The Experts below are selected from a list of 26094 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Babak Javid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel Diagnostics and therapeutics for drug resistant tuberculosis
British Medical Bulletin, 2014Co-Authors: Melody Toosky, Babak JavidAbstract:Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This is at least partly due to late diagnosis and ineffective treatment of drug-resistant status. Sources of data: Selective search of the literature on DR-TB supplemented by recent guidelines from the World Health Organization. Areas of agreement: Better and more rapid diagnosis of DR-TB by new techniques such as Xpert Mtb/RIF are likely to make a substantial impact on the disease. New therapeutics for DR-TB are entering, or about to enter the market for the first time in decades. Areas of controversy: It is not clear whether new treatments should be restricted for DR-TB or also used for drug-susceptible tuberculosis.
Evangelia Vretou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic variability of chlamydophila abortus strains assessed by pcr rflp analysis of polymorphic membrane protein encoding genes
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Michelle Sait, Ewan M Clark, Nick Wheelhouse, Morag Livingstone, Lucy Spalding, Simone Magnino, B K Markey, Konrad Sachse, Victoria I Siarkou, Evangelia VretouAbstract:This study used PCR-RFLP to investigate the genetic variability of pmp-encoding genes from fifty-two Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) strains originating from abortion cases from various geographical regions and host species. Six primer pairs were used to PCR-amplify DNA fragments encoding eighteen pmps. PCR products were digested using four restriction endonucleases and Bayesian methodologies were used to compare RFLP profiles and assign strains to a RFLP genotype. Strains could be assigned to 2 genotypes in the region encoding pmp18D, 3 genotypes in the regions encoding pmp1A-pmp2B, pmp3E-pmp6H and pmp11G-pmp15G, 4 genotypes in the region encoding pmp7G-pmp10G and 5 genotypes in the region encoding pmp16G-pmp17G. In all regions, the majority of strains (88.4-96.1%) had the same genotype as the reference strain S26/3. No correlation could be made between genotype, host species or geographical origin except for the two variant Greek strains, LLG and POS, which formed a discrete genotype in all pmp-encoding regions except pmp18D. Relative rates of evolution calculated for each pmp-encoding gene locus suggest that differing selective pressures and functional constraints may exist on C. abortus polymorphic membrane proteins. These findings suggest that although intraspecies heterogeneity of pmp-encoding genes in C. abortus is low, the sequence heterogeneity should be an important consideration when using pmps as the basis for Novel Diagnostics or vaccine development.
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Genetic variability of strains assessed by PCR-RFLP analysis of polymorphic membrane protein-encoding genes
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Michelle Sait, Ewan M Clark, Nick Wheelhouse, Morag Livingstone, Lucy Spalding, Simone Magnino, B K Markey, Konrad Sachse, Victoria I Siarkou, Evangelia VretouAbstract:This study used PCR-RFLP to investigate the genetic variability of -encoding genes from fifty-two () strains originating from abortion cases from various geographical regions and host species. Six primer pairs were used to PCR-amplify DNA fragments encoding eighteen pmps. PCR products were digested using four restriction endonucleases and Bayesian methodologies were used to compare RFLP profiles and assign strains to a RFLP genotype. Strains could be assigned to 2 genotypes in the region encoding , 3 genotypes in the regions encoding , and , 4 genotypes in the region encoding and 5 genotypes in the region encoding -. In all regions, the majority of strains (88.4%-96.1%) had the same genotype as the reference strain S26/3. No correlation could be made between genotype, host species or geographical origin except for the two variant Greek strains, LLG and POS, which formed a discrete genotype in all -encoding regions except . Relative rates of evolution calculated for each -encoding gene locus suggest that differing selective pressures and functional constraints may exist on polymorphic membrane proteins. These findings suggest that although intraspecies heterogeneity of pmp-encoding genes in is low, the sequence heterogeneity should be an important consideration when using pmps as the basis for Novel Diagnostics or vaccine development.
William Checkley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of the global burden Novel Diagnostics therapeutics and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: William Checkley, Clinton A White, Devan Jaganath, Michael J Arrowood, Rachel M Chalmers, Xian Ming Chen, Ronald Fayer, Jeffrey K Griffiths, Richard L GuerrantAbstract:Summary Cryptosporidium spp are well recognised as causes of diarrhoeal disease during waterborne epidemics and in immunocompromised hosts. Studies have also drawn attention to an underestimated global burden and suggest major gaps in optimum diagnosis, treatment, and immunisation. Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly identified as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies in low-resource settings and high-income countries have confirmed the importance of cryptosporidium as a cause of diarrhoea and childhood malnutrition. Diagnostic tests for cryptosporidium infection are suboptimum, necessitating specialised tests that are often insensitive. Antigen-detection and PCR improve sensitivity, and multiplexed antigen detection and molecular assays are underused. Therapy has some effect in healthy hosts and no proven efficacy in patients with AIDS. Use of cryptosporidium genomes has helped to identify promising therapeutic targets, and drugs are in development, but methods to assess the efficacy in vitro and in animals are not well standardised. Partial immunity after exposure suggests the potential for successful vaccines, and several are in development; however, surrogates of protection are not well defined. Improved methods for propagation and genetic manipulation of the organism would be significant advances.
Deborggraeve Stijn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Enteritidis and Typhimurium core proteomes reveal differentially expressed proteins linked to the cell surface and pathogenicity
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2019Co-Authors: Saleh Sara, Van Puyvelde Sandra, An Staes, Timmerman Evy, Barbe Barbara, Jacobs Jan, Gevaert Kris, Deborggraeve StijnAbstract:BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contains more than 2,600 serovars of which four are of major medical relevance for humans. While the typhoidal serovars (Typhi and Paratyphi A) are human-restricted and cause enteric fever, non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars (Typhimurium and Enteritidis) have a broad host range and predominantly cause gastroenteritis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: We compared the core proteomes of Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Typhimurium and Enteritidis using contemporary proteomics. For each serovar, five clinical isolates (covering different geographical origins) and one reference strain were grown in vitro to the exponential phase. Levels of orthologous proteins quantified in all four serovars and within the typhoidal and non-typhoidal groups were compared and subjected to gene ontology term enrichment and inferred regulatory interactions. Differential expression of the core proteomes of the typhoidal serovars appears mainly related to cell surface components and, for the non-typhoidal serovars, to pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our comparative proteome analysis indicated differences in the expression of surface proteins between Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A, and in pathogenesis-related proteins between Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Our findings may guide future development of Novel Diagnostics and vaccines, as well as understanding of disease progression.status: publishe
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Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Enteritidis and Typhimurium core proteomes reveal differentially expressed proteins linked to the cell surface and pathogenicity
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2019Co-Authors: Saleh Sara, Van Puyvelde Sandra, An Staes, Timmerman Evy, Barbe Barbara, Jacobs Jan, Gevaert Kris, Deborggraeve StijnAbstract:Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contains more than 2,600 serovars of which four are of major medical relevance for humans. While the typhoidal serovars (Typhi and Paratyphi A) are human-restricted and cause enteric fever, non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars (Typhimurium and Enteritidis) have a broad host range and predominantly cause gastroenteritis. Methodology/Principle findings: We compared the core proteomes of Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Typhimurium and Enteritidis using contemporary proteomics. For each serovar, five clinical isolates (covering different geographical origins) and one reference strain were grown in vitro to the exponential phase. Levels of orthologous proteins quantified in all four serovars and within the typhoidal and non-typhoidal groups were compared and subjected to gene ontology term enrichment and inferred regulatory interactions. Differential expression of the core proteomes of the typhoidal serovars appears mainly related to cell surface components and, for the non-typhoidal serovars, to pathogenicity. Conclusions/Significance: Our comparative proteome analysis indicated differences in the expression of surface proteins between Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A, and in pathogenesis-related proteins between Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Our findings may guide future development of Novel Diagnostics and vaccines, as well as understanding of disease progression. Author summary: With an estimated 20 million typhoid cases and an even higher number of non-typhoid cases the health burden caused by salmonellosis is huge. Salmonellosis is caused by the bacterial species Salmonella enterica and over 2500 different serovars exist, of which four are of major medical relevance for humans: Typhi and Paratyphi A cause typhoid fever while Typhimurium and Enteritidis are the dominant cause of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections. The proteome is the entire set of proteins that is expressed by a genome and the core proteome are all orthologous proteins detected in a given sample set. In this study we have investigated differential expression of the core proteomes of the Salmonella serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, Typhimurium and Enteritidis, as well as the regulating molecules. Our comparative proteome analysis indicated differences in the expression of surface proteins between the serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, and in pathogenesis-related proteins between Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Our findings in proteome-wide expression may guide the development of Novel Diagnostics and vaccines for Salmonella, as well as understanding of disease
Michelle Sait - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic variability of chlamydophila abortus strains assessed by pcr rflp analysis of polymorphic membrane protein encoding genes
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Michelle Sait, Ewan M Clark, Nick Wheelhouse, Morag Livingstone, Lucy Spalding, Simone Magnino, B K Markey, Konrad Sachse, Victoria I Siarkou, Evangelia VretouAbstract:This study used PCR-RFLP to investigate the genetic variability of pmp-encoding genes from fifty-two Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) strains originating from abortion cases from various geographical regions and host species. Six primer pairs were used to PCR-amplify DNA fragments encoding eighteen pmps. PCR products were digested using four restriction endonucleases and Bayesian methodologies were used to compare RFLP profiles and assign strains to a RFLP genotype. Strains could be assigned to 2 genotypes in the region encoding pmp18D, 3 genotypes in the regions encoding pmp1A-pmp2B, pmp3E-pmp6H and pmp11G-pmp15G, 4 genotypes in the region encoding pmp7G-pmp10G and 5 genotypes in the region encoding pmp16G-pmp17G. In all regions, the majority of strains (88.4-96.1%) had the same genotype as the reference strain S26/3. No correlation could be made between genotype, host species or geographical origin except for the two variant Greek strains, LLG and POS, which formed a discrete genotype in all pmp-encoding regions except pmp18D. Relative rates of evolution calculated for each pmp-encoding gene locus suggest that differing selective pressures and functional constraints may exist on C. abortus polymorphic membrane proteins. These findings suggest that although intraspecies heterogeneity of pmp-encoding genes in C. abortus is low, the sequence heterogeneity should be an important consideration when using pmps as the basis for Novel Diagnostics or vaccine development.
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Genetic variability of strains assessed by PCR-RFLP analysis of polymorphic membrane protein-encoding genes
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Michelle Sait, Ewan M Clark, Nick Wheelhouse, Morag Livingstone, Lucy Spalding, Simone Magnino, B K Markey, Konrad Sachse, Victoria I Siarkou, Evangelia VretouAbstract:This study used PCR-RFLP to investigate the genetic variability of -encoding genes from fifty-two () strains originating from abortion cases from various geographical regions and host species. Six primer pairs were used to PCR-amplify DNA fragments encoding eighteen pmps. PCR products were digested using four restriction endonucleases and Bayesian methodologies were used to compare RFLP profiles and assign strains to a RFLP genotype. Strains could be assigned to 2 genotypes in the region encoding , 3 genotypes in the regions encoding , and , 4 genotypes in the region encoding and 5 genotypes in the region encoding -. In all regions, the majority of strains (88.4%-96.1%) had the same genotype as the reference strain S26/3. No correlation could be made between genotype, host species or geographical origin except for the two variant Greek strains, LLG and POS, which formed a discrete genotype in all -encoding regions except . Relative rates of evolution calculated for each -encoding gene locus suggest that differing selective pressures and functional constraints may exist on polymorphic membrane proteins. These findings suggest that although intraspecies heterogeneity of pmp-encoding genes in is low, the sequence heterogeneity should be an important consideration when using pmps as the basis for Novel Diagnostics or vaccine development.
