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Sujatha Paranna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study.
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2020Co-Authors: Krishna Patil, Alok Patel, Sanket Kunte, Preetam Shah, Buneet Kaur, Sujatha ParannaAbstract:Aims and objectives The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the flexural strength and microhardness of zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement and glass ionomer type IX cement. Materials and methods The sample size of twenty each of group I (zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement) and group II (glass ionomer type IX cement) were selected. The samples were prepared in the customized steel molds and subjected to test for flexural strength and microhardness. The flexural strength was determined by the three-point bending test. After determining the flexural strength, the fragments were used to determine Vickers Hardness by means of an automatic microhardness indenter. The flexural strength and microhardness was calculated for all samples and subjected to statistical analysis. Two sample t-test with unequal variances were used, as the data are found to be from the same material. The Normality was checked by using the usual Normal Probability Plot. For flexural strength, p value was found to be 0.007530. Hence, zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement was superior to glass ionomer type IX cement. For microhardness the p value was found to be 0.0023. So, glass ionomer type IX cement was superior to zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement. Conclusion The zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement showed enhanced flexural strength when compared to glass ionomer type IX cement, thus increasing the longevity whereas glass ionomer type IX cement had a better microhardness than zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Hence, the mechanical properties of various materials should be considered for the long-term clinical success by selecting the appropriate material based on the clinical condition. How to cite this article Patil K, Patel A, Kunte S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):381-389.
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Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study.
International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2020Co-Authors: Krishna Patil, Alok Patel, Sanket Kunte, Preetam Shah, Buneet Kaur, Sujatha ParannaAbstract:The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the flexural strength and microhardness of zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement and glass ionomer type IX cement. The sample size of twenty each of group I (zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement) and group II (glass ionomer type IX cement) were selected. The samples were prepared in the customized steel molds and subjected to test for flexural strength and microhardness. The flexural strength was determined by the three-point bending test. After determining the flexural strength, the fragments were used to determine Vickers Hardness by means of an automatic microhardness indenter. The flexural strength and microhardness was calculated for all samples and subjected to statistical analysis. Two sample t-test with unequal variances were used, as the data are found to be from the same material. The Normality was checked by using the usual Normal Probability Plot. For flexural strength, p value was found to be 0.007530. Hence, zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement was superior to glass ionomer type IX cement. For microhardness the p value was found to be 0.0023. So, glass ionomer type IX cement was superior to zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement. The zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement showed enhanced flexural strength when compared to glass ionomer type IX cement, thus increasing the longevity whereas glass ionomer type IX cement had a better microhardness than zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Hence, the mechanical properties of various materials should be considered for the long-term clinical success by selecting the appropriate material based on the clinical condition. Patil K, Patel A, Kunte S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):381-389. Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
Martha A. Mutschler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using half-Normal Probability Plot and regression analysis to differentiate complex traits: differentiating disease response of multigenic resistance and susceptibility in tomatoes to multiple pathogen isolates
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005Co-Authors: Min-jea Kim, Walter T. Federer, Martha A. MutschlerAbstract:The need for a new analytical approach was encountered in the course of characterizing newly developed tomato lines resistant to late blight. Late blight resistant tomato lines were created in independent breeding programs using the accession Solanum pimpinellifolium L. (formerly Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (L.) Miller) L3708 as the source of the resistance. However, initial field observation suggested that the late blight resistance in the lines produced by two independent breeding programs differed. Possible causes included a partial transfer of the late blight resistance derived from S. pimpinellifolium L3708 or the possibility of race specificity of this resistance. A crucial issue was determining the most appropriate and robust analytical method to use with data from laboratory analyses of the responses of nine tomato lines against five P. infestans isolates. Prior analysis by standard ANOVA revealed significant differences across tomato lines but could not determine whether the disease responses in the CLN-R lines were different from those of the heterozygous F_1 hybrids, created by crossing susceptible tomatoes with the fixed CU-R lines. A different analytical method was needed. Therefore, sporangia numbers/leaflet and diseased area data were analyzed using a half-Normal Probability Plot and regression analysis. The results of this analysis show its utility for genetic or pathology studies. Considering only populations of the uniform tomato lines, this method confirms the results obtained by using a standard ANOVA, but provides a clearer demonstration of the distributions of the individuals within the populations and how this distribution impacts variance and the difference among the populations. This method also allows a joint analysis of the uniform lines with an additional population that is less uniform, because it is segregating. Such an analysis would be invalid using a standard ANOVA. The results of this joint analysis determined that the additional population was divergent from the fixed CU-R lines, and, against some isolates, against the CLN-R lines as well. Half-Normal Probability Plot analysis method would be applicable more broadly beyond analysis of disease resistance data. It could be useful for data from populations that are not Normally distributed, for traits which are affected by epistatic gene action, and could be useful for selection of extremes.
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Using Half-Normal Probability Plot and Regression Analysis to Differentiate the Disease Response of Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Genotypes to Multiple Isolates of Phytophthora infestans
2003Co-Authors: Min-jea Kim, Walter T. Federer, Martha A. MutschlerAbstract:M-J Kim et al Theor Appl Genet 2 Late blight resistant tomato lines were created in independent breeding programs using the accession L. pimpinellifolium L3708 as the source of the resistance. However, initial field observation suggested that the late blight resistance in the lines produced by two different breeding programs differed. To address the possibility of a partial transfer of the late blight resistance derived from L. pimpinellifolium L3708 and to examine the possibility of race specificity of this resistance, laboratory analyses were performed of the responses of nine tomato genotypes against five Phytophthora infestans isolates. Prior analysis by standard ANOVA revealed significant differences across lines but could not determine whether the disease responses in the AVRDC lines were different from those of the heterozygous F1 hybrids, created by crossing susceptible tomatoes with the Cornell resistant fixed lines. A different analytical method was needed. Therefore, sporangia numbers/leaflet and diseased area data were analyzed using a half-Normal Probability Plot and regression analysis. The results of this analysis show its utility for genetic or pathological studies. Considering only the uniform genotypes, this method confirms the results obtained by using a standard ANOVA, but provides a clearer demonstration of the distributions of the individuals within the populations and how this distribution impacts variance and the difference among the populations. This method also allows a joint analysis of the uniform genotypes with an addition population that is less uniform, because it is segregating. Such an analysis would be invalid using a standard ANOVA. The results of this joint analysis determined that the additional population was divergent from the Cornell fixed line, and, against some isolates, against the AVRDC lines as well. These implications of the results obtained for use of this late blight resistance are also discussed. INTRODUCTION M-J Kim et al Theor Appl Genet 3 Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans {Mont.) deBary, causes severe loss of tomato production when the environment is favorable to the pathogen. The control of this disease is increasingly difficult due to changes in pathogen virulence and increased chemical resistance of the pathogen (Fry and Goodwin 1997a; 1997b; Goodwin eta/. 1998; Kato et a/. 1997). Currently, late blight is controlled in tomato production fields by the use of fungicidal sprays; in some regions, the timing of these sprays is guided by blight forecasts based upon current weather conditions. {Davis et a/. 1996; 1998; Raposo et a/. 1993) Even with the monitoring of environmental conditions to forecast blight-favorable conditions and the utilization of controlling chemicals, losses in tomatoes due to late blight can be very high. Furthermore, many countries cannot afford the application of heavy loads of chemicals to their tomatoes. An incorporation of resistance could be a useful addition to an integrated late blight control strategy. Researchers at the AVRDC found that L. pimpinellifolium accession L3708 (a.k.a. LA 1269, NSL 116890 and Pl365957) is a strong resistance source to late blight in tomatoes {AVRDC 1994; Chunwongse et a/. 2002) and generously provided this accession to other breeding programs, each of which proceeded to transfer the resistance. However, when the resulting late blight resistant lines were grown together under natural infestation, the degree of resistance appeared to differ among lines from the different programs (R. Gardner, Pers. Comm.). Therefore, lines with resistance derived from L3708 bred at Cornell and at AVRDC were tested against a series of P. infestans isolates to test for differences in disease M-J Kim et al Theor Appl Genet 4 response among lines across isolates. Standard ANOVA analysis revealed that the lines produced by the two programs were significantly different, with the set of lines bred at Cornell all resistant across the 5 isolates used and the other set of lines bred at AVRDC all showing resistance to high levels of the disease against some of the 5 isolates (Kim, 2003, Kim and Mutschler, submitted) Heterozygous F1 hybrids produced by crosses of susceptible lines with the homozygous Cornell lines also showed resistance to high levels of disease against some of the 5 isolates. That analysis, however, could not fully determine whether the disease responses among all of the populations of interest. Using a standard ANOVA method for data analysis would not be appropriate if any of the lines/populations were segregating. Segregation was a possible explanation for the lower level of late blight resistance in the AVRDC lines than that in highly resistant Cornell lines bred from the same resistance source (Kim, 2003, Kim and Mutschler, submitted). Segregation was also a distinct possibility for some lowresistance selections from the Cornell program. Therefore, an alternative analytical method was needed for analysis of data including these populations. Half-Normal Probability Plot and regression analysis could be utilized to analyze a data set possibly including segregating populations. The half-Normal Probability Plot method was conceived by Daniel (1959) and further developed by Birnbaum (1959) and Krane (1963). It is a procedure to determine if a set of observations are members of a single distribution, or if there are outliers present. Then observations are ranked from 1 to n (highest). The ordered values of Pk = (2k 1 )/2n, k = 1, 2, ... , n, are computed. Using half-Normal Probability Plot graph paper, the values of Pk, as ordinate values, are Plotted against the response Yk as the abscissa values. The values of Yk falling on a straight line are considered to belong to the same distribution. Those not falling on the line are omitted M-J Kim et al Theor Appl Genet 5 and the Pk values are recomputed for the reduced set of observations. The values are then re-Plotted to determine if additional observations will be considered as outliers. Originally, the half-Normal Probability Plot was used to identify important vs. unimportant factors on effect (expressed as orders) in singly replicated factorial design experiments (Daniel 1959). If some combination of factors contributed differently from the combined majority of the other factors, similarly contributed factors are found on a common line, and the different contributing factors are found off this common line. If the data are Normally distributed, the data will be on the line. Important factors will not be in a Normally distributed data set and will be off this line, forming a different line. Therefore, if the factors have different effects, data will be grouped differently, affecting the lines drawn. To our knowledge, the half-Normal Probability Plot and regression analysis has not previously been used in genetic or pathological studies. The goals of this work is to apply the half-Normal Probability Plot and regression analysis to the sporangia number and disease area data in order to test the utility of this method on host/pathogen interaction data, and to attempt to determine more completely the differences in disease response across isolate among the tomato genotypes tested against a series of 5 isolates of P. infestans. MATERIALS AND METHODS
K Palanikumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of some factors influencing tool wear on the machining of glass fibre reinforced plastics by coated cemented carbide tools
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009Co-Authors: K Palanikumar, Paulo J DavimAbstract:Glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) composite materials are used in many different engineering fields. The need for machining of GFRP composites has not been eliminated fully. The tool wear reduction is an important aspect during machining. In the present work, an attempt has been made to assess the factors influencing tool wear on the machining of GFRP composites. Experimental design concept has been used for experimentation. The machining experiments are carried out on lathe using two levels of factors. The factors considered are cutting speed, fibre orientation angle, depth of cut and feed rate. A procedure has been developed to assess and optimize the chosen factors to attain minimum tool wear by incorporating (i) response table and effect graph; (ii) Normal Probability Plot; (iii) interaction graphs; (iv) analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. The results indicated that cutting speed is a factor, which has greater influence on tool flank wear, followed by feed rate. Also the determined optimal conditions really reduce the tool flank wear on the machining of GFRP composites within the ranges of parameters studied.
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assessment of factors influencing surface roughness on the machining of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites
Materials & Design, 2006Co-Authors: K Palanikumar, L Karunamoorthy, R KarthikeyanAbstract:Abstract In recent years, the utilization of glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) composite materials in many different engineering fields has undergone a tremendous increase. Accordingly, the need for accurate machining of composites has increased enormously. In the present work, an attempt has been made to assess the influence of machining parameters on the machining of GFRP composites. Design of experiments (full factorial design) concept has been used for experimentation. The machining experiments were conducted on all geared lathe using coated cermet tool inserts with two level of factors. The factors considered were cutting speed, work piece fiber orientation angle, depth of cut and feed rate. A procedure has been developed to assess and optimize the chosen factors to attain minimum surface roughness by incorporating: (i) response table and response graph; (ii) Normal Probability Plot; (iii) interaction graphs; (iv) analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique.
Krishna Patil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study.
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2020Co-Authors: Krishna Patil, Alok Patel, Sanket Kunte, Preetam Shah, Buneet Kaur, Sujatha ParannaAbstract:Aims and objectives The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the flexural strength and microhardness of zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement and glass ionomer type IX cement. Materials and methods The sample size of twenty each of group I (zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement) and group II (glass ionomer type IX cement) were selected. The samples were prepared in the customized steel molds and subjected to test for flexural strength and microhardness. The flexural strength was determined by the three-point bending test. After determining the flexural strength, the fragments were used to determine Vickers Hardness by means of an automatic microhardness indenter. The flexural strength and microhardness was calculated for all samples and subjected to statistical analysis. Two sample t-test with unequal variances were used, as the data are found to be from the same material. The Normality was checked by using the usual Normal Probability Plot. For flexural strength, p value was found to be 0.007530. Hence, zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement was superior to glass ionomer type IX cement. For microhardness the p value was found to be 0.0023. So, glass ionomer type IX cement was superior to zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement. Conclusion The zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement showed enhanced flexural strength when compared to glass ionomer type IX cement, thus increasing the longevity whereas glass ionomer type IX cement had a better microhardness than zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Hence, the mechanical properties of various materials should be considered for the long-term clinical success by selecting the appropriate material based on the clinical condition. How to cite this article Patil K, Patel A, Kunte S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):381-389.
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Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study.
International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2020Co-Authors: Krishna Patil, Alok Patel, Sanket Kunte, Preetam Shah, Buneet Kaur, Sujatha ParannaAbstract:The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the flexural strength and microhardness of zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement and glass ionomer type IX cement. The sample size of twenty each of group I (zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement) and group II (glass ionomer type IX cement) were selected. The samples were prepared in the customized steel molds and subjected to test for flexural strength and microhardness. The flexural strength was determined by the three-point bending test. After determining the flexural strength, the fragments were used to determine Vickers Hardness by means of an automatic microhardness indenter. The flexural strength and microhardness was calculated for all samples and subjected to statistical analysis. Two sample t-test with unequal variances were used, as the data are found to be from the same material. The Normality was checked by using the usual Normal Probability Plot. For flexural strength, p value was found to be 0.007530. Hence, zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement was superior to glass ionomer type IX cement. For microhardness the p value was found to be 0.0023. So, glass ionomer type IX cement was superior to zinc reinforced glass ionomer cement. The zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement showed enhanced flexural strength when compared to glass ionomer type IX cement, thus increasing the longevity whereas glass ionomer type IX cement had a better microhardness than zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement. Hence, the mechanical properties of various materials should be considered for the long-term clinical success by selecting the appropriate material based on the clinical condition. Patil K, Patel A, Kunte S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Glass Ionomer Type IX Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):381-389. Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
Ashok Kumar Sahoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Statistical regression modeling and machinability study of hardened AISI 52100 steel using cemented carbide insert
Growing Science, 2017Co-Authors: Amlana Panda, Ashok Kumar Sahoo, Arun Kumar RoutAbstract:The present study investigates performance and feasibility of application of low cost cemented carbide insert in dry machining of AISI 52100 steel hardened to (55 ± 1 HRC) which is rarely researched as far as machining of bearing steel is concerned. Machinability studies i.e. flank wear, surface roughness and morphology analysis of chip has been investigated and statistical regression modeling has been developed. The test has been conducted based on Taguchi L16 OA taking machining parameters like cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. It is observed that uncoated cemented carbide insert performs well at some selected runs (Run 1, 5 and 9) which show its feasibility for hard turning applications. The developed serrated saw tooth chip of burnt blue colour adversely affects the surface quality. Adequacy of the developed statistical regression model has been checked using ANOVA analysis (depending on F value, P value and R2 value) and Normal Probability Plot at 95% confidence level. The results of optimal parametric combinations may be adopted while turning hardened AISI 52100 steel under dry environment with uncoated cemented carbide insert
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Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Surface Roughness in Machining of gfrp Composites with Graphite/fly Ash Filler
Procedia Materials Science, 2014Co-Authors: Arun Kumar Parida, Ratnakar Das, Ashok Kumar Sahoo, Bharat Chandra RoutaraAbstract:Abstract In the present work, an attempt has been made to assess the influencing parameters on the machining of GFRP composites. Using Taguchi method, an L9 orthogonal array has been used for experimentation. The experiments were conducted on all geared lathe using carbide tool with three levels of input parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. A procedure has been developed to assess and optimize the chosen factors to attain minimum surface roughness by incorporating: (i) response table and response graph; (ii) Normal Probability Plot; (iii) analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. It is found that the feed rate is the most significant parameter followed by the depth of cut for surface roughness.
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application of response surface methodology on investigating flank wear in machining hardened steel using pvd tin coated mixed ceramic insert
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2013Co-Authors: Ashok Kumar Sahoo, Kashfull Orra, Bharat Chandra RoutraAbstract:Article history: Received February 8 2013 Received in revised format July 7 2013 Accepted July 8 2013 Available online July 8 2013 The paper presents the development of flank wear model in turning hardened EN 24 steel with PVD TiN coated mixed ceramic insert under dry environment. The paper also investigates the effect of process parameter on flank wear (VBc). The experiments have been conducted using three level full factorial design techniques. The machinability model has been developed in terms of cutting speed (v), feed (f) and machining time (t) as input variable using response surface methodology. The adequacy of model has been checked using correlation coefficients. As the determination coefficient, R (98%) is higher for the model developed; the better is the response model fits the actual data. In addition, residuals of the Normal Probability Plot lie reasonably close to a straight line showing that the terms mentioned in the model are statistically significant. The predicted flank wear has been found to lie close to the experimental value. This indicates that the developed model can be effectively used to predict the flank wear in the hard turning. Abrasion and diffusion has been found to be the dominant wear mechanism in machining hardened steel from SEM micrographs at highest parametric range. Machining time has been found to be the most significant parameter on flank wear followed by cutting speed and feed as observed from main effect Plot and ANOVA study. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved
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multi objective optimization and predictive modeling of surface roughness and material removal rate in turning using grey relational and regression analysis
Procedia Engineering, 2012Co-Authors: Ashok Kumar Sahoo, Arun Kumar Rout, Achyuta Nanda Baral, Bharat Chandra RoutraAbstract:Abstract This study applies Taguchi's design of experiment methodology and regression analysis for optimization of process parameters in turning AISI 1040 steel using coated carbide insert under dry environment. Experiments have been carried out based on L9 standard orthogonal array design with three process parameters namely cutting speed, feed and depth of cut for surface roughness and material removal rate. Based on the S/N analysis, the optimal process parameters for surface roughness are as follows: Cutting speed at level 3, feed at level 1 and depth of cut at level 3 i.e. v3-f1-d3 considering smaller-the-better approach. Similarly, the optimal process parameters for material removal rate are as follows: Cutting speed at level 3, feed at level 3 and depth of cut at level 3 i.e. v3-f3-d3 considering larger-better approach. Results of the main effect Plot indicate that cutting speed is the most significant process parameter for surface roughness and material removal rate followed by feed. The depth of cut is found to be least affecting parameter for both the responses. The mathematical models have been developed for individual responses using regression analysis. Regression models proposed are statistically significant and adequate because of higher R 2 value. The Normal Probability Plot vs. residuals of model shows that the residuals lie reasonably close to a straight line implying that the terms mentioned in the model are significant. At the same time, the predicted value from the developed model and experimental value are very close to each other showing significance of models developed. For simultaneous optimization of responses, Grey relational analysis combined with Taguchi method has been proposed. It is observed that there is good agreement between the estimated value (0.779) and experimental value (0.821) and the improvement of grey relational grade from initial parameter combination (v2-f2-d2) to the optimal parameter combination (v3-f3-d2) is found to be 0.284. This indicates the improvement through the proposed methodology.
