The Experts below are selected from a list of 10035 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nicole C. Krämer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dominant and submissive Nonverbal Behavior of virtual agents and its effects on evaluation and negotiation outcome in different age groups
Computers in Human Behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Stefan Kopp, Carolin Strasmann, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Abstract In this work, we explore the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior of a virtual agent on users in different age groups regarding their evaluations of the system as well as persuasion. We report a bipartite experimental laboratory study with young adults (N = 87) and seniors (N = 38). In the first part of the study, young adults interacted with the virtual agent in a desert-survival-scenario-task in a 2 (dominant vs. submissive Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (no attention guiding Behavior vs. attention guiding Behavior) experimental between-subjects design. Besides scrutinizing the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior, we wanted to know how adding Nonverbal Behavior to guide the users' attention influences the perception of dominant Nonverbal Behavior. While the dominant agent was indeed perceived as being more dominant, evaluations of the agent regarding likability and intelligence was not influenced by its Nonverbal Behavior. There were some effects for the perception of the game, however, the dominant Behavior was not more successful regarding persuasion (following the agents suggestions during the game). Adding attention guiding Nonverbal Behavior did only result in lower perceived competence of the agent. In the second part of the study, we replicated the submissive/dominance manipulation with senior participants in order to explore age differences. We found a number of effects: seniors evaluated the agent generally more positively (e.g., more likable, autonomous, intelligent, submissive, verbally and Nonverbally capable). Moreover, we found an interaction effect for persuasion, showing that seniors strongly follow the suggestions of the dominant agent. We discuss these findings especially against the background of agent applications in a medical context.
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with or against each other the influence of a virtual agent s non cooperative Behavior on user s cooperation Behavior in the prisoners dilemma
Advances in Human-computer Interaction, 2018Co-Authors: Carolin Strasmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative Nonverbal Behavior and actual decision-making Behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The Nonverbal Behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making Behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the Nonverbal Behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation.
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With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma
Hindawi Limited, 2018Co-Authors: Carolin Straßmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative Nonverbal Behavior and actual decision-making Behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The Nonverbal Behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making Behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the Nonverbal Behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation
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the effect of an intelligent virtual agent s Nonverbal Behavior with regard to dominance and cooperativity
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2016Co-Authors: Carolin Strasmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, Raffael Kaminski, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:In order to design a successful human-agent-interaction, knowledge about the effects of a virtual agent’s Behavior is important. Therefore, the presented study aims to investigate the effect of different Nonverbal Behavior on the agent’s person perception with a focus on dominance and cooperativity. An online study with 190 participants was conducted to evaluate the effect of different Nonverbal Behaviors. 23 Nonverbal Behaviors of four different experimental conditions (dominant, submissive, cooperative and non-cooperative Behavior) were compared. Results emphasize that, indeed, Nonverbal Behavior is powerful to affect users’ person perception. Data analyses reveal symbolic gestures such as crossing the arms, stemming the hands on the hip or touching one’s neck to most effectively influence dominance perception. Regarding perceived cooperativity expressivity has the most pronounced effect.
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the effects of an embodied conversational agent s Nonverbal Behavior on user s evaluation and Behavioral mimicry
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2007Co-Authors: Nicole C. Krämer, Nina Simons, Stefan KoppAbstract:Against the background that recent studies on embodied conversational agents demonstrate the importance of their Behavior, an experimental study is presented that assessed the effects of different Nonverbal Behaviors of an embodied conversational agent on the users' experiences and evaluations as well as on their Behavior. 50 participants conducted a conversation with different versions of the virtual agent Max, whose Nonverbal communication was manipulated with regard to eyebrow movements and self-touching gestures. In a 2x2 between subjects design each Behavior was varied in two levels: occurrence of the Behavior compared to the absence of the Behavior. Results show that self-touching gestures compared to no self-touching gestures have positive effects on the experiences and evaluations of the user, whereas eyebrow raising evoked less positive experiences and evaluations in contrast to no eyebrow raising. The Nonverbal Behavior of the participants was not affected by the agent's Nonverbal Behavior.
Stefan Kopp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dominant and submissive Nonverbal Behavior of virtual agents and its effects on evaluation and negotiation outcome in different age groups
Computers in Human Behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Stefan Kopp, Carolin Strasmann, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Abstract In this work, we explore the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior of a virtual agent on users in different age groups regarding their evaluations of the system as well as persuasion. We report a bipartite experimental laboratory study with young adults (N = 87) and seniors (N = 38). In the first part of the study, young adults interacted with the virtual agent in a desert-survival-scenario-task in a 2 (dominant vs. submissive Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (no attention guiding Behavior vs. attention guiding Behavior) experimental between-subjects design. Besides scrutinizing the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior, we wanted to know how adding Nonverbal Behavior to guide the users' attention influences the perception of dominant Nonverbal Behavior. While the dominant agent was indeed perceived as being more dominant, evaluations of the agent regarding likability and intelligence was not influenced by its Nonverbal Behavior. There were some effects for the perception of the game, however, the dominant Behavior was not more successful regarding persuasion (following the agents suggestions during the game). Adding attention guiding Nonverbal Behavior did only result in lower perceived competence of the agent. In the second part of the study, we replicated the submissive/dominance manipulation with senior participants in order to explore age differences. We found a number of effects: seniors evaluated the agent generally more positively (e.g., more likable, autonomous, intelligent, submissive, verbally and Nonverbally capable). Moreover, we found an interaction effect for persuasion, showing that seniors strongly follow the suggestions of the dominant agent. We discuss these findings especially against the background of agent applications in a medical context.
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A Second Chance to Make a First Impression? How Appearance and Nonverbal Behavior Affect Perceived Warmth and Competence of Virtual Agents over Time
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2012Co-Authors: Kirsten Bergmann, Friederike Eyssel, Stefan KoppAbstract:First impressions of others are fundamental for the further development of a relationship and are thus of major importance for the design of virtual agents, too. We addressed the question whether there is a second chance for first impressions with regard to the major dimensions of social cognition–warmth and competence. We employed a novel experimental set-up that combined agent appearance (robot-like vs. human-like) and agent Behavior (gestures present vs. absent) of virtual agents as between-subject factors with a repeated measures design. Results indicate that ratings of warmth depend on interaction effects of time and agent appearance, while evaluations of competence seem to depend on the interaction of time and Nonverbal Behavior. Implications of these results for basic and applied research on intelligent virtual agents will be discussed .
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the effects of an embodied conversational agent s Nonverbal Behavior on user s evaluation and Behavioral mimicry
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2007Co-Authors: Nicole C. Krämer, Nina Simons, Stefan KoppAbstract:Against the background that recent studies on embodied conversational agents demonstrate the importance of their Behavior, an experimental study is presented that assessed the effects of different Nonverbal Behaviors of an embodied conversational agent on the users' experiences and evaluations as well as on their Behavior. 50 participants conducted a conversation with different versions of the virtual agent Max, whose Nonverbal communication was manipulated with regard to eyebrow movements and self-touching gestures. In a 2x2 between subjects design each Behavior was varied in two levels: occurrence of the Behavior compared to the absence of the Behavior. Results show that self-touching gestures compared to no self-touching gestures have positive effects on the experiences and evaluations of the user, whereas eyebrow raising evoked less positive experiences and evaluations in contrast to no eyebrow raising. The Nonverbal Behavior of the participants was not affected by the agent's Nonverbal Behavior.
Louis-philippe Morency - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Automatic Nonverbal Behavior indicators of depression and PTSD: the effect of gender
Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, 2015Co-Authors: Giota Stratou, Stefan Scherer, Jonathan Gratch, Louis-philippe MorencyAbstract:Recently there has been arising interest in automatically recognizing Nonverbal Behaviors that are linked with psychological conditions. Work in this direction has shown great potential for cases such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however most of the times gender differences have not been explored. In this paper, we show that gender plays an important role in the automatic assessment of psychological conditions such as depression and PTSD. We identify a directly interpretable and intuitive set of predictive indicators, selected from three general categories of Nonverbal Behaviors: affect, expression variability and motor variability. For the analysis, we employ a semi-structured virtual human interview dataset which includes 53 video recorded interactions. Our experiments on automatic classification of psychological conditions show that a gender-dependent approach significantly improves the performance over a gender agnostic one.
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automatic audiovisual Behavior descriptors for psychological disorder analysis
Image and Vision Computing, 2014Co-Authors: Stefan Scherer, Giota Stratou, Marwa Mahmoud, Jill Boberg, Jonathan Gratch, Albert Rizzo, Gale M. Lucas, Louis-philippe MorencyAbstract:Abstract We investigate the capabilities of automatic audiovisual Nonverbal Behavior descriptors to identify indicators of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Due to strong correlations between these disordersas measured with standard self-assessment questionnaires in this study, we focus our investigations in particular on a generic distress measure as identified using factor analysis. Within this work, we seek to confirm and enrich present state of the art, predominantly based on qualitative manual annotations, with automatic quantitative Behavior descriptors. We propose a number of Nonverbal Behavior descriptors that can be automatically estimated from audiovisual signals. Such automatic Behavior descriptors could be used to support healthcare providers with quantified and objective observations that could ultimately improve clinical assessment. We evaluate our work on the dataset called the Distress Assessment Interview Corpus (DAIC) which comprises dyadic interactions between a confederate interviewer and a paid participant. Our evaluation on this dataset shows correlation of our automatic Behavior descriptors with the derived general distress measure. Our analysis also includes a deeper study of self-adaptor and fidgeting Behaviors based on detailed annotations of where these Behaviors occur.
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automatic Nonverbal Behavior indicators of depression and ptsd exploring gender differences
Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 2013Co-Authors: Giota Stratou, Stefan Scherer, Jonathan Gratch, Louis-philippe MorencyAbstract:In this paper, we show that gender plays an important role in the automatic assessment of psychological conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We identify a directly interpretable and intuitive set of predictive indicators, selected from three general categories of Nonverbal Behaviors: affect, expression variability and motor variability. For the analysis, we introduce a semi-structured virtual human interview dataset which includes 53 video recorded interactions. Our experiments on automatic classification of psychological conditions show that a gender-dependent approach significantly improves the performance over a gender agnostic one.
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cicero towards a multimodal virtual audience platform for public speaking training
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2013Co-Authors: Ligia Atrinca, Giota Stratou, Louis-philippe Morency, Ari Shapiro, Stefa SchereAbstract:Public speaking performances are not only characterized by the presentation of the content, but also by the presenters’ Nonverbal Behavior, such as gestures, tone of voice, vocal variety, and facial expressions. Within this work, we seek to identify automatic Nonverbal Behavior descriptors that correlate with expert-assessments of Behaviors characteristic of good and bad public speaking performances. We present a novel multimodal corpus recorded with a virtual audience public speaking training platform. Lastly, we utilize the Behavior descriptors to automatically approximate the overall assessment of the performance using support vector regression in a speaker-independent experiment and yield promising results approaching human performance.
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automatic Behavior descriptors for psychological disorder analysis
IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition, 2013Co-Authors: Stefan Scherer, Giota Stratou, Marwa Mahmoud, Jill Boberg, Jonathan Gratch, Albert Rizzo, Louis-philippe MorencyAbstract:We investigate the capabilities of automatic Nonverbal Behavior descriptors to identify indicators of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We seek to confirm and enrich present state of the art, predominantly based on qualitative manual annotations, with automatic quantitative Behavior descriptors. In this paper, we propose four Nonverbal Behavior descriptors that can be automatically estimated from visual signals. We introduce a new dataset called the Distress Assessment Interview Corpus (DAIC) which includes 167 dyadic interactions between a confederate interviewer and a paid participant. Our evaluation on this dataset shows correlation of our automatic Behavior descriptors with specific psychological disorders as well as a generic distress measure. Our analysis also includes a deeper study of self-adaptor and fidgeting Behaviors based on detailed annotations of where these Behaviors occur.
Carolin Strasmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dominant and submissive Nonverbal Behavior of virtual agents and its effects on evaluation and negotiation outcome in different age groups
Computers in Human Behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Stefan Kopp, Carolin Strasmann, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Abstract In this work, we explore the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior of a virtual agent on users in different age groups regarding their evaluations of the system as well as persuasion. We report a bipartite experimental laboratory study with young adults (N = 87) and seniors (N = 38). In the first part of the study, young adults interacted with the virtual agent in a desert-survival-scenario-task in a 2 (dominant vs. submissive Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (no attention guiding Behavior vs. attention guiding Behavior) experimental between-subjects design. Besides scrutinizing the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior, we wanted to know how adding Nonverbal Behavior to guide the users' attention influences the perception of dominant Nonverbal Behavior. While the dominant agent was indeed perceived as being more dominant, evaluations of the agent regarding likability and intelligence was not influenced by its Nonverbal Behavior. There were some effects for the perception of the game, however, the dominant Behavior was not more successful regarding persuasion (following the agents suggestions during the game). Adding attention guiding Nonverbal Behavior did only result in lower perceived competence of the agent. In the second part of the study, we replicated the submissive/dominance manipulation with senior participants in order to explore age differences. We found a number of effects: seniors evaluated the agent generally more positively (e.g., more likable, autonomous, intelligent, submissive, verbally and Nonverbally capable). Moreover, we found an interaction effect for persuasion, showing that seniors strongly follow the suggestions of the dominant agent. We discuss these findings especially against the background of agent applications in a medical context.
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with or against each other the influence of a virtual agent s non cooperative Behavior on user s cooperation Behavior in the prisoners dilemma
Advances in Human-computer Interaction, 2018Co-Authors: Carolin Strasmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative Nonverbal Behavior and actual decision-making Behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The Nonverbal Behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making Behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the Nonverbal Behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation.
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the effect of an intelligent virtual agent s Nonverbal Behavior with regard to dominance and cooperativity
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2016Co-Authors: Carolin Strasmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, Raffael Kaminski, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:In order to design a successful human-agent-interaction, knowledge about the effects of a virtual agent’s Behavior is important. Therefore, the presented study aims to investigate the effect of different Nonverbal Behavior on the agent’s person perception with a focus on dominance and cooperativity. An online study with 190 participants was conducted to evaluate the effect of different Nonverbal Behaviors. 23 Nonverbal Behaviors of four different experimental conditions (dominant, submissive, cooperative and non-cooperative Behavior) were compared. Results emphasize that, indeed, Nonverbal Behavior is powerful to affect users’ person perception. Data analyses reveal symbolic gestures such as crossing the arms, stemming the hands on the hip or touching one’s neck to most effectively influence dominance perception. Regarding perceived cooperativity expressivity has the most pronounced effect.
Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dominant and submissive Nonverbal Behavior of virtual agents and its effects on evaluation and negotiation outcome in different age groups
Computers in Human Behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Stefan Kopp, Carolin Strasmann, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Abstract In this work, we explore the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior of a virtual agent on users in different age groups regarding their evaluations of the system as well as persuasion. We report a bipartite experimental laboratory study with young adults (N = 87) and seniors (N = 38). In the first part of the study, young adults interacted with the virtual agent in a desert-survival-scenario-task in a 2 (dominant vs. submissive Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (no attention guiding Behavior vs. attention guiding Behavior) experimental between-subjects design. Besides scrutinizing the effects of dominant Nonverbal Behavior, we wanted to know how adding Nonverbal Behavior to guide the users' attention influences the perception of dominant Nonverbal Behavior. While the dominant agent was indeed perceived as being more dominant, evaluations of the agent regarding likability and intelligence was not influenced by its Nonverbal Behavior. There were some effects for the perception of the game, however, the dominant Behavior was not more successful regarding persuasion (following the agents suggestions during the game). Adding attention guiding Nonverbal Behavior did only result in lower perceived competence of the agent. In the second part of the study, we replicated the submissive/dominance manipulation with senior participants in order to explore age differences. We found a number of effects: seniors evaluated the agent generally more positively (e.g., more likable, autonomous, intelligent, submissive, verbally and Nonverbally capable). Moreover, we found an interaction effect for persuasion, showing that seniors strongly follow the suggestions of the dominant agent. We discuss these findings especially against the background of agent applications in a medical context.
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with or against each other the influence of a virtual agent s non cooperative Behavior on user s cooperation Behavior in the prisoners dilemma
Advances in Human-computer Interaction, 2018Co-Authors: Carolin Strasmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative Nonverbal Behavior and actual decision-making Behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The Nonverbal Behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making Behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the Nonverbal Behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation.
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With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma
Hindawi Limited, 2018Co-Authors: Carolin Straßmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative Nonverbal Behavior and actual decision-making Behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (Nonverbal Behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The Nonverbal Behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making Behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the Nonverbal Behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation
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the effect of an intelligent virtual agent s Nonverbal Behavior with regard to dominance and cooperativity
Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2016Co-Authors: Carolin Strasmann, Astrid Rosenthal-von Der M. Pütten, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, Raffael Kaminski, Nicole C. KrämerAbstract:In order to design a successful human-agent-interaction, knowledge about the effects of a virtual agent’s Behavior is important. Therefore, the presented study aims to investigate the effect of different Nonverbal Behavior on the agent’s person perception with a focus on dominance and cooperativity. An online study with 190 participants was conducted to evaluate the effect of different Nonverbal Behaviors. 23 Nonverbal Behaviors of four different experimental conditions (dominant, submissive, cooperative and non-cooperative Behavior) were compared. Results emphasize that, indeed, Nonverbal Behavior is powerful to affect users’ person perception. Data analyses reveal symbolic gestures such as crossing the arms, stemming the hands on the hip or touching one’s neck to most effectively influence dominance perception. Regarding perceived cooperativity expressivity has the most pronounced effect.
