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Michael E. Reding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Systemic Insecticides Reduce Feeding, Survival, and Fecundity of Adult Black Vine Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on a Variety of Ornamental Nursery Crops
Journal of economic entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Michael E. Reding, Christopher M. RangerAbstract:Systemic activity of the neonicotinoids clothianidin, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam and the anthranilic diamide chlorantraniliprole was tested against adult black vine weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on Astilbe, Euonymus, Heuchera, Rhododendron, Sedum, and Taxus. Insecticide treatments were applied to the soilless substrate of containerized plants. Bioassays were conducted 12 or 13, 26, and 42 d after treatment (DAT) and ran for 7 d; and feeding, mortality, and weight gain or loss by weevils were evaluated. Foliage was removed from test plants and then placed in arenas with adult black vine weevils. The neonicotinoids reduced feeding and weight gain by adult black vine weevils on most plant species with residual activity 42 DAT on some plant species. At 12 DAT, mortality was caused by the three neonicotinoids on Astilbe and by thiamethoxam on Sedum; and at 26 DAT dinotefuran caused mortality on Astilbe. Chlorantraniliprole reduced feeding on Taxus at 12 DAT, with no activity detected in other bioassays. Another set of bioassays was conducted to examine survival and fecundity of adult black vine weevils during prolonged feeding on Heuchera and Taxus systemically treated with dinotefuran or thiamethoxam. Bioassay procedures were similar to those described above, except they ran continuously for 56 d. Prolonged feeding on dinotefuran and thiamethoxam treated Heuchera and Taxus resulted in high mortality of adult black vine weevils and reduced fecundity. These studies show that the systemic activity of neonicotinoids is influenced by plant species and that systemic neonicotinoids have the potential to suppress black vine weevil populations in containerized Nursery Crops.
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Systemic Insecticides for Control of Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Container- and Field-Grown Nursery Crops
Journal of economic entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Michael E. Reding, Anand B. PersadAbstract:Black vine weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are serious pests of container- and field-grown Nursery Crops. Management programs usually target the larval stage in container-grown plants and the adults in field-grown plants. We tested several new systemic insecticides for efficacy against black vine weevil in container-grown Sedum spp. and field-grown Taxus spp. In 2006 and 2007, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and chlorantraniliprole were applied as surface drenches to containerized Sedum plants, and suppression of larval densities and adult feeding were evaluated. Sedum leaf bioassays were used to further examine the influence of clothianidin, dinotefuran, and chlorantraniliprole on adult feeding. In 2006, pots were infested with adult black vine weevil 1 d after treating, and in 2007 pots were infested 1 or 43 d after treating. All three insecticides significantly reduced the numbers of larvae in 2006, but not in 2007, because of low numbers of larvae in the untreated control plants. Dinotefuran and clothianidin reduced feeding by adult black vine weevil on containerized Sedum plants, resulting in more blossoms, fewer damaged leaves, and a lower percentage of leaves damaged compared with control plants. In bioassays with detached leaves, all three insecticides reduced feeding compared with control plants. Efficacy and timing of clothianidin, imidacloprid, and acephate soil drenches and imidacloprid and acephate soil injections were evaluated for black vine weevil control over a 1-yr period in field-grown Taxus plants. All insecticide treatments significantly reduced the numbers of larvae in field-grown Taxus plants compared with control plants; and all but the spring acephate drench improved the appearance of the Taxus (foliar rating) plants compared with untreated plants. All of the tested insecticides showed potential for preventing infestations of black vine weevil larvae and reducing feeding by the adults in ornamental plants.
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Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Performance in Container- and Field-Grown Hosts
Journal of Entomological Science, 2008Co-Authors: Michael E. RedingAbstract:The black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus F.) feeds on a variety of plant species and is a serious pest of ornamental Nursery Crops. The larval stage has a more restricted diet than the adult stage, but the larvae are more damaging because they feed on roots and often stunt or kill their hosts. Performance and establishment of larvae in various container- and field-grown Nursery Crops were examined. In trials on containerized plants, adult black vine weevil were caged with various combinations of known larval hosts. In these trials, most larvae were found in Sedum and Heuchera versus Astilbe, redbud, and Taxus. Larvae collected from Sedum weighed significantly more than those from Heuchera or Taxus. In one field trial, adult black vine weevils were released, and establishment of larvae among potential hosts was examined. In this trial, Sedum was a better host than hemlock or Rudbeckia. Based on the numbers of larvae found in the different plant species, Sedum was the best host for larvae. Another field trial examined the influence of mulch on the occurrence of larvae. The presence of mulch around small field-grown Taxus plants did not increase the numbers of larvae compared with bare soil. The presence of aged pine bark or Taxus needle mulches did not influence the occurrence of black vine weevils in field plots of young Taxus. Data from monitoring adults suggest they either emigrated from these plots within several weeks of emergence, although suitable hosts were present, or there was high mortality.
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Drip Chemigation with Imidacloprid and Nematodes for Control of Scarab Larvae in Nursery Crops
Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2008Co-Authors: Michael E. Reding, Heping Zhu, R. C. DerksenAbstract:Abstract Larvae of scarabs, also known as white grubs, are subterranean insects that damage ornamental Nursery Crops when they feed on roots. Management is generally based on application of chemical insecticides to the soil surface, followed by supplemental water to leach the toxicants into the soil. Drip irrigation systems have the potential to deliver insecticides and insect pathogens to the root zones of Crops to control subterranean insects. From 2004 through 2006, we tested the efficacy of imidacloprid (2004–2006), clothianidin (2006), or entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) + imidacloprid (2005) applied through drip irrigation to control white grubs in an ornamental Nursery. Insecticides (imidacloprid or clothianidin) or EPN + imidacloprid were injected into drip irrigation lines at the upstream end of rows in a commercial Nursery. EPN + imidacloprid was also injected into the root zone of trees or applied as a surface drench. In 2004 and 2005, imidacloprid applied at a preventive timing through drip irrigation lines significantly reduced the numbers of white grubs in the root zones of Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa Hance) trees. In 2006, variation in the data resulted in no significant differences at the P = 0.05 level, although, the percentage reductions of grubs by imidacloprid and clothianidin applied through drip irrigation were similar to trials in 2004 and 2005. EPN + imidacloprid applied through drip irrigation, injected into the soil, and surface drenched at a curative timing all significantly reduced the numbers of grubs compared to untreated trees. These data indicate drip irrigation is a viable delivery system for controls of white grubs in Nursery Crops.
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fall subsurface insecticide treatments control european chafer grubs damaging field grown Nursery Crops
Journal of environmental horticulture, 2004Co-Authors: Michael E. Reding, Ross D. Brazee, Michael G Klein, Charles R. KrauseAbstract:Third instar European chafer (EC), Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), were found to be killing field-grown Rhododendrons 'P.J.M.' and Eastern hemlocks in two commercial nurseries in northeastern Ohio. Apparently, 1 or 2 grubs per plant were sufficient to severely damage young plants (rhododendrons). Subsurface applications of Dursban TNP were tested as rescue treatments against the grubs in these fields. Three novel single-point subsurface applicators were tested for delivery of Dursban in the rhododendron trial. A subsurface treatment of Dursban TNP was compared to surface applied drench treatments of Dursban TNP and Dylox 80 T & O in the hemlock trial. We found that EC grubs killed young plants of both species by removing most of the fibrous roots and/or girdling the stems. The subsurface treatments of Dursban TNP, significantly reduced (95%) the number of EC grubs compared to untreated hemlocks and rhododendrons when treatments were applied early or late fall, respectively. There were no differences in suppression of grubs among the applicators in the rhododendron trial.
Denny J. Bruck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biology and Control of Root Weevils on Berry and Nursery Crops in Oregon
Acta Horticulturae, 2008Co-Authors: J. R. Fisher, Denny J. BruckAbstract:The root weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus and Otiorhynchus ovatus, the black vine and strawberry root weevil, respectively, are perennial, ubiquitous pests of berry and Nursery Crops throughout the world. Recently, we developed a mass rearing system for these pests and now are able to conduct controlled experiments to study their biology and to develop chemical and biological management systems. Here we highlight our findings from these studies. We tested the hypothesis that feeding on multiple hosts may promote reproductive success. We used three hosts: strawberry, rhododendron and birds nest spruce (Picea abies ‘Nidiformis’) in a permutated array where adults were placed on a host for 15, 30, 45 or 60 days and then moved to another host for the remainder of their lives, or up to 300 days. Strawberry was the best sole host. Birds nest spruce alone, and in combination with other hosts, adversely affected reproductive processes. Some combinations of strawberry and rhododendron appeared to have a ‘synergistic’ effect when considering egg production. We devised a soil bioassay for screening pesticides or biological agents. In our first studies with the system we tested two formulations of bifenthrin. Granular bifenthrin prevented only the establishment of larvae, whereas the liquid formulation was efficacious on later instars. We have also performed field studies to compare the efficacy of bifenthrin and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in which we observed no significant difference between chemical and fungal treatments. Laboratory bioassays were also performed to access the virulence of M. anisopliae against field collected O. ovatus. The fungus was highly
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efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae as a curative application for black vine weevil otiorhynchus sulcatus infesting container grown Nursery Crops
Journal of environmental horticulture, 2007Co-Authors: Denny J. BruckAbstract:Abstract The black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) is a serious pest of Nursery Crops. The fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (F52), is registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for BVW control. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of a curative drench application of M. anisopliae for controlling BVW larval infestations in container-grown Nursery plants and the effect of temperature on the rate of fungal growth and speed of kill. Trials evaluating the efficacy of M. anisopliae as a curative application were performed in the spring of 2004 and 2005 as well as the fall of 2006. Laboratory studies were performed to quantify the impact of temperature (10, 15, 20, 24 and 28C) on fungal growth and speed of kill. Metarhizium anisopliae applied in the greenhouse and outdoors in 2004 were 92 and 30% effective, respectively. Fungal applications to container-grown plant material maintained outdoors in the spring of 2005 were nearly 100% effective 28 days after applicatio...
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Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae as a Curative Application for Black Vine Weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) Infesting Container-Grown Nursery Crops
Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2007Co-Authors: Denny J. BruckAbstract:Abstract The black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) is a serious pest of Nursery Crops. The fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (F52), is registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for BVW control. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of a curative drench application of M. anisopliae for controlling BVW larval infestations in container-grown Nursery plants and the effect of temperature on the rate of fungal growth and speed of kill. Trials evaluating the efficacy of M. anisopliae as a curative application were performed in the spring of 2004 and 2005 as well as the fall of 2006. Laboratory studies were performed to quantify the impact of temperature (10, 15, 20, 24 and 28C) on fungal growth and speed of kill. Metarhizium anisopliae applied in the greenhouse and outdoors in 2004 were 92 and 30% effective, respectively. Fungal applications to container-grown plant material maintained outdoors in the spring of 2005 were nearly 100% effective 28 days after application. Fall applications in 2006 provided statistically significant reductions in the number of live BVW larve per pot, but were not as effective as spring applications in 2005. The mean media temperature of containers maintained outdoors in the fall of 2006 dropped considerably (10–12C) over the course of the experiment and were likely the cause for the reduced efficacy. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that temperatures below 20C (68F) significantly slowed fungal growth and the speed at which M. anisopliae infected BVW larvae. In the field, drench applications of M. anisopliae were very effective at eliminating BVW larvae in container-grown Nursery plants when media temperatures were adequate (> 15C (59F)). The use of M. anisopliae as a curative drench application has similar temperature-dependent limitations as the use of entomopathogenic nematodes for BVW control. Therefore, applications should occur as early in the fall as possible once egg laying has ended or in late spring just prior to pupation when media temperatures would be most conducive to fungal infection.
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Insect and Mite Control on Nursery and Landscape Plants with Entomopathogens
Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Denny J. Bruck, Ralph E. Berry, Jack D. DeangelisAbstract:Over 2,500 species of insects and mites are destructive to Nursery Crops in the United States (Johnson and Lyon, 1991). Likewise, there is a large and diverse number of Nursery plant species used in different landscape settings and geographic regions. Nursery and landscape plants represent a complex challenge for insect control products because of the large number of plant species, insect pests, growing conditions, potting media, and production techniques (Martin, 1997).
Charles H. Gilliam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Repeated Applications of Roundup Pro® Over the Top of Container-Grown Nursery Crops
Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2013Co-Authors: Albert J. Van Hoogmoed, Charles H. Gilliam, Glenn Wehtje, Patricia R. Knight, Wheeler G. Foshee, John W. Olive, Anna-marie MurphyAbstract:Three experiments studying the effects of repeated over-the-top applications of Roundup Pro® to container-grown Nursery Crops were conducted. Plants in 3.8 liter (1 gal) containers were treated wit...
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Determining Trace Gas Efflux from Container Production of Woody Nursery Crops
Journal of environmental horticulture, 2012Co-Authors: S. Christopher Marble, Charles H. Gilliam, Glenn B. Fain, Jeff L. Sibley, H. Allen Torbert, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, Patricia R. KnightAbstract:Agriculture is a large contributor of trace gas emissions and much of the work on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has focused on row Crops and pastures, as well as forestry and animal production systems; however, little emphasis has been placed on specialty crop industries such as horticulture. Our objective was to determine efflux patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O associated with four different Nursery container sizes [3.0 liter (trade gal; TG), 3.8 liter (#1; 1 gal), 7.6 liter (#2; 2 gal), and 11.4 liter (#3; 3 gal) using dwarf yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’ L.) grown under common production practices for one year. Weekly measurements indicated that carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were highest in the largest containers (#3). There was a significant positive relationship between container size and CO2 efflux. Nitrous oxide efflux followed a similar pattern, except there were no differences between the two smallest container sizes. In general, CO2 and N2O fluxes increased with...
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Determining Trace Gas Efflux from Container Production of Woody Nursery Crops
Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2012Co-Authors: S. Christopher Marble, Charles H. Gilliam, Glenn B. Fain, Jeff L. Sibley, H. Allen Torbert, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, Patricia R. KnightAbstract:Agriculture is a large contributor of trace gas emissions and much of the work on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has focused on row Crops and pastures, as well as forestry and animal production systems; however, little emphasis has been placed on specialty crop industries such as horticulture. Our objective was to determine efflux patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O associated with four different Nursery container sizes [3.0 liter (trade gal; TG), 3.8 liter (#1; 1 gal), 7.6 liter (#2; 2 gal), and 11.4 liter (#3; 3 gal) using dwarf yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’ L.) grown under common production practices for one year. Weekly measurements indicated that carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were highest in the largest containers (#3). There was a significant positive relationship between container size and CO2 efflux. Nitrous oxide efflux followed a similar pattern, except there were no differences between the two smallest container sizes. In general, CO2 and N2O fluxes increased with increasing temperature. Methane flux was consistently low and had no significant effect on total trace gas emissions. Results from this study begin to address uncertainties regarding the environmental impact of the horticulture industry on climate change while providing baseline data of trace gas emissions from container production systems needed to develop future mitigation strategies.
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Roundup Pro® Over the Top of Nursery Crops: Rates and Timing
Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2012Co-Authors: Albert J. Van Hoogmoed, Charles H. Gilliam, Glenn Wehtje, Patricia R. Knight, Wheeler G. Foshee, John W. Olive, Anna-marie MurphyAbstract:Nine species of container-grown plants were treated over-the-top with Roundup Pro® (41% glyshosate) at four rates: 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg ai·ha−1 (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai·A−1) either in...
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Duration of Flumioxazin-Based Weed Control in Container-Grown Nursery Crops
Weed Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Glenn Wehtje, Charles H. Gilliam, Stephen C MarbleAbstract:Abstract Flumioxazin is used in Nursery production and landscape maintenance industries. In these situations, weed control provided by flumioxazin often lasts longer than that reported in soil. Our objective was to quantify flumioxazin longevity under conditions found in Nursery production. Pots were filled with 6 : 1 (v/v) pine bark : sand mixture. This nonsoil media is typical of what is used for Nursery crop production. Pots were treated with flumioxazin at either 0.28 or 0.42 kg ai ha−1, and subsequently sown with either hairy bittercress (two winter experiments) or spotted spurge (two summer experiments) at weekly intervals. Weed seed germination, emergence, and seedling establishment in the treated pots was compared with nontreated control and used as a proxy for herbicide activity. Flumioxazin provided approximately 7 wk of complete (100%) hairy bittercress control regardless of rate. However, a rate effect was evident in only one of the two experiments conducted with hairy bittercress. In both exp...
Chuanxue Hong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A simple in-vitro 'wet-plate' method for mass production of Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores and factors influencing zoospore production.
Journal of microbiological methods, 2007Co-Authors: M O Ahonsi, Thomas J Banko, Chuanxue HongAbstract:A simple in-vitro ‘wet-plate’ method for mass-producing Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores at ≥1.0×10 6 zoospores/ml is described. Temperature critically affected zoospore production; 22 °C was optimum, while 36 °C was completely inhibitory. Zoospores being the most important propagule of P. nicotianae, temperature of recycled irrigation water may be manipulated to reduce diseases in irrigated Nursery Crops. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
J. R. Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biology and Control of Root Weevils on Berry and Nursery Crops in Oregon
Acta Horticulturae, 2008Co-Authors: J. R. Fisher, Denny J. BruckAbstract:The root weevils, Otiorhynchus sulcatus and Otiorhynchus ovatus, the black vine and strawberry root weevil, respectively, are perennial, ubiquitous pests of berry and Nursery Crops throughout the world. Recently, we developed a mass rearing system for these pests and now are able to conduct controlled experiments to study their biology and to develop chemical and biological management systems. Here we highlight our findings from these studies. We tested the hypothesis that feeding on multiple hosts may promote reproductive success. We used three hosts: strawberry, rhododendron and birds nest spruce (Picea abies ‘Nidiformis’) in a permutated array where adults were placed on a host for 15, 30, 45 or 60 days and then moved to another host for the remainder of their lives, or up to 300 days. Strawberry was the best sole host. Birds nest spruce alone, and in combination with other hosts, adversely affected reproductive processes. Some combinations of strawberry and rhododendron appeared to have a ‘synergistic’ effect when considering egg production. We devised a soil bioassay for screening pesticides or biological agents. In our first studies with the system we tested two formulations of bifenthrin. Granular bifenthrin prevented only the establishment of larvae, whereas the liquid formulation was efficacious on later instars. We have also performed field studies to compare the efficacy of bifenthrin and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in which we observed no significant difference between chemical and fungal treatments. Laboratory bioassays were also performed to access the virulence of M. anisopliae against field collected O. ovatus. The fungus was highly
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Acoustic Detection of Black Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larval Infestations in Nursery Containers
Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2002Co-Authors: R. W. Mankin, J. R. FisherAbstract:Abstract Acoustic detection systems have been developed to locate and target hidden infestations of root weevil larvae in container-grown Nursery Crops. Tests were conducted in laboratory and field...
