approximately 70%) of these pollutants can be eliminated from streams with buffers. Cumulative frequency distributions of load reduction potential indicate that targeting pollution reduction in the highest 10% of Wisconsin watersheds would reduce total phosphorus and sediment loads in the entire state by approximately 20%. These results support our approach of geographically targeting Nonpoint Source pollution reduction at multiple scales, including the watershed scale.
-
landscape planning for agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution reduction i a geographical allocation framework
Environmental Management, 2008Co-Authors: Matthew W Diebel, Jeffrey T Maxted, Pete Nowak, Jake Vander M ZandenAbstract:Agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution remains a persistent environmental problem, despite the large amount of money that has been spent on its abatement. At local scales, agricultural best management practices (BMPs) have been shown to be effective at reducing nutrient and sediment inputs to surface waters. However, these effects have rarely been found to act in concert to produce measurable, broad-scale improvements in water quality. We investigated potential causes for this failure through an effort to develop recommendations for the use of riparian buffers in addressing Nonpoint Source pollution in Wisconsin. We used frequency distributions of phosphorus pollution at two spatial scales (watershed and field), along with typical stream phosphorus (P) concentration variability, to simulate benefit/cost curves for four approaches to geographically allocating conservation effort. The approaches differ in two ways: (1) whether effort is aggregated within certain watersheds or distributed without regard to watershed boundaries (dispersed), and (2) whether effort is targeted toward the most highly P-polluting fields or is distributed randomly with regard to field-scale P pollution levels. In realistic implementation scenarios, the aggregated and targeted approach most efficiently improves water quality. For example, with effort on only 10% of a model landscape, 26% of the total P load is retained and 25% of watersheds significantly improve. Our results indicate that agricultural conservation can be more efficient if it accounts for the uneven spatial distribution of potential pollution Sources and the cumulative aspects of environmental benefits.
Zeyuan Qiu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
an integrated approach for targeting critical Source areas to control Nonpoint Source pollution in watersheds
Water Resources Management, 2016Co-Authors: Subhasis Giri, Zeyuan Qiu, Tony Prato, Biliang LuoAbstract:This study presents an integrated approach for targeting critical Source areas (CSAs) to control Nonpoint Source pollution in watersheds. CSAs are the intersections between hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) and high pollution producing areas of watersheds. HSAs are the areas with high hydrological sensitivity and potential for generating runoff. They were based on a soil topographic index in consistence of a saturation excess runoff process. High pollution producing areas are the areas that have a high potential for generating pollutants. Such areas were based on simulated pollution loads to streams by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. The integrated approach is applied to the Neshanic River watershed, a suburban watershed with mixed land uses in New Jersey in the U.S. Results show that several land uses result in water pollution: agricultural land causes sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution; wetlands cause sediment and phosphorus pollution; and urban lands cause nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. The primary CSAs are agricultural lands for all three pollutants, urban lands for nitrogen and phosphorus, and wetlands for sediment and phosphorus. Some pollution producing areas were not classified into CSAs because they are not located in HSAs and the pollutants generated in those areas are less likely to be transported by runoff into streams. The integrated approach identifies CSAs at a very fine scale, which is useful for targeting the implementation of best management practices for water quality improvement, and can be applied broadly in different watersheds to improve the economic efficiency of controlling Nonpoint Source pollution.
-
Comparative Assessment of Stormwater and Nonpoint Source Pollution Best Management Practices in Suburban Watershed Management
Water, 2013Co-Authors: Zeyuan QiuAbstract:Nonpoint Source pollution control and stormwater management are two objectives in managing mixed land use watersheds like those in New Jersey. Various best management practices (BMPs) have been developed and implemented to achieve both objectives. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of selected BMPs for agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution control and stormwater management in the Neshanic River watershed, a typical mixed land use watershed in central New Jersey, USA. The selected BMPs for Nonpoint Source pollution control include cover crops, prescribed grazing, livestock access control, contour farming, nutrient management, and conservation buffers. The selected BMPs for stormwater management are rain gardens, roadside ditch retrofitting, and detention basin retrofitting. Cost-effectiveness is measured by the reduction in pollutant loads in total suspended solids and total phosphorus relative to the total costs of implementing the selected BMPs. The pollution load reductions for these BMPs are based on the total pollutant loads in the watershed simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and achievable pollutant reduction rates. The total implementation cost includes BMP installation and maintenance costs. The assessment results indicate that the BMPs for the Nonpoint Source pollution control are generally much more cost-effective in improving water quality than the BMPs for stormwater management.
Seung-woo Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Predicting the impacts of climate change on Nonpoint Source pollutant loads from agricultural small watershed using artificial neural network.
Journal of Environmental Sciences-china, 2010Co-Authors: Eun-jeong Lee, Chounghyun Seong, Hakkwan Kim, Seung-woo Park, Moon-seong KangAbstract:Abstract This study described the development and validation of an artificial neural network (ANN) for the purpose of analyzing the effects of climate change on Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollutant loads from agricultural small watershed. The runoff discharge was estimated using ANN algorithm. The performance of ANN model was examined using observed data from study watershed. The simulation results agreed well with observed values during calibration and validation periods. NPS pollutant loads were calculated from load-discharge relationship driven by long-term monitoring data. LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator) model was used to generate rainfall data. The calibrated ANN model and load-discharge relationship with the generated data from LARS-WG were applied to analyze the effects of climate change on NPS pollutant loads from the agricultural small watershed. The results showed that the ANN model provided valuable approach in estimating future runoff discharge, and the NPS pollutant loads.
-
evaluation of agricultural Nonpoint Source agnps model for small watersheds in korea applying irregular cell delineation
Agricultural Water Management, 2008Co-Authors: Jaepil Cho, Seung-woo ParkAbstract:Abstract The Agricultural Nonpoint Source (AGNPS) model was tested in two small agricultural watersheds in Korea. The model was calibrated for 412.5 ha located in the Balhan watershed. The rainfall amount distinguishing between antecedent moisture conditions (AMC) I and II was changed to calibrate the runoff volume. A validation was performed for 274.1 ha located in the Banwol watershed, with similar land use and soil characteristics as the 412.5 ha in the Balhan watershed. The input data were extracted from multiple GIS layers using the Geographic ReSources Analysis Support System (GRASS)–AGNPS interface. The AGNPS model was modified to treat the undisturbed forest areas as irregular cells instead of the uniform cell division currently used by AGNPS. Simulated results from the irregular cell-based scheme (ICS) and the uniform grid scheme (UGS) of ANGPS were compared with the observed data. The ICS increased runoff volume and decreased peak flow rate and sediment yields from the watershed compared to the UGS. The ICS significantly reduced the number of cells in a watershed and provided better agreement for surface runoff and peak flow rate compared to the UGS.
Matthew W Diebel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
landscape planning for agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution reduction iii assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential
Environmental Management, 2009Co-Authors: Matthew W Diebel, Jeffrey T Maxted, Dale M Robertson, Seungbong Han, Jake Vander M ZandenAbstract:Riparian buffers have the potential to improve stream water quality in agricultural landscapes. This potential may vary in response to landscape characteristics such as soils, topography, land use, and human activities, including legacies of historical land management. We built a predictive model to estimate the sediment and phosphorus load reduction that should be achievable following the implementation of riparian buffers; then we estimated load reduction potential for a set of 1598 watersheds (average 54 km2) in Wisconsin. Our results indicate that land cover is generally the most important driver of constituent loads in Wisconsin streams, but its influence varies among pollutants and according to the scale at which it is measured. Physiographic (drainage density) variation also influenced sediment and phosphorus loads. The effect of historical land use on present-day channel erosion and variation in soil texture are the most important Sources of phosphorus and sediment that riparian buffers cannot attenuate. However, in most watersheds, a large proportion (approximately 70%) of these pollutants can be eliminated from streams with buffers. Cumulative frequency distributions of load reduction potential indicate that targeting pollution reduction in the highest 10% of Wisconsin watersheds would reduce total phosphorus and sediment loads in the entire state by approximately 20%. These results support our approach of geographically targeting Nonpoint Source pollution reduction at multiple scales, including the watershed scale.
-
landscape planning for agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution reduction i a geographical allocation framework
Environmental Management, 2008Co-Authors: Matthew W Diebel, Jeffrey T Maxted, Pete Nowak, Jake Vander M ZandenAbstract:Agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution remains a persistent environmental problem, despite the large amount of money that has been spent on its abatement. At local scales, agricultural best management practices (BMPs) have been shown to be effective at reducing nutrient and sediment inputs to surface waters. However, these effects have rarely been found to act in concert to produce measurable, broad-scale improvements in water quality. We investigated potential causes for this failure through an effort to develop recommendations for the use of riparian buffers in addressing Nonpoint Source pollution in Wisconsin. We used frequency distributions of phosphorus pollution at two spatial scales (watershed and field), along with typical stream phosphorus (P) concentration variability, to simulate benefit/cost curves for four approaches to geographically allocating conservation effort. The approaches differ in two ways: (1) whether effort is aggregated within certain watersheds or distributed without regard to watershed boundaries (dispersed), and (2) whether effort is targeted toward the most highly P-polluting fields or is distributed randomly with regard to field-scale P pollution levels. In realistic implementation scenarios, the aggregated and targeted approach most efficiently improves water quality. For example, with effort on only 10% of a model landscape, 26% of the total P load is retained and 25% of watersheds significantly improve. Our results indicate that agricultural conservation can be more efficient if it accounts for the uneven spatial distribution of potential pollution Sources and the cumulative aspects of environmental benefits.
Chu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
denitrification controls in urban riparian soils implications for reducing urban Nonpoint Source nitrogen pollution
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014Co-Authors: Zhenlou Chen, Huanjie Lou, Dongqi Wang, Huanguang Deng, Chu WangAbstract:The purpose of this research was to thoroughly analyze the influences of environmental factors on denitrification processes in urban riparian soils. Besides, the study was also carried out to identify whether the denitrification processes in urban riparian soils could control Nonpoint Source nitrogen pollution in urban areas. The denitrification rates (DR) over 1 year were measured using an acetylene inhibition technique during the incubation of intact soil cores from six urban riparian sites, which could be divided into three types according to their vegetation. The soil samples were analyzed to determine the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), C/N ratio, extractable NO3 −-N and NH4 +-N, pH value, soil water content (SWC), and the soil nitrification potential to evaluate which of these factors determined the final outcome of denitrification. A nitrate amendment experiment further indicated that the riparian DR was responsive to added nitrate. Although the DRs were very low (0.099 ~ 33.23 ng N2O-N g−1 h−1) due to the small amount of nitrogen moving into the urban riparian zone, the spatial and temporal patterns of denitrification differed significantly. The extractable NO3 −-N proved to be the dominant factor influencing the spatial distribution of denitrification, whereas the soil temperature was a determinant of the seasonal DR variation. The six riparian sites could also be divided into two types (a nitrate-abundant and a nitrate-stressed riparian system) according to the soil NO3 −-N concentration. The DR in nitrate-abundant riparian systems was significantly higher than that in the nitrate-stressed riparian systems. The DR in riparian zones that were covered with bushes and had adjacent cropland was higher than in grass-covered riparian sites. Furthermore, the riparian DR decreased with soil depth, which was mainly attributed to the concentrated nitrate in surface soils. The DR was not associated with the SOC, STN, C/N ratio, and pH. Nitrate supply and temperature finally decided the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of urban riparian denitrification. Considering both the low DR of existing riparian soils and the significance of Nonpoint Source nitrogen pollution, the substantial denitrification potential of urban riparian soils should be utilized to reduce nitrogen pollution using proper engineering measures that would collect the polluted urban rainfall runoff and make it flow through the riparian zones.
