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S. Lakshminarayana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the Combined Role of Strong and Electroweak Interactions in Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy Scheme
2020Co-Authors: U.v Satya Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:With reference to proposed 4G model of final unification and strong interaction, recently we have developed a unified Nuclear Binding Energy scheme with four simple terms, one Energy coefficient of 10.1 MeV and two small numbers 0.0016 and 0.0019. In this paper, by eliminating the number 0.0019, we try to fine tune the estimation procedure of number of free or unbound nucleons pertaining to the second term with an Energy coefficient of 11.9 MeV. It seems that, some kind of electroweak interaction is playing a strange role in maintaining free or unbound nucleons within the nucleus. It is possible to say that, strong interaction plays a vital role in increasing Nuclear Binding Energy and electroweak interaction plays a vital role in reducing Nuclear Binding Energy. Interesting observation is that, Z can be considered as a characteristic representation of range of number of bound isotopes of Z. For medium, heavy and super heavy atoms, beginning and ending mass numbers pertaining to bound states can be understood with 2Z+0.004Z^2 and 3Z+0.004Z^2 respectively. With further study, neutron drip lines can be understood. Based on this kind of data fitting procedure, existence of our 4G model of electroweak fermion of rest Energy 584.725 GeV can be confirmed indirectly.
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Hypothetical Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding the Significance and Applications of the Strong Coupling Constant in the Light of Up and Down Quark Clusters
2019Co-Authors: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with Nuclear stability and Binding Energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, Nuclear Binding Energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique Energy coefficient. Based on the geometry and quantum nature, currently believed harmonic oscillator and spin orbit magic numbers can be considered as the lower and upper “mass limits” of quark clusters.
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Understanding Strong Coupling Constant, Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy with Three Atomic Gravitational Constants
2019Co-Authors: Satya Seshavatharam U.v, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:We present simple relations for Nuclear stability and Nuclear Binding Energy with respect to three gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions.
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On the Role of Squared Neutron Number in Reducing Nuclear Binding Energy in the Light of Electromagnetic, Weak and Nuclear Gravitational Constants – A Review
Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics, 2019Co-Authors: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:With reference to authors recently proposed three virtual atomic gravitational constants and Nuclear elementary charge, close to stable mass numbers, it is possible to show that, squared neutron number plays a major role in reducing Nuclear Binding Energy. In this context, Z=30 onwards, ‘inverse of the strong coupling constant’, can be inferred as a representation of the maximum strength of Nuclear interaction and 10.09 MeV can be considered as a characteristic Nuclear Binding Energy coefficient. Coulombic Energy coefficient being 0.695 MeV, semi empirical mass formula - volume, surface, asymmetric and pairing Energy coefficients can be shown to be 15.29 MeV, 15.29 MeV, 23.16 MeV and 10.09 MeV respectively. Volume and Surface Energy terms can be represented with (A-A2/3-1)*15.29 MeV. With reference to Nuclear potential of 1.162 MeV and coulombic Energy coefficient, close to stable mass numbers, Nuclear Binding Energy can be fitted with two simple terms having an effective Binding Energy coefficient of [10.09-(1.162+0.695)/2] = 9.16 MeV. Nuclear Binding Energy can also be fitted with five terms having a single Energy coefficient of 10.09 MeV. With further study, semi empirical mass formula can be simplified with respect to strong coupling constant.
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Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy with Nucleon Mass Difference via Strong Coupling Constant and Strong Nuclear Gravity
2019Co-Authors: Satya Seshavatharam U.v, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:With reference to electromagnetic interaction and Abdus Salam’s strong (Nuclear) gravity, 1) Square root of ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the strength of Nuclear elementary charge. 2) ‘Reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the maximum strength of Nuclear Binding Energy. 3) In deuteron, strength of Nuclear Binding Energy is around unity and there exists no strong interaction in between neutron and proton. G s ≅ 3.32688 × 10 28 m 3 kg - 1 sec - 2 being the Nuclear gravitational constant, Nuclear charge radius can be shown to be, R 0 ≅ 2 G s m p c 2 ≅ 1.24 fm . e s ≅ ( G s m p 2 ℏ c ) e ≅ 4.716785 × 10 − 19 C being the Nuclear elementary charge, proton magnetic moment can be shown to be, μ p ≅ e s ℏ 2 m p ≅ e G s m p 2 c ≅ 1.48694 × 10 − 26 J . T - 1 . α s ≅ ( ℏ c G s m p 2 ) 2 ≅ 0.1153795 being the strong coupling constant, strong interaction range can be shown to be proportional to exp ( 1 α s 2 ) . Interesting points to be noted are: An increase in the value of α s helps in decreasing the interaction range indicating a more strongly bound Nuclear system. A decrease in the value of α s helps in increasing the interaction range indicating a more weakly bound Nuclear system. From Z ≅ 30 onwards, close to stable mass numbers, Nuclear Binding Energy can be addressed with, ( B ) A s ≅ Z × { ( 1 α s + 1 ) + 30 × 31 } ( m n − m p ) c 2 ≈ Z × 19.66 MeV . With further study, magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant can be estimated with Nuclear elementary physical constants. One sample relation is, ( G N G s ) ≅ 1 2 ( m e m p ) 10 [ G F ℏ c / ( ℏ m e c ) ] where G N represents the Newtonian gravitational constant and G F represents the Fermi’s weak coupling constant. Two interesting coincidences are, ( m p / m e ) 10 ≅ exp ( 1 / α s 2 ) and 2 G s m e / c 2 ≅ G F / ℏ c .
U. V. S. Seshavatharam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypothetical Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding the Significance and Applications of the Strong Coupling Constant in the Light of Up and Down Quark Clusters
2019Co-Authors: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with Nuclear stability and Binding Energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, Nuclear Binding Energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique Energy coefficient. Based on the geometry and quantum nature, currently believed harmonic oscillator and spin orbit magic numbers can be considered as the lower and upper “mass limits” of quark clusters.
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On the Role of Squared Neutron Number in Reducing Nuclear Binding Energy in the Light of Electromagnetic, Weak and Nuclear Gravitational Constants – A Review
Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics, 2019Co-Authors: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:With reference to authors recently proposed three virtual atomic gravitational constants and Nuclear elementary charge, close to stable mass numbers, it is possible to show that, squared neutron number plays a major role in reducing Nuclear Binding Energy. In this context, Z=30 onwards, ‘inverse of the strong coupling constant’, can be inferred as a representation of the maximum strength of Nuclear interaction and 10.09 MeV can be considered as a characteristic Nuclear Binding Energy coefficient. Coulombic Energy coefficient being 0.695 MeV, semi empirical mass formula - volume, surface, asymmetric and pairing Energy coefficients can be shown to be 15.29 MeV, 15.29 MeV, 23.16 MeV and 10.09 MeV respectively. Volume and Surface Energy terms can be represented with (A-A2/3-1)*15.29 MeV. With reference to Nuclear potential of 1.162 MeV and coulombic Energy coefficient, close to stable mass numbers, Nuclear Binding Energy can be fitted with two simple terms having an effective Binding Energy coefficient of [10.09-(1.162+0.695)/2] = 9.16 MeV. Nuclear Binding Energy can also be fitted with five terms having a single Energy coefficient of 10.09 MeV. With further study, semi empirical mass formula can be simplified with respect to strong coupling constant.
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Role of Four Gravitational Constants in Nuclear Structure
Mapana Journal of Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:This paper attempts to understand the role of the four gravitational constants in the Nuclear structure whichhelps in understanding the Nuclear elementary charge, the strong coupling constant, Nuclear charge radii,nucleon magnetic moments, Nuclear stability, Nuclear Binding Energy and Neutron life time. The three assumed atomic gravitational constants help in understanding neutron-proton stability. Electromagnetic and Nuclear gravitational constants play a role in understanding proton-electron mass ratio, Bohr radius and characteristic atomic radius. With reference to the weak gravitational constant, it is possible to predict the existence of a weakly interacting fermion of rest Energy 585 GeV, called Higg’s fermion. Cosmological ‘dark matter’ research and observations can be carried out in this direction also.
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On the role of ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant in Nuclear structure
2018Co-Authors: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:Considering ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant as an index of strength of Nuclear Binding Energy, it was reviewed the basics of Nuclear Binding Energy and Nuclear stability.
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A Review on Nuclear Binding Energy Connected with Strong Interaction
Prespacetime Journal, 2017Co-Authors: U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:Nuclear Binding Energy can be addressed with a single Energy coefficient assumed to be associated with strong and coulombic interactions.
U.v Satya Seshavatharam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the Combined Role of Strong and Electroweak Interactions in Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy Scheme
2020Co-Authors: U.v Satya Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:With reference to proposed 4G model of final unification and strong interaction, recently we have developed a unified Nuclear Binding Energy scheme with four simple terms, one Energy coefficient of 10.1 MeV and two small numbers 0.0016 and 0.0019. In this paper, by eliminating the number 0.0019, we try to fine tune the estimation procedure of number of free or unbound nucleons pertaining to the second term with an Energy coefficient of 11.9 MeV. It seems that, some kind of electroweak interaction is playing a strange role in maintaining free or unbound nucleons within the nucleus. It is possible to say that, strong interaction plays a vital role in increasing Nuclear Binding Energy and electroweak interaction plays a vital role in reducing Nuclear Binding Energy. Interesting observation is that, Z can be considered as a characteristic representation of range of number of bound isotopes of Z. For medium, heavy and super heavy atoms, beginning and ending mass numbers pertaining to bound states can be understood with 2Z+0.004Z^2 and 3Z+0.004Z^2 respectively. With further study, neutron drip lines can be understood. Based on this kind of data fitting procedure, existence of our 4G model of electroweak fermion of rest Energy 584.725 GeV can be confirmed indirectly.
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Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy with Strong and Electroweak Coupling Constants
2017Co-Authors: U.v Satya Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:At Nuclear scale, we present three heuristic relations pertaining to strong and electroweak coupling constants. With these relations, close to beta stability line, it is possible to study Nuclear Binding Energy with a single Energy coefficient of magnitude ( 1 α s )[ e 2 4π ε 0 R 0 ]≈10.0 MeV. With reference to up and down quark masses, it is also possible to interpret that, Nuclear Binding Energy is proportional to the mean mass of [ ( 2 m u + m d ) and ( m u +2 m d ) ]≈10.0 MeV.
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on the role of fermi gas model in understanding the Binding Energy of stable atomic nuclides
Prespacetime Journal, 2015Co-Authors: U.v Satya Seshavatharam, P Kalyanai, Ramanuja B Srinivas, T Rajavardhanarao, Ch Lingaraju, Subhash LakshminarayanaAbstract:Considering the famous Fermi gas model of nucleus, it is possible to show that, for stable atomic nuclides starting from Z=30, magnitude of Nuclear Binding Energy is approximately equal to the magnitude of proton’s kinetic Energy. In general, when the magnitude of Nuclear Binding Energy approaches ( Z-2+sqrt [ Z/30 ]) 19.78 MeV isotopes of inclined to attain stability.
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analytical procedure for estimating the gravitational constant with Nuclear Binding Energy of stable atomic nuclides and squared avogadro number
Frontiers of Astronomy Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2015Co-Authors: U.v Satya Seshavatharam, Subhash LakshminarayanaAbstract:By considering the strength of Schwarzschild interaction as ‘unity’ and by considering squared Avogadro number as a suitable scaling factor, in the previously published papers the authors made an attempt to understand the basics of Nuclear physics and strong interaction. In this paper an attempt is made fit the magnitude of the gravitational constant with Nuclear Binding Energy data of naturally occurring stable atomic nuclides starting from Z=30 to 92. Characteristic Binding potential can be taken as . Stable atomic nuclides can be selected in such a way that, ratio of Binding Energy of the nuclide and characteristic Binding potential is close to the proton number of that nuclide. Accuracy of the gravitational constant mainly depends on the selected number of stable atomic nuclides which in turn depends on the accuracy of the assumed Binding potential. Very interesting observation is that, where is the strong coupling constant, is the fine structure ratio and is the characteristic Nuclear size (1.20 to 1.25) fm. If and if
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Nuclear Binding Energy in Strong Nuclear gravity
viXra, 2011Co-Authors: U.v Satya Seshavatharam, S. LakshminarayanaAbstract:It is noticed that ratio of coulombic Energy coefficient and proton rest Energy is close to the product of fine structure ratio and the strong coupling constant. Strong coupling constant plays a crucial role in Binding Energy saturation. Based on strong Nuclear gravity, semi empirical mass formula and with reference to the gravitational mass generator,$X_E \cong 295.0606338,$ an expression is proposed for neutron and proton rest masses at quantum numbers n =1 and 2. Nuclear Binding Energy can be fitted with 2 terms and one Energy constant. For these 2 terms, coulombic Energy constant $E_c \cong0.7681 $ MeV is applied. Another attempt is made to fit the Nuclear Binding Energy with a product of 5 factors with 0.7681 MeV. At Z = 2 and A = 4 obtained Binding Energy is 28.8 MeV. For any Z error in Binding Energy is very small near the stable mass number and increasing above and below the stable mass number. In these two methods new Nuclear stability factor $S_f \cong 157.025$ plays a crucial role in proton-neutron stability.
M. Betancourt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear Binding Energy and transverse momentum imbalance in neutrino-nucleus reactions
Physical Review D, 2020Co-Authors: T. Cai, L. A. Harewood, C. Wret, F. Akbar, D. A. Andrade, M. V. Ascencio, L. Bellantoni, A. Bercellie, M. BetancourtAbstract:We have measured new observables based on the final state kinematic imbalances in the mesonless production of $\nu_\mu+A\rightarrow\mu^-+p+X$ in the $\text{MINER}\nu\text{A}$ tracker. Components of the muon-proton momentum imbalances parallel ($\delta p_\mathrm{Ty}$) and perpendicular($\delta p_\mathrm{Tx}$) to the momentum transfer in the transverse plane are found to be sensitive to the Nuclear effects such as Fermi motion, Binding Energy and non-QE contributions. The QE peak location in $\delta p_\mathrm{Ty}$ is particularly sensitive to the Binding Energy. Differential cross sections are compared to predictions from different neutrino interaction models. The Fermi gas models presented in this study cannot simultaneously describe features such as QE peak location, width and the non-QE events contributing to the signal process. Correcting the GENIE's Binding Energy implementation according to theory causes better agreement with data. Hints of proton left-right asymmetry are observed in $\delta p_\mathrm{Tx}$. Better modeling of the Binding Energy can reduce bias in neutrino Energy reconstruction and these observables can be applied in current and future experiments to better constrain Nuclear effects.
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Nuclear Binding Energy and transverse momentum imbalance in neutrino nucleus reactions
Physical Review D, 2020Co-Authors: T. Cai, L. A. Harewood, C. Wret, F. Akbar, D. A. Andrade, M. V. Ascencio, L. Bellantoni, A. Bercellie, M. Betancourt, A BodekAbstract:Observables based on the final state kinematic imbalances are measured in the mesonless production of $\nu_\mu+A\rightarrow\mu^-+p+X$ in the MINERvA tracker. Components of the muon-proton momentum imbalances parallel ($\delta p_{Ty}$) and perpendicular($\delta p_{Tx}$) to the momentum transfer in the transverse plane are found to be sensitive to the Nuclear effects such as Fermi motion, Binding Energy and non-QE contributions. The QE peak location in $\delta p_{Ty}$ is particularly sensitive to the Binding Energy. Differential cross sections are compared to predictions from different neutrino interaction models. None of the Fermi gas models simultaneously describe every feature of the QE peak width, location, and non-QE contribution to the signal process. Correcting the GENIE's Binding Energy implementation according to theory causes better agreement with data. Hints of proton left-right asymmetry is observed in $\delta p_{Tx}$. Better modelling of the Binding Energy can reduce bias in neutrino Energy reconstruction and these observables can be applied in current and future experiments to better constrain Nuclear effects.
T. Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear Binding Energy and transverse momentum imbalance in neutrino-nucleus reactions
Physical Review D, 2020Co-Authors: T. Cai, L. A. Harewood, C. Wret, F. Akbar, D. A. Andrade, M. V. Ascencio, L. Bellantoni, A. Bercellie, M. BetancourtAbstract:We have measured new observables based on the final state kinematic imbalances in the mesonless production of $\nu_\mu+A\rightarrow\mu^-+p+X$ in the $\text{MINER}\nu\text{A}$ tracker. Components of the muon-proton momentum imbalances parallel ($\delta p_\mathrm{Ty}$) and perpendicular($\delta p_\mathrm{Tx}$) to the momentum transfer in the transverse plane are found to be sensitive to the Nuclear effects such as Fermi motion, Binding Energy and non-QE contributions. The QE peak location in $\delta p_\mathrm{Ty}$ is particularly sensitive to the Binding Energy. Differential cross sections are compared to predictions from different neutrino interaction models. The Fermi gas models presented in this study cannot simultaneously describe features such as QE peak location, width and the non-QE events contributing to the signal process. Correcting the GENIE's Binding Energy implementation according to theory causes better agreement with data. Hints of proton left-right asymmetry are observed in $\delta p_\mathrm{Tx}$. Better modeling of the Binding Energy can reduce bias in neutrino Energy reconstruction and these observables can be applied in current and future experiments to better constrain Nuclear effects.
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Nuclear Binding Energy and transverse momentum imbalance in neutrino nucleus reactions
Physical Review D, 2020Co-Authors: T. Cai, L. A. Harewood, C. Wret, F. Akbar, D. A. Andrade, M. V. Ascencio, L. Bellantoni, A. Bercellie, M. Betancourt, A BodekAbstract:Observables based on the final state kinematic imbalances are measured in the mesonless production of $\nu_\mu+A\rightarrow\mu^-+p+X$ in the MINERvA tracker. Components of the muon-proton momentum imbalances parallel ($\delta p_{Ty}$) and perpendicular($\delta p_{Tx}$) to the momentum transfer in the transverse plane are found to be sensitive to the Nuclear effects such as Fermi motion, Binding Energy and non-QE contributions. The QE peak location in $\delta p_{Ty}$ is particularly sensitive to the Binding Energy. Differential cross sections are compared to predictions from different neutrino interaction models. None of the Fermi gas models simultaneously describe every feature of the QE peak width, location, and non-QE contribution to the signal process. Correcting the GENIE's Binding Energy implementation according to theory causes better agreement with data. Hints of proton left-right asymmetry is observed in $\delta p_{Tx}$. Better modelling of the Binding Energy can reduce bias in neutrino Energy reconstruction and these observables can be applied in current and future experiments to better constrain Nuclear effects.
