The Experts below are selected from a list of 9078 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Irene Lenoirwijnkoop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
medical Nutrition terminology and regulations in the united states and europe a scoping review report of the ispor Nutrition Economics special interest group
Value in Health, 2019Co-Authors: Karen Freijer, Sheri Volger, János G Pitter, Clarissa Cooblall, Silvia M. A. A. Evers, Mickaël Hiligsmann, Aurelie Danel, Elizabeth Molsendavid, Irene LenoirwijnkoopAbstract:Abstract Background The term medical Nutrition (MN) refers to Nutritional products used under medical supervision to manage disease- or condition-related dietary needs. Standardized MN definitions, aligned with regulatory definitions, are needed to facilitate outcomes research and economic evaluation of interventions with MN. Objectives Ascertain how MN terms are defined, relevant regulations are applied, and to what extent MN is valued. Methods ISPOR’s Nutrition Economics Special Interest Group conducted a scoping review of scientific literature on European and US MN terminology and regulations, published between January 2000 and August 2015, and pertinent professional and regulatory Web sites. Data were extracted, reviewed, and reconciled using two-person teams in a two-step process. The literature search was updated before manuscript completion. Results Of the initial 1687 literature abstracts and 222 Web sites identified, 459 records were included in the analysis, of which 308 used MN terms and 100 provided definitions. More than 13 primary disease groups as per International Classification of Disease, Revision 10 categories were included. The most frequently mentioned and defined terms were enteral Nutrition and malNutrition. Less than 5% of the records referenced any MN regulation. The health economic impact of MN was rarely and insufficiently (n = 19 [4.1%]) assessed, although an increase in economic analyses was observed. Conclusions MN terminology is not consistently defined, relevant European and US regulations are rarely cited, and economic evaluations are infrequently conducted. We recommend adopting consensus MN terms and definitions, for example, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism consensus guideline 2017, as a foundation for developing reliable and standardized medical Nutrition economic methodologies.
-
Nutrition Economics food as an ally of public health
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Irene Lenoirwijnkoop, Peter J. H. Jones, Ricardo Uauy, Leonie Segal, John A. MilnerAbstract:Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are a major and increasing contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Much of the chronic disease burden is preventable through modification of lifestyle behaviours, and increased attention is being focused on identifying and implementing effective preventative health strategies. Nutrition has been identified as a major modifiable determinant of NCD. The recent merging of health Economics and Nutritional sciences to form the nascent discipline of Nutrition Economics aims to assess the impact of diet on health and disease prevention, and to evaluate options for changing dietary choices, while incorporating an understanding of the immediate impacts and downstream consequences. In short, Nutrition Economics allows for generation of policy-relevant evidence, and as such the discipline is a crucial partner in achieving better population Nutritional status and improvements in public health and wellness. The objective of the present paper is to summarise presentations made at a satellite symposium held during the 11th European Nutrition Conference, 28 October 2011, where the role of Nutrition and its potential to reduce the public health burden through alleviating underNutrition and Nutrition deficiencies, promoting better-quality diets and incorporating a role for functional foods were discussed.
Peter J. H. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Economic modeling for improved prediction of saving estimates in healthcare costs from consumption of healthy foods: the Mediterranean-style diet case study.
Food & Nutrition Research, 2019Co-Authors: Jason P.h. Jones, Mohammad M.h. Abdullah, Dallas Wood, Peter J. H. JonesAbstract:Background By design, existing scenario-based Nutrition Economics studies on the financial benefits of healthy dietary behaviors generally report uncertainty in inputs and wide ranges of outcome estimates. Objectives This modeling exercise aimed to establish precision in prediction of the potential healthcare cost savings that would follow a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) consistent with an increase in adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet). Design Using a Monte Carlo simulation model on a cost-of-illness analysis assessing MedDiet adherence, CVD incidence reduction, and healthcare cost savings in the United States and Canada, short- and long-term cost savings that are likely to accrue to the American and Canadian healthcare systems were estimated using 20 and 80% increases in MedDiet adherence scenarios. Results Increasing percentage of population adhering to a MedDiet by 20% beyond the current adherence level produced annual savings in CVD-related costs of US$8.2 billion (95% confidence interval [CI], $7.5-$8.8 billion) in the United States and Can$0.32 billion (95% CI, $0.29-$0.34 billion) in Canada. An 80% increase in adherence resulted in savings equal to US$31 billion (95% CI, $28.6-$33.3 billion) and Can$1.2 billion (95% CI, $1.11-$1.30 billion) in each respective country. Conclusion Computational techniques with stochastic parameter inputs, such as the Monte Carlo simulation, could be an effective way of incorporating variability of modeling parameters in Nutrition Economics studies for improved precision in estimating the monetary value of healthy eating habits.
-
Dietary fibre intakes and reduction in functional constipation rates among Canadian adults: a cost-of-illness analysis
Food & Nutrition Research, 2015Co-Authors: Mohammad M.h. Abdullah, Collin L. Gyles, Christopher P. F. Marinangeli, Jared G. Carlberg, Peter J. H. JonesAbstract:Background : Evidence-based research highlights beneficial impacts of dietary fibre on several aspects of the gut pathophysiology that are accompanied by a considerable financial burden in healthcare services. Recommended intakes of dietary fibre may thus associate with financial benefits at a population level. Objective : We sought to systematically assess the potential annual savings in healthcare costs that would follow the reduction in rates of functional constipation and irregularity with increased dietary fibre intakes among Canadian adults. Design : A cost-of-illness analysis was developed on the basis of current and recommended levels of fibre intake in Canada, constipation reduction per 1 g fibre intake, proportion of adults who are likely to consume fibre-rich diets, and population expected to respond to fibre intake. Sensitivity analyses covering a range of assumptions were further implemented within the economic simulation. Results : Our literature searches assumed a 1.8% reduction in constipation rates with each 1 g/day increase in fibre intake. With intakes corresponding to the Institute of Medicine’s adequate levels of 38 g/day for men and 25 g/day for women, among 5 and 100% of the adult populations, anywhere between CAD$1.5 and CAD$31.9 million could be saved on constipation-related healthcare costs annually. Each 1 g/day increase in dietary fibre was estimated to result in total annual healthcare cost savings that ranged between CAD$0.1 and CAD$2.5 million. Conclusions : The present research suggests an economic value of increasing dietary fibre intake beyond its well-known health benefits. Healthy-eating behaviours consistent with the recommended intakes of dietary fibre by the general public should hence be advocated as a practical approach for reducing costs associated with the management of constipation in Canada. Keywords: dietary fibre; constipation; healthcare; cost; savings; Nutrition Economics (Published: 11 December 2015) Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2015, 59: 28646 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.28646
-
Economic benefits of the Mediterranean-style diet consumption in Canada and the United States
Food & Nutrition Research, 2015Co-Authors: Mohammad M.h. Abdullah, Jason P.h. Jones, Peter J. H. JonesAbstract:Background : The Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) is an established healthy-eating behavior that has consistently been shown to favorably impact cardiovascular health, thus likely improving quality of life and reducing costs associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data on the economic benefits of MedDiet intakes are, however, scarce. Objective : The objective of this study was to estimate the annual healthcare and societal cost savings that would accrue to the Canadian and American public, independently, as a result of a reduction in the incidence of CVD following adherence to a MedDiet. Design : A variation in cost-of-illness analysis entailing three stages of estimations was developed to 1) identify the proportion of individuals who are likely to adopt a MedDiet in North America, 2) assess the impact of the MedDiet intake on CVD incidence reduction, and 3) impute the potential savings in costs associated with healthcare and productivity following the estimated CVD reduction. To account for the uncertainty factor, a sensitivity analysis of four scenarios, including ideal, optimistic, pessimistic, and very-pessimistic assumptions, was implemented within each of these stages. Results : Significant improvements in CVD-related costs were evident with varying MedDiet adoption and CVD reduction rates. Specifically, CAD $41.9 million to 2.5 billion in Canada and US $1.0–62.8 billion in the United States were estimated to accrue as total annual savings in economic costs, given the ‘very-pessimistic’ through ‘ideal’ scenarios. Conclusions : Closer adherence to dietary behaviors that are consistent with the principles of the MedDiet is expected to contribute to a reduction in the monetary burdens of CVD in Canada, the United States, and possibly other parts of the world. Keywords: cardiovascular disease; public health; healthy eating; Nutrition Economics; cost-of-illness analysis (Published: 24 June 2015) Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2015, 59: 27541 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.27541
-
Nutrition Economics food as an ally of public health
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Irene Lenoirwijnkoop, Peter J. H. Jones, Ricardo Uauy, Leonie Segal, John A. MilnerAbstract:Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are a major and increasing contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Much of the chronic disease burden is preventable through modification of lifestyle behaviours, and increased attention is being focused on identifying and implementing effective preventative health strategies. Nutrition has been identified as a major modifiable determinant of NCD. The recent merging of health Economics and Nutritional sciences to form the nascent discipline of Nutrition Economics aims to assess the impact of diet on health and disease prevention, and to evaluate options for changing dietary choices, while incorporating an understanding of the immediate impacts and downstream consequences. In short, Nutrition Economics allows for generation of policy-relevant evidence, and as such the discipline is a crucial partner in achieving better population Nutritional status and improvements in public health and wellness. The objective of the present paper is to summarise presentations made at a satellite symposium held during the 11th European Nutrition Conference, 28 October 2011, where the role of Nutrition and its potential to reduce the public health burden through alleviating underNutrition and Nutrition deficiencies, promoting better-quality diets and incorporating a role for functional foods were discussed.
-
Nutrition Economics – food as an ally of public health
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Irene Lenoir-wijnkoop, Peter J. H. Jones, Ricardo Uauy, Leonie Segal, John A. MilnerAbstract:Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are a major and increasing contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Much of the chronic disease burden is preventable through modification of lifestyle behaviours, and increased attention is being focused on identifying and implementing effective preventative health strategies. Nutrition has been identified as a major modifiable determinant of NCD. The recent merging of health Economics and Nutritional sciences to form the nascent discipline of Nutrition Economics aims to assess the impact of diet on health and disease prevention, and to evaluate options for changing dietary choices, while incorporating an understanding of the immediate impacts and downstream consequences. In short, Nutrition Economics allows for generation of policy-relevant evidence, and as such the discipline is a crucial partner in achieving better population Nutritional status and improvements in public health and wellness. The objective of the present paper is to summarise presentations made at a satellite symposium held during the 11th European Nutrition Conference, 28 October 2011, where the role of Nutrition and its potential to reduce the public health burden through alleviating underNutrition and Nutrition deficiencies, promoting better-quality diets and incorporating a role for functional foods were discussed.
Ronit Endevelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Taxation of sugar sweetened beverages and unhealthy foods: a qualitative study of key opinion leaders’ views
Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 2018Co-Authors: Orly Tamir, Tamar Cohen-yogev, Sharon Furman-assaf, Ronit EndeveltAbstract:BackgroundFiscal policies to fight obesity such as taxation of unhealthy foods or sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have gained considerable attention in recent years. Many studies modelling the impact of various magnitudes of taxes on SSB purchasing and their potential effects on various health outcomes have been published; however, legislation and implementation of such taxes have encountered many obstacles in the countries that have implemented them to date. We investigated the perceptions and views of key opinion leaders, policy makers and various other Israeli stakeholders on taxation of SSBs and unhealthy snacks. We also evaluated the challenges and barriers that may be expected for initiating such a policy.MethodsA qualitative study based on 39 in-depth interviews with Israeli stakeholders in the fields of health, Nutrition, Economics, public advocacy and policymaking.ResultsAll stakeholders viewed obesity as a combined societal and personal issue that should be under government responsibility. Only stakeholders from economic sectors thought that taxation of SSBs and unhealthy snacks would reduce their consumption, while the prevailing notion among non-economists was that such a tax would not be acceptable because the higher price would not decrease consumption. Concerns were raised that the tax would mostly affect individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Some of the stakeholders indicated that they would support such a tax only if its revenue would be directed to specific causes such as health-promoting plans. Potential barriers to taxation include: opposition of various sectors, technical and bureaucratic obstacles impeding tax implementation, difficulties in defining which products to tax, and opposition of the treasury to earmark tax revenue for health education.ConclusionsTaxation should be a part of a multipronged strategy rather than a sole measure for fighting obesity. Dedicating tax revenues to specific predefined causes should be considered, particularly towards health promotion activities, obesity treatment and prevention, education, and subsidies of healthy food.
-
Taxation of sugar sweetened beverages and unhealthy foods: a qualitative study of key opinion leaders' views.
Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 2018Co-Authors: Orly Tamir, Tamar Cohen-yogev, Sharon Furman-assaf, Ronit EndeveltAbstract:Fiscal policies to fight obesity such as taxation of unhealthy foods or sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have gained considerable attention in recent years. Many studies modelling the impact of various magnitudes of taxes on SSB purchasing and their potential effects on various health outcomes have been published; however, legislation and implementation of such taxes have encountered many obstacles in the countries that have implemented them to date. We investigated the perceptions and views of key opinion leaders, policy makers and various other Israeli stakeholders on taxation of SSBs and unhealthy snacks. We also evaluated the challenges and barriers that may be expected for initiating such a policy. A qualitative study based on 39 in-depth interviews with Israeli stakeholders in the fields of health, Nutrition, Economics, public advocacy and policymaking. All stakeholders viewed obesity as a combined societal and personal issue that should be under government responsibility. Only stakeholders from economic sectors thought that taxation of SSBs and unhealthy snacks would reduce their consumption, while the prevailing notion among non-economists was that such a tax would not be acceptable because the higher price would not decrease consumption. Concerns were raised that the tax would mostly affect individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Some of the stakeholders indicated that they would support such a tax only if its revenue would be directed to specific causes such as health-promoting plans. Potential barriers to taxation include: opposition of various sectors, technical and bureaucratic obstacles impeding tax implementation, difficulties in defining which products to tax, and opposition of the treasury to earmark tax revenue for health education. Taxation should be a part of a multipronged strategy rather than a sole measure for fighting obesity. Dedicating tax revenues to specific predefined causes should be considered, particularly towards health promotion activities, obesity treatment and prevention, education, and subsidies of healthy food.
Irene Lenoir-wijnkoop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Medical Nutrition Terminology and Regulations in the United States and Europe—A Scoping Review: Report of the ISPOR Nutrition Economics Special Interest Group
Value in Health, 2019Co-Authors: Karen Freijer, Sheri Volger, János G Pitter, Elizabeth Molsen-david, Clarissa Cooblall, Silvia M. A. A. Evers, Mickaël Hiligsmann, Aurelie Danel, Irene Lenoir-wijnkoopAbstract:Abstract Background The term medical Nutrition (MN) refers to Nutritional products used under medical supervision to manage disease- or condition-related dietary needs. Standardized MN definitions, aligned with regulatory definitions, are needed to facilitate outcomes research and economic evaluation of interventions with MN. Objectives Ascertain how MN terms are defined, relevant regulations are applied, and to what extent MN is valued. Methods ISPOR’s Nutrition Economics Special Interest Group conducted a scoping review of scientific literature on European and US MN terminology and regulations, published between January 2000 and August 2015, and pertinent professional and regulatory Web sites. Data were extracted, reviewed, and reconciled using two-person teams in a two-step process. The literature search was updated before manuscript completion. Results Of the initial 1687 literature abstracts and 222 Web sites identified, 459 records were included in the analysis, of which 308 used MN terms and 100 provided definitions. More than 13 primary disease groups as per International Classification of Disease, Revision 10 categories were included. The most frequently mentioned and defined terms were enteral Nutrition and malNutrition. Less than 5% of the records referenced any MN regulation. The health economic impact of MN was rarely and insufficiently (n = 19 [4.1%]) assessed, although an increase in economic analyses was observed. Conclusions MN terminology is not consistently defined, relevant European and US regulations are rarely cited, and economic evaluations are infrequently conducted. We recommend adopting consensus MN terms and definitions, for example, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism consensus guideline 2017, as a foundation for developing reliable and standardized medical Nutrition economic methodologies.
-
Nutrition Economics – food as an ally of public health
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Irene Lenoir-wijnkoop, Peter J. H. Jones, Ricardo Uauy, Leonie Segal, John A. MilnerAbstract:Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are a major and increasing contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Much of the chronic disease burden is preventable through modification of lifestyle behaviours, and increased attention is being focused on identifying and implementing effective preventative health strategies. Nutrition has been identified as a major modifiable determinant of NCD. The recent merging of health Economics and Nutritional sciences to form the nascent discipline of Nutrition Economics aims to assess the impact of diet on health and disease prevention, and to evaluate options for changing dietary choices, while incorporating an understanding of the immediate impacts and downstream consequences. In short, Nutrition Economics allows for generation of policy-relevant evidence, and as such the discipline is a crucial partner in achieving better population Nutritional status and improvements in public health and wellness. The objective of the present paper is to summarise presentations made at a satellite symposium held during the 11th European Nutrition Conference, 28 October 2011, where the role of Nutrition and its potential to reduce the public health burden through alleviating underNutrition and Nutrition deficiencies, promoting better-quality diets and incorporating a role for functional foods were discussed.
-
Workshop Report: concepts and methods in the Economics of Nutrition--gateways to better economic evaluation of Nutrition interventions.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Irene Lenoir-wijnkoop, E. Van Ganse, Iñaki Gutiérrez-ibarluzea, John Hutton, Peter J. H. Jones, Marten J. Poley, Leonie Segal, Mark Nuijten, J. L. Bresson, Luis A. MorenoAbstract:Improving health through better Nutrition of the population may contribute to enhanced efficiency and sustainability of healthcare systems. A recent expert meeting investigated in detail a number of methodological aspects related to the discipline of Nutrition Economics. The role of Nutrition in health maintenance and in the prevention of non-communicable diseases is now generally recognised. However, the main scope of those seeking to contain healthcare expenditures tends to focus on the management of existing chronic diseases. Identifying additional relevant dimensions to measure and the context of use will become increasingly important in selecting and developing outcome measurements for Nutrition interventions. The translation of Nutrition-related research data into public health guidance raises the challenging issue of carrying out more pragmatic trials in many areas where these would generate the most useful evidence for health policy decision-making. Nutrition exemplifies all the types of interventions and policy which need evaluating across the health field. There is a need to start actively engaging key stakeholders in order to collect data and to widen health technology assessment approaches for achieving a policy shift from evidence-based medicine to evidence-based decision-making in the field of Nutrition.
-
Nutrition Economics: towards comprehensive understanding of the benefits of Nutrition
Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 2012Co-Authors: Aki Koponen, Seppo Salminen, Mari Sandell, Irene Lenoir-wijnkoopAbstract:There has been an increase in the knowledge and interest on Nutrition, and functional foods have gained popularity over the last few decades, and the trend is increasing. Probiotics and prebiotics are among the most studied functional foods. Nutrition Economics has been defined as the discipline dedicated to researching and characterising health and economic outcomes in Nutrition for the benefit of society. The concept and its application to probiotics and prebiotics will be discussed in terms of health and economic benefits and their evaluation. Health Economics and concrete applications showing how to maximise long-term Nutritional benefits will contribute to motivate consumers in making food choices based on a rational understanding of their own interest. We present a model that shows that Nutrition Economics can be used as an analytical tool for product and service network development.
-
Nutrition Economics: an innovative approach to informed public health management.
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Mark Nuijten, Irene Lenoir-wijnkoopAbstract:The role of Nutrition to optimize the use of scarce resources through its linkage with health and welfare should be considered of interest by healthcare decision makers. A favorable impact of food on non-communicable disorders and general health status will improve healthcare expenditure and quality of life.In health Economics, an analysis of the costs and effects of a healthcare technology by means of a cost-effectiveness analysis has become an established tool. Projections about the effectiveness and expected costs of an intervention can be modeled using realistic and explicit assumptions based on outcomes from randomized clinical studies. However, the use of health economic techniques to assess costs and effects is not solely restricted to classic healthcare products such as medicines. To illustrate this we used two published cost-effectiveness studies, which consider respectively a preventive treatment against severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children at high risk of hospitalization and the use of prebiotics for the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis.These examples illustrate that there is a parallel between the methodologies for extrapolation of intermediate outcomes to long-term outcomes between a cost-effectiveness analysis for pharmaceutical or Nutrition, as long as the clinical evidence for Nutrition fulfils the requirements for pharmaceuticals. Another requirement is that there is clinical widely accepted evidence that matches a comparable level of epidemiological observations about the link between short-term and long-term outcomes.Better understanding of how Nutritional status and behavior may interplay with the socioeconomic environment will ultimately contribute to preserving the sustainability of healthcare provisions.
Karen Freijer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Medical Nutrition Terminology and Regulations in the United States and Europe—A Scoping Review: Report of the ISPOR Nutrition Economics Special Interest Group
Value in Health, 2019Co-Authors: Karen Freijer, Sheri Volger, János G Pitter, Elizabeth Molsen-david, Clarissa Cooblall, Silvia M. A. A. Evers, Mickaël Hiligsmann, Aurelie Danel, Irene Lenoir-wijnkoopAbstract:Abstract Background The term medical Nutrition (MN) refers to Nutritional products used under medical supervision to manage disease- or condition-related dietary needs. Standardized MN definitions, aligned with regulatory definitions, are needed to facilitate outcomes research and economic evaluation of interventions with MN. Objectives Ascertain how MN terms are defined, relevant regulations are applied, and to what extent MN is valued. Methods ISPOR’s Nutrition Economics Special Interest Group conducted a scoping review of scientific literature on European and US MN terminology and regulations, published between January 2000 and August 2015, and pertinent professional and regulatory Web sites. Data were extracted, reviewed, and reconciled using two-person teams in a two-step process. The literature search was updated before manuscript completion. Results Of the initial 1687 literature abstracts and 222 Web sites identified, 459 records were included in the analysis, of which 308 used MN terms and 100 provided definitions. More than 13 primary disease groups as per International Classification of Disease, Revision 10 categories were included. The most frequently mentioned and defined terms were enteral Nutrition and malNutrition. Less than 5% of the records referenced any MN regulation. The health economic impact of MN was rarely and insufficiently (n = 19 [4.1%]) assessed, although an increase in economic analyses was observed. Conclusions MN terminology is not consistently defined, relevant European and US regulations are rarely cited, and economic evaluations are infrequently conducted. We recommend adopting consensus MN terms and definitions, for example, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism consensus guideline 2017, as a foundation for developing reliable and standardized medical Nutrition economic methodologies.
-
medical Nutrition terminology and regulations in the united states and europe a scoping review report of the ispor Nutrition Economics special interest group
Value in Health, 2019Co-Authors: Karen Freijer, Sheri Volger, János G Pitter, Clarissa Cooblall, Silvia M. A. A. Evers, Mickaël Hiligsmann, Aurelie Danel, Elizabeth Molsendavid, Irene LenoirwijnkoopAbstract:Abstract Background The term medical Nutrition (MN) refers to Nutritional products used under medical supervision to manage disease- or condition-related dietary needs. Standardized MN definitions, aligned with regulatory definitions, are needed to facilitate outcomes research and economic evaluation of interventions with MN. Objectives Ascertain how MN terms are defined, relevant regulations are applied, and to what extent MN is valued. Methods ISPOR’s Nutrition Economics Special Interest Group conducted a scoping review of scientific literature on European and US MN terminology and regulations, published between January 2000 and August 2015, and pertinent professional and regulatory Web sites. Data were extracted, reviewed, and reconciled using two-person teams in a two-step process. The literature search was updated before manuscript completion. Results Of the initial 1687 literature abstracts and 222 Web sites identified, 459 records were included in the analysis, of which 308 used MN terms and 100 provided definitions. More than 13 primary disease groups as per International Classification of Disease, Revision 10 categories were included. The most frequently mentioned and defined terms were enteral Nutrition and malNutrition. Less than 5% of the records referenced any MN regulation. The health economic impact of MN was rarely and insufficiently (n = 19 [4.1%]) assessed, although an increase in economic analyses was observed. Conclusions MN terminology is not consistently defined, relevant European and US regulations are rarely cited, and economic evaluations are infrequently conducted. We recommend adopting consensus MN terms and definitions, for example, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism consensus guideline 2017, as a foundation for developing reliable and standardized medical Nutrition economic methodologies.
