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Katsuyuki Fukutani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry - Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Markus Wilde, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:Nuclear Reaction Analysis is a method to quantitatively determine the concentration versus depth distribution of light elements in the near-surface region of solids. To detect a specific nucleus A, the analyzed material is bombarded with a beam of projectile ions (a) at a high energy (100 keV–20 MeV) that is sufficient to overcome the Coulomb repulsion barrier to fuse the nuclei of a and A. Conserving the total energy, the resulting Nuclear Reaction A(a,b)B forms a new nucleus B and emits secondary particles (b: protons (p), neutrons (n), 4He ions (‘α particles’) and/or γ-photons) with well-defined high (keV-MeV) energies. The presence of nucleus A in the target is then proven by registering such secondary particles (b) or the Reaction product (B) with a suitable detector.
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Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Markus Wilde, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:Nuclear Reaction Analysis is a method to quantitatively determine the concentration versus depth distribution of light elements in the near-surface region of solids. To detect a specific nucleus A, the analyzed material is bombarded with a beam of projectile ions (a) at a high energy (100 keV–20 MeV) that is sufficient to overcome the Coulomb repulsion barrier to fuse the nuclei of a and A. Conserving the total energy, the resulting Nuclear Reaction A(a,b)B forms a new nucleus B and emits secondary particles (b: protons (p), neutrons (n), 4He ions (‘α particles’) and/or γ-photons) with well-defined high (keV-MeV) energies. The presence of nucleus A in the target is then proven by registering such secondary particles (b) or the Reaction product (B) with a suitable detector.
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Fabrication and Hydrogen Permeation Properties of Epitaxial Er2O3 Films Revealed by Nuclear Reaction Analysis
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016Co-Authors: Wei Mao, Katsuyuki Fukutani, Markus Wilde, Shohei Ogura, Takumi Chikada, Takayuki Terai, Hiroyuki MatsuzakiAbstract:In order to evaluate the potential of erbium oxide films in applications such as hydrogen (H) permeation barriers, we fabricated high-quality Er2O3 thin films by ion beam sputter deposition on Si(100) as an epitaxial substrate. The physical structures of the thin films were characterized by scanning X-ray diffraction, and the process of hydrogen permeation through the Er2O3 films upon annealing in H2 was elucidated by H depth profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis. The results show that quasi-single-crystalline Er2O3(110) thin films can be produced that feature a hydrogen solubility, diffusivity, and permeability at 873 K of (1.1 ± 0.2) × 102 mol m–3, (7.2 ± 1.4) × 10–22 m2 s–1, and (3.8 ± 1.5) × 10–22 mol Pa–1/2 m–1 s–1, respectively. The remaining difference in hydrogen permeability between our quasi-single-crystalline Er2O3(110) thin films and that expected for ideal bulk Er2O3 attests to the negative role of residual defects (e.g., pores) that exist in the thin films.
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Dynamical observation of H-induced gate dielectric degradation through improved Nuclear Reaction Analysis system
2016 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), 2016Co-Authors: Yusuke Higashi, Masuaki Matsumoto, Riichiro Takaishi, Masamichi Suzuki, Yasushi Nakasaki, Mitsuhiro Tomita, Yuichiro Mitani, Koichi Kato, Shohei Ogura, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:The Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) system was successfully improved in terms of the control of dynamic hydrogen migration and reducing background noise. The proposed new system achieved nondestructive measurements of the hydrogen depth profile with a detection limit of less than 3×1019 atom/cm3. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and NRA with this system were compared in the Analysis of the hydrogen depth profile in gate dielectric for the first time and superiority of NRA was demonstrated. In addition, we successfully demonstrated that dynamic hydrogen migration in gate dielectric is strongly correlated with generation of both bulk defects and interface defects of gate dielectrics.
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hydrogen detection near surfaces and shallow interfaces with resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Surface Science Reports, 2014Co-Authors: Markus Wilde, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:Abstract This review introduces hydrogen depth profiling by Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) via the resonant 1H(15N,αγ)12C Reaction as a versatile method for the highly depth-resolved observation of hydrogen (H) at solid surfaces and interfaces. The technique is quantitative, non-destructive, and readily applied to a large variety of materials. Its fundamentals, instrumental requirements, advantages and limitations are described in detail, and its main performance benchmarks in terms of depth resolution and sensitivity are compared to those of elastic recoil detection (ERD) as a competing method. The wide range of 1H(15N,αγ)12C NRA applications in research of hydrogen-related phenomena at surfaces and interfaces is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the powerful combination of 1H(15N,αγ)12C NRA with surface science techniques of in-situ target preparation and characterization, as the NRA technique is ideally suited to investigate hydrogen interactions with atomically controlled surfaces and intact interfaces. In conjunction with thermal desorption spectroscopy, 15N NRA can assess the thermal stability of absorbed hydrogen species in different depth locations against diffusion and desorption. Hydrogen diffusion dynamics in the near-surface region, including transitions of hydrogen between the surface and the bulk, and between shallow interfaces of nanostructured thin layer stacks can directly be visualized. As a unique feature of 15N NRA, the Analysis of Doppler-broadened resonance excitation curves allows for the direct measurement of the zero-point vibrational energy of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on single crystal surfaces.
Masuaki Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dynamical observation of H-induced gate dielectric degradation through improved Nuclear Reaction Analysis system
2016 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), 2016Co-Authors: Yusuke Higashi, Masuaki Matsumoto, Riichiro Takaishi, Masamichi Suzuki, Yasushi Nakasaki, Mitsuhiro Tomita, Yuichiro Mitani, Koichi Kato, Shohei Ogura, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:The Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) system was successfully improved in terms of the control of dynamic hydrogen migration and reducing background noise. The proposed new system achieved nondestructive measurements of the hydrogen depth profile with a detection limit of less than 3×1019 atom/cm3. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and NRA with this system were compared in the Analysis of the hydrogen depth profile in gate dielectric for the first time and superiority of NRA was demonstrated. In addition, we successfully demonstrated that dynamic hydrogen migration in gate dielectric is strongly correlated with generation of both bulk defects and interface defects of gate dielectrics.
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Development and Application of Micro-beam Nuclear Reaction Analysis for Observation of Hydrogen Distribution
Shinku, 2007Co-Authors: Daiichiro Sekiba, Masuaki Matsumoto, Markus Wilde, Yonemura Hiroki, Takuya Nebiki, Syouhei Ogura, Tatsuo Okano, Jirouta Kasagi, Tadashi Narusawa, Shizuma KuribayashiAbstract:A microscope for hydrogen has been developed by means of micro-beam Nuclear Reaction Analysis. The resonance Nuclear Reaction between proton and 15N accelerated up to ~6 MeV is used. The micro-beam of 15N ion was made by a glass capillary, which has a taper shape. Against this focused 15N ion beam, samples are scanned perpendicularly to the beam direction by stepping motors. As an application of the microscope, a patterned Y thin film covered by Pd thin film was prepared, and the sample was exposed to 1 atm hydrogen atmosphere over a night. The hydrogen distribution in this sample was investigated by using a glass capillary, which has an exit with the 50 μm diameter. As a result, a profile of Nuclear Reaction Analysis, indicating that the hydrogen atoms are concentrated in the patterned Y thin films, was taken.
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Nuclear-Reaction Analysis of H at the Pb/Si(111) interface: Monolayer depth distinction and interface structure
Physical Review B, 2001Co-Authors: Katsuyuki Fukutani, Markus Wilde, Masuaki MatsumotoAbstract:Hydrogen atoms buried at the interface between Pb layers and the Si( 111) surface were investigated by resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) using 1 H( 1 5 N,αγ) 1 2 C in grazing incidence geometry. Pb atoms were deposited on the H-terminated Si( 111) surface at 110 K, and the H depth was clearly distinguished with a depth scale of one monolayer. The NRA spectrum revealed a monotonous shift to higher energy with increasing Pb coverage indicating H remains at the interface between Pb and the Si substrate. The dependence of the spectral shift on the Pb coverage was found to have an offset corresponding to a depth of about 0.1 I nm. This offset suggests a model for the Pb/H/Si(111) interface structure implying that the initial Pb layer resides in the preadsorbed H layer.
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Nuclear Reaction Analysis of h at the pb si 111 interface monolayer depth distinction and interface structure
Physical Review B, 2001Co-Authors: Katsuyuki Fukutani, Markus Wilde, Masuaki MatsumotoAbstract:Hydrogen atoms buried at the interface between Pb layers and the Si( 111) surface were investigated by resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) using 1 H( 1 5 N,αγ) 1 2 C in grazing incidence geometry. Pb atoms were deposited on the H-terminated Si( 111) surface at 110 K, and the H depth was clearly distinguished with a depth scale of one monolayer. The NRA spectrum revealed a monotonous shift to higher energy with increasing Pb coverage indicating H remains at the interface between Pb and the Si substrate. The dependence of the spectral shift on the Pb coverage was found to have an offset corresponding to a depth of about 0.1 I nm. This offset suggests a model for the Pb/H/Si(111) interface structure implying that the initial Pb layer resides in the preadsorbed H layer.
Markus Wilde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Different bound states of impurity hydrogen atoms in hydrothermally grown ZnO detected with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2020Co-Authors: H. Shimizu, Markus Wilde, Wataru SatoAbstract:Abstract The concentration of hydrogen impurities (H) incorporated in hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals and their thermal behaviors were investigated by means of 1H(15N,αγ)12C Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The H concentration measurements with NRA suggest that H exist in three different bound states in as-grown ZnO: two types of loosely bound H (LBH) and a strongly bound H (SBH). The LBH are removed out of the Reaction site by heat treatment up to 773 K but SBH remain even at 1373 K. The PALS measurements demonstrate the presence of (zinc vacancy)-H complexes (VZn + H) which also remain at 1373 K. Comparison with earlier theoretical calculations suggests that the SBH exist as VZn + H at a concentration of 0.10(4) at.%.
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Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Markus Wilde, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:Nuclear Reaction Analysis is a method to quantitatively determine the concentration versus depth distribution of light elements in the near-surface region of solids. To detect a specific nucleus A, the analyzed material is bombarded with a beam of projectile ions (a) at a high energy (100 keV–20 MeV) that is sufficient to overcome the Coulomb repulsion barrier to fuse the nuclei of a and A. Conserving the total energy, the resulting Nuclear Reaction A(a,b)B forms a new nucleus B and emits secondary particles (b: protons (p), neutrons (n), 4He ions (‘α particles’) and/or γ-photons) with well-defined high (keV-MeV) energies. The presence of nucleus A in the target is then proven by registering such secondary particles (b) or the Reaction product (B) with a suitable detector.
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Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry - Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Markus Wilde, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:Nuclear Reaction Analysis is a method to quantitatively determine the concentration versus depth distribution of light elements in the near-surface region of solids. To detect a specific nucleus A, the analyzed material is bombarded with a beam of projectile ions (a) at a high energy (100 keV–20 MeV) that is sufficient to overcome the Coulomb repulsion barrier to fuse the nuclei of a and A. Conserving the total energy, the resulting Nuclear Reaction A(a,b)B forms a new nucleus B and emits secondary particles (b: protons (p), neutrons (n), 4He ions (‘α particles’) and/or γ-photons) with well-defined high (keV-MeV) energies. The presence of nucleus A in the target is then proven by registering such secondary particles (b) or the Reaction product (B) with a suitable detector.
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Fabrication and Hydrogen Permeation Properties of Epitaxial Er2O3 Films Revealed by Nuclear Reaction Analysis
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016Co-Authors: Wei Mao, Katsuyuki Fukutani, Markus Wilde, Shohei Ogura, Takumi Chikada, Takayuki Terai, Hiroyuki MatsuzakiAbstract:In order to evaluate the potential of erbium oxide films in applications such as hydrogen (H) permeation barriers, we fabricated high-quality Er2O3 thin films by ion beam sputter deposition on Si(100) as an epitaxial substrate. The physical structures of the thin films were characterized by scanning X-ray diffraction, and the process of hydrogen permeation through the Er2O3 films upon annealing in H2 was elucidated by H depth profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis. The results show that quasi-single-crystalline Er2O3(110) thin films can be produced that feature a hydrogen solubility, diffusivity, and permeability at 873 K of (1.1 ± 0.2) × 102 mol m–3, (7.2 ± 1.4) × 10–22 m2 s–1, and (3.8 ± 1.5) × 10–22 mol Pa–1/2 m–1 s–1, respectively. The remaining difference in hydrogen permeability between our quasi-single-crystalline Er2O3(110) thin films and that expected for ideal bulk Er2O3 attests to the negative role of residual defects (e.g., pores) that exist in the thin films.
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hydrogen detection near surfaces and shallow interfaces with resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Surface Science Reports, 2014Co-Authors: Markus Wilde, Katsuyuki FukutaniAbstract:Abstract This review introduces hydrogen depth profiling by Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) via the resonant 1H(15N,αγ)12C Reaction as a versatile method for the highly depth-resolved observation of hydrogen (H) at solid surfaces and interfaces. The technique is quantitative, non-destructive, and readily applied to a large variety of materials. Its fundamentals, instrumental requirements, advantages and limitations are described in detail, and its main performance benchmarks in terms of depth resolution and sensitivity are compared to those of elastic recoil detection (ERD) as a competing method. The wide range of 1H(15N,αγ)12C NRA applications in research of hydrogen-related phenomena at surfaces and interfaces is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the powerful combination of 1H(15N,αγ)12C NRA with surface science techniques of in-situ target preparation and characterization, as the NRA technique is ideally suited to investigate hydrogen interactions with atomically controlled surfaces and intact interfaces. In conjunction with thermal desorption spectroscopy, 15N NRA can assess the thermal stability of absorbed hydrogen species in different depth locations against diffusion and desorption. Hydrogen diffusion dynamics in the near-surface region, including transitions of hydrogen between the surface and the bulk, and between shallow interfaces of nanostructured thin layer stacks can directly be visualized. As a unique feature of 15N NRA, the Analysis of Doppler-broadened resonance excitation curves allows for the direct measurement of the zero-point vibrational energy of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on single crystal surfaces.
Richard A. L. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tracer diffusion of deuterated polystyrene into polystyrene-poly(α-methyl styrene) studied by Nuclear Reaction Analysis
Polymer, 1998Co-Authors: M.g.d. Van Der Grinten, A.s. Clough, T.e. Shearmur, Mark Geoghegan, Richard A. L. JonesAbstract:Abstract The tracer diffusion of deuterated polystyrene (dPS) into natural polystyrene–poly( α -methyl styrene) (hPS–P α MS) blends has been studied as well as the diffusion of dPS–P α MS blends into hPS–P α MS blends. Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) as a depth profiling technique is shown to be useful to study the different systems. The diffusion constants have been determined as a function of temperature and as a function of composition of the blend of the tracer and the matrix. Blends as a tracer show a strong enhancement in diffusion in comparison to the pure dPS tracer, indicating that the intradiffusion coefficient measured in a sample where there is no chemical gradient is much bigger than the tracer diffusion measured from a thin film of pure dPS. The glass transition temperature T g has a considerable influence on the diffusion.
W. A. Lanford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear Reaction Analysis of Corroded Glass Surfaces
Application of Particle and Laser Beams in Materials Technology, 1995Co-Authors: K. Cummings, W. A. LanfordAbstract:The Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) method based on the 15N + 1H → 12C + 4He + γ-ray Nuclear Reaction is used to profile the concentration of hydrogen as a function of depth in glass samples. This approach is useful in several fields of study including glass corrosion and dating of obsidians for archaeological purposes. However the application of the NRA technique to corroded glasses requires some special considerations. In particular, because glasses are insulators, a system is needed to suppress the build-up of charge on the samples during Analysis. Further, the hydrogen in some types of corroded glasses is loosely bound and care must be taken to minimise hydrogen losses during profiling. This can be accomplished in most cases by freezing the samples prior to evacuation and Analysis, and by rastering the ion beam over a large area, keeping the total amount of accumulated charge on the sample to a minimum. The presence of glass corrosion products on the glass surfaces is also discussed.
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Nuclear Reaction Analysis of hydrogen in SSC beam pipe materials
1993Co-Authors: M. W. Ruckman, M. Strongin, W. A. LanfordAbstract:To control the photodesorption of molecular hydrogen, it is advantageous to reduce the amount of hydrogen in candidate SSC beam pipe materials and identify those procedures that: (1) lead to contamination of the beam pipe surface or materials, (2) would reduce the amount of hydrogen on the surface or in the bulk and (3) could be used for in-situ cleaning during Collider assembly or during Collider maintenance. Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) can be used to quantitatively measure the amount of hydrogen on the surface or within half a micron of the surface. The present report discusses data that has been obtained for candidate SSC beam pipe materials (Nitronix 40 Stainless Steel, Nitronix 40 SS coated with electrodeposited copper (Silvex process)), oxygen-free high conductivity copper (Hitachi 101 OFHC) and several miscellaneous samples. The work demonstrates the potential of the technique for characterizing the hydrogen concentration of accelerator beam pipe materials, for assisting in the development of better vacuum system materials for TeV-scale accelerators, and for the development of better beam pipe construction or maintenance procedures for future accelerator projects.
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Nuclear Reaction Analysis profiling as direct evidence for lithium ion mass transport in thin film rocking chair structures
Applied Physics Letters, 1993Co-Authors: Ronald B. Goldner, Terry E. Haas, Floyd O. Arntz, S. Slaven, K. K. Wong, B. Wilkens, C. Shepard, W. A. LanfordAbstract:A Nuclear Reaction Analysis technique using the p,γ Reaction, 7Li(p,γ)8Be, occurring at approximately 440 keV, (half‐width≊12 keV), has been utilized to determine the lithium concentration profiles in multilayer electrochromic window (‘‘smart window’’)/rechargeable battery cells when in their ‘‘colored’’/charged and ‘‘bleached’’/discharged states. The lithium profiles have been observed to shift according to the cells’ states, thereby providing direct experimental evidence for the so‐called rocking‐chair model for such structures.
