Nursing History

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Laurence Dopson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Karen Lamson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Geertje Boschma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • International Nursing History: the International Council of Nurses History collective and beyond.
    Nursing History Review, 2014
    Co-Authors: Geertje Boschma
    Abstract:

    In taking on, coordinating, researching, and eventually writing a centennial History of the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing embarked on an exciting, much needed, and also challenging project. The Center was only in its early phase of development when Joan Lynaugh, then director, agreed to take up the challenge of writing a more global Nursing History. Under her skillful and energizing academic leadership, a team of international Nursing History schol- ars worked on the book Nurses of All Nations from the early 1990s until its eventual publication in the ICN's centennial year, 1999.The exciting part of the experience was-probably very similar to what the ICN membership had also experienced all along-to become part of an international community of scholars and professionals. Furthermore, it was inspiring to debate ideas, ponder approaches, and, to explore the topic, to link with an international network of people familiar with international developments. Many of these people were or had firsthand involvement in international Nursing affairs and health initiatives. We were fortunate to learn from many experts where to find documents and with whom to talk to. We visited many organizations and archives. We traveled around the globe and met many nurses from the most diverse places and contexts in the process. The project went beyond national and cultural boundaries in that we did not seek to write a History of individual national Nursing organizations. Rather, we set it our goal to establish an international per- spective on nurses' professional identity and diversity. We were as much interested in understanding what had been the "glue" that had bound nurses from around the globe together in one international professional organization for so long, and we were curious to explore what had made the ICN meaningful to nurses who profoundly differed in race, ethnicity, religion, language, culture, nationality, and lived in very different political, economic and social contexts.1 We traced five perspectives throughout the book, including the subtle changing self-image of the ICN; its responses to issues of race, class, and gender; the meaning attached to Nursing and the profession; Nursing diplomacy and organizational survival; and personal friendships and travel.The ICN started out as a small organization in the broader context of the women's movement. For almost a century, the ICN has sustained its place as an important and meaningful organization for nurses from around the world. From the outset, its main goal has been to unite nurses worldwide through a confederation of national Nursing organizations. The confederation addressed matters important to both the profession of Nursing and people's health. Motivation, commitment, and enthusiasm banded nurses together despite turbulent social and economic changes, hardships of war, and pro- found cultural differences.The organization itself was founded in 1899; it was the initiative of the British nurse and suffragist Ethel Gordon Manson, later Mrs. Bedford Fen- wick, a prominent leader of the British Nurses Association (BNA). The profes- sional welfare of nurses, the interests of women, and the improvement of the people's health were intertwined goals for the founders of the ICN. But the new organization also reflected relations of cultural dominance of the time, rooted in colonialism and white supremacy. Although the organization's goal was to unite nurses internationally, the founding leaders all originated from Western Europe and North America, reflecting colonial relations of cultural dominance.Nursing as a respected, paid professional occupation for women from the middle class was a new phenomenon at the end of the 19th century. Health care profoundly changed as a result of industrialization and urbanization and shaped the demand for nurses. Scientific advancement of medicine trig- gered the rapid development of modern hospitals and led to the foundation of hospital schools for the professional training of nurses. …

  • Writing international Nursing History: what does it mean?
    Nursing History Review, 2008
    Co-Authors: Geertje Boschma
    Abstract:

    Attending a most inspiring international Nursing History conference in Stuttgart, Germany, in September 2006 gave me much food for thought about the meaning of international Nursing History. Why raise that question, you may wonder. Are we not already writing international History? Over the last decade, much Nursing History scholarship of international importance has appeared, seeking to explore issues of gender, class, race, religion, nation, and ethnicity in diverse international and (post)colonial contexts.1 The Nursing History Review regularly publishes contributions from scholars from many different countries exploring one or more of these categories. To some extent, then, yes, we do have an international Nursing History. But who constitutes the we is an important question that does need more explicit consideration. About a decade ago, I was involved in an international Nursing History project: writing the History of the International Council of Nurses (ICN), published on the occasion of the ICN's centennial celebration in 1999.2 We called our book Nurses of All Nations, but as a group of international Nursing History scholars we were painfully aware that, as authors, we represented very particular subject locations. For one, we were all English speaking, albeit not necessarily speaking English as our first language. We also wrote in English. Likewise, the organization we studied had emerged as an initiative centered in western Europe and North America, reflecting the dominant cultural power relations at the time. In seeking to establish an international perspective, we did not write a History of all individual national Nursing organizations, but we explored professional identity and diversity in the context of larger social changes in Nursing and health care. While we sought to go beyond national borders and cultural boundaries, we could do so only to a certain extent. What we call "international" comes with its limitations. No matter what perspective we offer, it is always situated. International Nursing History involves complex issues of translation, language being one of them. Making myself and my historical analyses understandable and accessible in an international context may imply writing in a language that is not my own-and inherently, a culture that is not my own. Learning to write in another language opens up opportunities to learn in and about other ways of existing, but it also implies giving up some of my own History. Having to articulate my ideas in another language means that some things get lost. Some culturally embedded words or experiences are very hard to get across, just because they don't exist in the same way in the other language (and culture). The experience of expressing myself in another language is only the tip of an iceberg, floating on a much larger, stronger undercurrent of "being different." As an example, the ICN, in order to be meaningful to nurses around the world, has adopted three formal languages, English, French, and Spanish, but not Mandarin, Arabic, Swahili, or German-let alone Dutch, or Frisian, my mother tongue. The choice of these three languages over others represents a particular colonial past. The choice comes with a cost: we remain understandable only in a particular way. How much of the individual experience, the individual identity of one nurse, practicing in one particular local context, can we put in perspective in international Nursing History? …

Sioban Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • teaching Nursing History the santa catarina brazil experience
    Nursing Inquiry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Maria Itayra Padilha, Sioban Nelson
    Abstract:

    Nursing History has been a much debated subject with a wide range of work from many countries discussing the profession’s identity and questioning the nature of Nursing and professional practice. Building upon a review of the recent developments in Nursing History worldwide and on primary research that examined the structure of mandated Nursing History courses in 14 Nursing schools in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, this paper analyzes both the content and the pedagogical style applied. We postulate that the study of History offers an important opportunity for the development of student learning, and propose that more creative and dynamic teaching strategies be applied. We argue the need for professors to be active historical researchers, so they may meaningfully contribute to the development of local histories and enrich the professional identities of both Nursing students and the profession. We conclude that historical education in Nursing is limited by a traditional and universalist approach to Nursing History, by the lack of relevant local sources or examples, and by the failure of historical education to be used as a vehicle to provide students with the intellectual tools for the development of professional understanding and self-identity.

  • How Do We Write a Nursing History of Disease
    Health and History, 1998
    Co-Authors: Sioban Nelson
    Abstract:

    Professor Patterson's question: 'How do we write a History of disease?' invokes a reflection on the perspective that someone interested in Nursing History has to bring to the History of disease. Professor Patterson's paper reviewed American scholarship in the field. From the Nursing perspective only A Midwife's Tale by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich and Susan Reverby's Ordered to Care1 could be considered to be relevant in that they contribute to a social History of Nursing in relation to disease and practice. This is a lamentable deficiency in the social History of disease. There is room, therefore, for much work to be done that focuses more precisely on Nursing practice in relation to disease. There has been an investigation into Nursing and childhood diseases such as polio, and nurses' work in immunisation campaigns, and baby clinics. So too, Nursing and public health work in the colonies (by secular nurses and missionaries) has generated a good deal of Nursing scholarship and I predict good histories in these areas will be published over the next decade.2

  • reading Nursing History
    Nursing Inquiry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Sioban Nelson
    Abstract:

    Reading Nursing History This paper undertakes a reading of Nursing History as a constituent discourse. The discursive power of History, with its active mining of the archives of the past to construct a narrative of contemporary force and power, is emphasized. The essay begins with the nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century professional histories that celebrated Nursing's evolutionary achievements. It then moves to the sociologically influenced revisions of the 1960s, and the feminist and critical revisions of the 1980s and 1990s. We then turn to recent scholarship and examine the call for Nursing History to participate in the theoretical construction of the discipline of Nursing. The observation is made that, in the name of relevance, contemporary Nursing History appears to be expected to contribute to the development of Nursing knowledge, just as early histories contributed to the professionalization of Nursing. The teleological assumptions of both Nursing History and Nursing theory are then argued to set the limits of Nursing discourse, with detrimental effect on scholarship.

Karen Alcorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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