The Experts below are selected from a list of 1073352 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott H Fogler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of operating conditions on wax deposit carbon Number Distribution theory and experiment
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Sheng Zheng, Fan Zhang, Zhenyu Huang, Scott H FoglerAbstract:Wax deposition in subsea pipelines is a problem of enormous economic consequences. The carbon Number Distribution (CND) is an important characteristic of the deposit because it significantly affects the yield stress of wax deposit , which is important in the design of the remediation technique of pigging. In this study, the recent theories for wax thermodynamic modeling are coupled with heat and mass transport modeling to identify the critical factors that determine the carbon Number Distribution of wax deposits. It is found that the deposit carbon Number Distribution is closely related to the diffusion of different n-alkane components and their respective concentration driving forces. The impact of molecular diffusion of the multiple components on the evolution of deposit carbon Number Distribution is quantified by evaluating of the mass driving force for each n-paraffin component. In addition, the effects of operating conditions on the deposit carbon Number Distribution are investigated by modeling and ...
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effects of operating conditions on wax deposit carbon Number Distribution theory and experiment
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Sheng Zheng, Fan Zhang, Zhenyu Huang, Scott H FoglerAbstract:Wax deposition in subsea pipelines is a problem of enormous economic consequences. The carbon Number Distribution (CND) is an important characteristic of the deposit because it significantly affect...
Sheng Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of operating conditions on wax deposit carbon Number Distribution theory and experiment
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Sheng Zheng, Fan Zhang, Zhenyu Huang, Scott H FoglerAbstract:Wax deposition in subsea pipelines is a problem of enormous economic consequences. The carbon Number Distribution (CND) is an important characteristic of the deposit because it significantly affects the yield stress of wax deposit , which is important in the design of the remediation technique of pigging. In this study, the recent theories for wax thermodynamic modeling are coupled with heat and mass transport modeling to identify the critical factors that determine the carbon Number Distribution of wax deposits. It is found that the deposit carbon Number Distribution is closely related to the diffusion of different n-alkane components and their respective concentration driving forces. The impact of molecular diffusion of the multiple components on the evolution of deposit carbon Number Distribution is quantified by evaluating of the mass driving force for each n-paraffin component. In addition, the effects of operating conditions on the deposit carbon Number Distribution are investigated by modeling and ...
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effects of operating conditions on wax deposit carbon Number Distribution theory and experiment
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Sheng Zheng, Fan Zhang, Zhenyu Huang, Scott H FoglerAbstract:Wax deposition in subsea pipelines is a problem of enormous economic consequences. The carbon Number Distribution (CND) is an important characteristic of the deposit because it significantly affect...
Takaharu Okajima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Change in the Number Distribution of Complex Shear Modulus of Single Cells by Actin Cytoskeleton Modifications Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy
Biophysical Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Pinggen Cai, Yusuke Mizutani, Masahiro Tsuchiya, Koichi Kawahara, Takaharu OkajimaAbstract:The rheological properties of living cells strongly depend on their cytoskeletal structures, which are composed of polymer networks and responsible for fundamental cellular functions. In particular, the actin network plays a major role in determining the rheological properties of living cells. In order to elucidate how the rheological properties of individual cells are affected by actin filamentous structures, we measured the Number Distribution of complex shear modulus of single cells, which were treated by actin modification drugs and cultured on microarray substrates, by atomic force microscopy. A force modulation mode experiment was employed to measure the complex shear modulus of single cells in a frequency range of 2-200Hz. When the cells were treated with actin-stabilizing drug, jasplakinolide, and actin-disrupting drug, cytochalasin D (CD), the storage modulus G’ and loss modulus G” increased and decreased, respectively. The changes in G” were smaller comparing to those in G’. The moduli exhibited a weak power-law dependence on frequency [1], whereas the increasing and decreasing of G’ and G” were accompanied by a decreasing and increasing power-law exponent respectively. Furthermore, their corresponding logarithmic standard deviation σ showed a slight change in the case of jasplakinolide treatment whereas it became small and attained a constant value at higher frequencies in CD treatment [2]. The results indicated that individual differences of cell rheology enhanced as actin cytoskeletal structures were stabilized. Furthermore, it was implied that the observed frequency dependence of σ was attributed to a frequency susceptibility of actin filaments.[1] B. Fabry et al., Phys. Rev. E., vol. 68, pp. 041914-041917, 2003.[2] S. Hiratsuka et al., Ultramicroscopy, vol. 109, pp. 937-941, 2009.
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The Number Distribution of complex shear modulus of single cells measured by atomic force microscopy.
Ultramicroscopy, 2009Co-Authors: Shinichiro Hiratsuka, Yusuke Mizutani, Masahiro Tsuchiya, Koichi Kawahara, Hiroshi Tokumoto, Takaharu OkajimaAbstract:Abstract The viscoelastic properties of a large Number of mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells (n≃130) were investigated by combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a microarray technique. In the experiments, the cells were arranged and cultured in the wells of a microarray substrate, and a force modulation mode experiment was used to measure the complex shear modulus, G*, of individual cells in a frequency range 0.5–200 Hz. The frequency dependence of G* of the cells exhibited a power-law behavior and similar frequency dependencies have been observed in several cell types cultured on flat substrates. This indicated that the NIH3T3 cells cultured in the wells of a microarray have analogous structural organization to those cells cultured on flat substrates. The Number Distribution of both the storage and loss moduli of G* fitted well to a log-normal Distribution function, whereas the power-law exponent estimated by a power-law structural damping model showed a normal Distribution function. These results showed that combining AFM with a microarray technique was a suitable approach for investigating the statistics of rheological properties of living cells without the requirement of cell surface modification.
Akhilendra Pratap Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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particulate characterization and size Distribution in the exhaust of a gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition engine
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2015Co-Authors: Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Tarun Gupta, Jithin Lukose, Akhilendra Pratap SinghAbstract:Agglomeration, coagulation, surface condensation, adsorption and oxidation processes are a part of particulate evolution process and lead to significant changes in characteristics of particulate matter (PM), when they enter the atmosphere. PM formation can be significantly reduced by advanced combustion concepts such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). In the present study, experiments were performed in a modified gasoline fuelled HCCI engine at varying intake air temperatures (T_i), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates and relative air-fuel ratios (λ). For particulate characterization, a partial flow dilution tunnel was used to collect particulate samples on a filter paper. These particulate samples were analysed for benzene soluble organic fraction (BSOF), trace metals, and particulate morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physical characterisation of particulates was done using engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), which measured the particle size-Number Distribution. In the experiments, higher PM was found for richer fuel-air mixtures and it further increased with application of EGR. Trace metals were found to be significantly lower for HCCI generated PM, which increased with increasing EGR. BSOF was negligible as compared to total PM which showed relatively lower toxicity of gasoline HCCI particulates. Total Number of particles reduced with increasing λ, however particulate size-Number Distribution curve shifted away from accumulation mode, indicating that the particulate size decreased with increasing λ. Higher particle size-Number Distribution and particle size-mass Distribution were observed for increasing T_i. Particulate surface area and volume also increased with increasing T_i and mixture strength.
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effect of fuel injection pressure on diesel particulate size and Number Distribution in a crdi single cylinder research engine
Fuel, 2013Co-Authors: Avinash Kuma Agarwal, Atul Dha, Dhananjay Kuma Srivastava, Rakesh Kuma Maurya, Akhilendra Pratap SinghAbstract:Particulate and NOx emissions from diesel engine are the biggest challenges faced in making diesel engines environmentally benign. Measures adopted for reducing gravimetric particulate emission to meet the prevailing emission regulations necessarily always do not reduce particulate Number concentration, which has profound adverse health effects. Therefore it is important to investigate effect of fuel injection parameters, especially fuel injection pressure and start of injection timings on particulate size and Number Distribution in diesel exhaust. In the present study, a single cylinder research engine is used for experimental assessment of the effects of fuel injection strategies and start of fuel injection timing on particulate size–Number, surface area, and volume concentration Distributions by using engine exhaust particulate sizer (EEPS) spectrometer. Investigations have been conducted at three different fuel injection pressures (300, 500, 750 bar) and four different start of injection timings. The experimental data indicates that the particulate size–Number concentration increases with increasing engine load (BMEP) and it reduces with increasing fuel injection pressure.
Fan Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of operating conditions on wax deposit carbon Number Distribution theory and experiment
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Sheng Zheng, Fan Zhang, Zhenyu Huang, Scott H FoglerAbstract:Wax deposition in subsea pipelines is a problem of enormous economic consequences. The carbon Number Distribution (CND) is an important characteristic of the deposit because it significantly affects the yield stress of wax deposit , which is important in the design of the remediation technique of pigging. In this study, the recent theories for wax thermodynamic modeling are coupled with heat and mass transport modeling to identify the critical factors that determine the carbon Number Distribution of wax deposits. It is found that the deposit carbon Number Distribution is closely related to the diffusion of different n-alkane components and their respective concentration driving forces. The impact of molecular diffusion of the multiple components on the evolution of deposit carbon Number Distribution is quantified by evaluating of the mass driving force for each n-paraffin component. In addition, the effects of operating conditions on the deposit carbon Number Distribution are investigated by modeling and ...
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effects of operating conditions on wax deposit carbon Number Distribution theory and experiment
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Sheng Zheng, Fan Zhang, Zhenyu Huang, Scott H FoglerAbstract:Wax deposition in subsea pipelines is a problem of enormous economic consequences. The carbon Number Distribution (CND) is an important characteristic of the deposit because it significantly affect...
