The Experts below are selected from a list of 153 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yan Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of r metalaxyl and rac metalaxyl in acute chronic and sublethal effect on aquatic Organisms daphnia magna scenedesmus quadricanda and danio rerio
Environmental Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Zhenghua Duan, Zhongzhi Chen, Yan LiAbstract:Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on Nontarget Organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from Nontarget Organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R-metalaxy and rac-metalaxyl on aquatic Organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R-metalaxyl and rac-metalaxyl. R-Metalaxy was about 20-fold more toxic to algae than rac-metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R-metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac-metalaxyl according to the individual 24-h-LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac-metalaxyl based on 24-h-EC50 values. In the light of 48-h-LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+-ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R-metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic Organisms than rac-metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
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Comparison of R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl in acute, chronic, and sublethal effect on aquatic Organisms: Daphnia magna, Scenedesmus quadricanda, and Danio rerio
Environmental Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Zhenghua Duan, Zhongzhi Chen, Yan LiAbstract:Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on Nontarget Organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from Nontarget Organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R-metalaxy and rac-metalaxyl on aquatic Organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R-metalaxyl and rac-metalaxyl. R-Metalaxy was about 20-fold more toxic to algae than rac-metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R-metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac-metalaxyl according to the individual 24-h-LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac-metalaxyl based on 24-h-EC50 values. In the light of 48-h-LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+-ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R-metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic Organisms than rac-metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
D. Kar Chowdhuri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlorpyrifos-Induced hsp70 Expression and Effect on Reproductive Performance in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg ^9
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2001Co-Authors: Aamir Nazir, Indranil Mukhopadhyay, Daya K. Saxena, D. Kar ChowdhuriAbstract:Expression of hsp70 in the third-instar larval tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster ( hsp70-lacZ ) following dietary exposure to organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos for various time intervals was investigated. Effect of the chemical on different developmental stages of the fly was also evaluated by looking at survivorship, hatchability, emergence, fecundity, fertility, and reproductive performance. Our results showed that the toxicant evokes profound cytotoxic effect as evidenced by dark blue staining in salivary gland, proventriculus, brain ganglia, and midgut in the lowest concentration of the chemical following 24 and 48 h of exposure. On the other hand, a significant increase (61%) in hsp70 expression in the above larval tissues was observed in the next higher concentration of the toxicant after 6 h exposure when compared with that of the lowest dose. A further increase in exposure time caused 100% larval mortality. Similarly, larvae exposed to higher concentrations of the toxicant, exhibited 100% mortality within 1 h of treatment. The insecticide caused a delay in emergence and a severe reduction in survivorship of the flies in a dose-dependent manner with 100% mortality within a day of exposure in the highest dosed group. A delay in emergence by 3 days was evident even in the lowest concentration of the chemical. A drastic effect of the chemical on hatchability was found in the highest dosed group with 100% embryonic mortality at post-16 stage of the embryo. Reproductive performance was significantly affected even in the lowest dosed group. The present study suggests that certain larval tissues of Drosophila , a Nontarget Organism, are vulnerable to chlorpyrifos as evidenced by hsp70 expression. Further, the adverse effect of the toxicant is reflected on various stages of development of the fly including reproductive performance.
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Chlorpyrifos-Induced hsp70 Expression and Effect on Reproductive Performance in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg9
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2001Co-Authors: Aamir Nazir, Indranil Mukhopadhyay, Daya K. Saxena, D. Kar ChowdhuriAbstract:Expression of hsp70 in the third-instar larval tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) following dietary exposure to organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos for various time intervals was investigated. Effect of the chemical on different developmental stages of the fly was also evaluated by looking at survivorship, hatchability, emergence, fecundity, fertility, and reproductive performance. Our results showed that the toxicant evokes profound cytotoxic effect as evidenced by dark blue staining in salivary gland, proventriculus, brain ganglia, and midgut in the lowest concentration of the chemical following 24 and 48 h of exposure. On the other hand, a significant increase (61%) in hsp70 expression in the above larval tissues was observed in the next higher concentration of the toxicant after 6 h exposure when compared with that of the lowest dose. A further increase in exposure time caused 100% larval mortality. Similarly, larvae exposed to higher concentrations of the toxicant, exhibited 100% mortality within 1 h of treatment. The insecticide caused a delay in emergence and a severe reduction in survivorship of the flies in a dose-dependent manner with 100% mortality within a day of exposure in the highest dosed group. A delay in emergence by 3 days was evident even in the lowest concentration of the chemical. A drastic effect of the chemical on hatchability was found in the highest dosed group with 100% embryonic mortality at post-16 stage of the embryo. Reproductive performance was significantly affected even in the lowest dosed group. The present study suggests that certain larval tissues of Drosophila, a Nontarget Organism, are vulnerable to chlorpyrifos as evidenced by hsp70 expression. Further, the adverse effect of the toxicant is reflected on various stages of development of the fly including reproductive performance.
Zhenghua Duan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of r metalaxyl and rac metalaxyl in acute chronic and sublethal effect on aquatic Organisms daphnia magna scenedesmus quadricanda and danio rerio
Environmental Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Zhenghua Duan, Zhongzhi Chen, Yan LiAbstract:Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on Nontarget Organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from Nontarget Organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R-metalaxy and rac-metalaxyl on aquatic Organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R-metalaxyl and rac-metalaxyl. R-Metalaxy was about 20-fold more toxic to algae than rac-metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R-metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac-metalaxyl according to the individual 24-h-LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac-metalaxyl based on 24-h-EC50 values. In the light of 48-h-LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+-ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R-metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic Organisms than rac-metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
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Comparison of R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl in acute, chronic, and sublethal effect on aquatic Organisms: Daphnia magna, Scenedesmus quadricanda, and Danio rerio
Environmental Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Zhenghua Duan, Zhongzhi Chen, Yan LiAbstract:Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on Nontarget Organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from Nontarget Organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R-metalaxy and rac-metalaxyl on aquatic Organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R-metalaxyl and rac-metalaxyl. R-Metalaxy was about 20-fold more toxic to algae than rac-metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R-metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac-metalaxyl according to the individual 24-h-LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac-metalaxyl based on 24-h-EC50 values. In the light of 48-h-LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+-ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R-metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic Organisms than rac-metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Aamir Nazir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlorpyrifos-Induced hsp70 Expression and Effect on Reproductive Performance in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg ^9
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2001Co-Authors: Aamir Nazir, Indranil Mukhopadhyay, Daya K. Saxena, D. Kar ChowdhuriAbstract:Expression of hsp70 in the third-instar larval tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster ( hsp70-lacZ ) following dietary exposure to organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos for various time intervals was investigated. Effect of the chemical on different developmental stages of the fly was also evaluated by looking at survivorship, hatchability, emergence, fecundity, fertility, and reproductive performance. Our results showed that the toxicant evokes profound cytotoxic effect as evidenced by dark blue staining in salivary gland, proventriculus, brain ganglia, and midgut in the lowest concentration of the chemical following 24 and 48 h of exposure. On the other hand, a significant increase (61%) in hsp70 expression in the above larval tissues was observed in the next higher concentration of the toxicant after 6 h exposure when compared with that of the lowest dose. A further increase in exposure time caused 100% larval mortality. Similarly, larvae exposed to higher concentrations of the toxicant, exhibited 100% mortality within 1 h of treatment. The insecticide caused a delay in emergence and a severe reduction in survivorship of the flies in a dose-dependent manner with 100% mortality within a day of exposure in the highest dosed group. A delay in emergence by 3 days was evident even in the lowest concentration of the chemical. A drastic effect of the chemical on hatchability was found in the highest dosed group with 100% embryonic mortality at post-16 stage of the embryo. Reproductive performance was significantly affected even in the lowest dosed group. The present study suggests that certain larval tissues of Drosophila , a Nontarget Organism, are vulnerable to chlorpyrifos as evidenced by hsp70 expression. Further, the adverse effect of the toxicant is reflected on various stages of development of the fly including reproductive performance.
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Chlorpyrifos-Induced hsp70 Expression and Effect on Reproductive Performance in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg9
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2001Co-Authors: Aamir Nazir, Indranil Mukhopadhyay, Daya K. Saxena, D. Kar ChowdhuriAbstract:Expression of hsp70 in the third-instar larval tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) following dietary exposure to organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos for various time intervals was investigated. Effect of the chemical on different developmental stages of the fly was also evaluated by looking at survivorship, hatchability, emergence, fecundity, fertility, and reproductive performance. Our results showed that the toxicant evokes profound cytotoxic effect as evidenced by dark blue staining in salivary gland, proventriculus, brain ganglia, and midgut in the lowest concentration of the chemical following 24 and 48 h of exposure. On the other hand, a significant increase (61%) in hsp70 expression in the above larval tissues was observed in the next higher concentration of the toxicant after 6 h exposure when compared with that of the lowest dose. A further increase in exposure time caused 100% larval mortality. Similarly, larvae exposed to higher concentrations of the toxicant, exhibited 100% mortality within 1 h of treatment. The insecticide caused a delay in emergence and a severe reduction in survivorship of the flies in a dose-dependent manner with 100% mortality within a day of exposure in the highest dosed group. A delay in emergence by 3 days was evident even in the lowest concentration of the chemical. A drastic effect of the chemical on hatchability was found in the highest dosed group with 100% embryonic mortality at post-16 stage of the embryo. Reproductive performance was significantly affected even in the lowest dosed group. The present study suggests that certain larval tissues of Drosophila, a Nontarget Organism, are vulnerable to chlorpyrifos as evidenced by hsp70 expression. Further, the adverse effect of the toxicant is reflected on various stages of development of the fly including reproductive performance.
Zhongzhi Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of r metalaxyl and rac metalaxyl in acute chronic and sublethal effect on aquatic Organisms daphnia magna scenedesmus quadricanda and danio rerio
Environmental Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Zhenghua Duan, Zhongzhi Chen, Yan LiAbstract:Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on Nontarget Organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from Nontarget Organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R-metalaxy and rac-metalaxyl on aquatic Organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R-metalaxyl and rac-metalaxyl. R-Metalaxy was about 20-fold more toxic to algae than rac-metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R-metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac-metalaxyl according to the individual 24-h-LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac-metalaxyl based on 24-h-EC50 values. In the light of 48-h-LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+-ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R-metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic Organisms than rac-metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
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Comparison of R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl in acute, chronic, and sublethal effect on aquatic Organisms: Daphnia magna, Scenedesmus quadricanda, and Danio rerio
Environmental Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Zhenghua Duan, Zhongzhi Chen, Yan LiAbstract:Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on Nontarget Organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from Nontarget Organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R-metalaxy and rac-metalaxyl on aquatic Organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R-metalaxyl and rac-metalaxyl. R-Metalaxy was about 20-fold more toxic to algae than rac-metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R-metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac-metalaxyl according to the individual 24-h-LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac-metalaxyl based on 24-h-EC50 values. In the light of 48-h-LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+-ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R-metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic Organisms than rac-metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
