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Glenn R Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics isapp consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2020Co-Authors: Kelly S Swanson, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Karen P Scott, Robert W Hutkins, Raylene A Reimer, Kristin Verbeke, Hannah D Holscher, Meghan B Azad, Nathalie M DelzenneAbstract:In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the definition and scope of synbiotics. The panel updated the definition of a synbiotic to "a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host". The panel concluded that defining synbiotics as simply a mixture of Probiotics and prebiotics could suppress the innovation of synbiotics that are designed to function cooperatively. Requiring that each component must meet the evidence and dose requirements for Probiotics and prebiotics individually could also present an obstacle. Rather, the panel clarified that a complementary synbiotic, which has not been designed so that its component parts function cooperatively, must be composed of a probiotic plus a prebiotic, whereas a synergistic synbiotic does not need to be so. A synergistic synbiotic is a synbiotic for which the substrate is designed to be selectively utilized by the co-administered microorganisms. This Consensus Statement further explores the levels of evidence (existing and required), safety, effects upon targets and implications for stakeholders of the synbiotic concept.
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Adhesion mechanisms mediated by Probiotics and prebiotics and their potential impact on human health
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019Co-Authors: Andrea Monteagudo-mera, Glenn R Gibson, Robert A. Rastall, Dimitris Charalampopoulos, Afroditi ChatzifragkouAbstract:Adhesion ability to the host is a classical selection criterion for potential probiotic bacteria that could result in a transient colonisation that would help to promote immunomodulatory effects, as well as stimulate gut barrier and metabolic functions. In addition, probiotic bacteria have a potential protective role against enteropathogens through different mechanisms including production of antimicrobial compounds, reduction of pathogenic bacterial adhesion and competition for host cell binding sites. The competitive exclusion by probiotic bacteria has a beneficial effect not only on the gut but also in the urogenital tract and oral cavity. On the other hand, prebiotics may also act as barriers to pathogens and toxins by preventing their adhesion to epithelial receptors. In vitro studies with different intestinal cell lines have been widely used along the last decades to assess the adherence ability of probiotic bacteria and pathogen antagonism. However, extrapolation of these results to in vivo conditions still remains unclear, leading to the need of optimisation of more complex in vitro approaches that include interaction with the resident microbiota to address the current limitations. The aim of this mini review is to provide a comprehensive overview on the potential effect of the adhesive properties of Probiotics and prebiotics on the host by focusing on the most recent findings related with adhesion and immunomodulatory and antipathogenic effect on human health.
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expert consensus document the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Colin Hill, Seppo Salminen, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Daniel Merenstein, Francisco Guarner, Lorenzo Morelli, Roberto Berni Canani, Harry J Flint, Philip C CalderAbstract:Probiotics are widely regarded as live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient amounts, confer a health benefit, but guidance is needed on the most appropriate use of the term. This Consensus Statement outlines recommendations for the scope and definition of the term 'probiotic' as determined by an expert panel convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics in October 2013.
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expert consensus document the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Colin Hill, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Daniel Merenstein, Francisco Guarner, Lorenzo Morelli, Roberto Berni Canani, Harry J Flint, Bruno Pot, Seppo SalminenAbstract:An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of Probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of Probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic--"live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"--was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications. However, inconsistencies between the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report and the FAO/WHO Guidelines were clarified to take into account advances in science and applications. A more precise use of the term 'probiotic' will be useful to guide clinicians and consumers in differentiating the diverse products on the market. This document represents the conclusions of the ISAPP consensus meeting on the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.
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Probiotics and prebiotics prospects for public health and nutritional recommendations
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Mary Ellen Sanders, Seppo Salminen, Glenn R Gibson, Irene Lenoirwijnkoop, Daniel Merenstein, Bryon W Petschow, Max Nieuwdorp, Daniel J Tancredi, Christopher J Cifelli, Paul F JacquesAbstract:Probiotics and prebiotics are useful interventions for improving human health through direct or indirect effects on the colonizing microbiota. However, translation of these research findings into nutritional recommendations and public health policy endorsements has not been achieved in a manner consistent with the strength of the evidence. More progress has been made with clinical recommendations. Conclusions include that beneficial cultures, including Probiotics and live cultures in fermented foods, can contribute towards the health of the general population; prebiotics, in part due to their function as a special type of soluble fiber, can contribute to the health of the general population; and a number of challenges must be addressed in order to fully realize probiotic and prebiotic benefits, including the need for greater awareness of the accumulated evidence on Probiotics and prebiotics among policy makers, strategies to cope with regulatory roadblocks to research, and high-quality human trials that address outstanding research questions in the field.
Seppo Salminen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expert consensus document the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Colin Hill, Seppo Salminen, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Daniel Merenstein, Francisco Guarner, Lorenzo Morelli, Roberto Berni Canani, Harry J Flint, Philip C CalderAbstract:Probiotics are widely regarded as live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient amounts, confer a health benefit, but guidance is needed on the most appropriate use of the term. This Consensus Statement outlines recommendations for the scope and definition of the term 'probiotic' as determined by an expert panel convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics in October 2013.
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expert consensus document the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Colin Hill, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Daniel Merenstein, Francisco Guarner, Lorenzo Morelli, Roberto Berni Canani, Harry J Flint, Bruno Pot, Seppo SalminenAbstract:An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of Probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of Probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic--"live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"--was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications. However, inconsistencies between the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report and the FAO/WHO Guidelines were clarified to take into account advances in science and applications. A more precise use of the term 'probiotic' will be useful to guide clinicians and consumers in differentiating the diverse products on the market. This document represents the conclusions of the ISAPP consensus meeting on the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.
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prebiotic and probiotic supplementation prevents rhinovirus infections in preterm infants a randomized placebo controlled trial
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2014Co-Authors: Raakel Luoto, Marko Kalliomaki, Matti Waris, Olli Ruuskanen, Seppo Salminen, Erika IsolauriAbstract:Background Simple and safe strategies for the prevention of viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are needed. Objective We hypothesized that early prebiotic or probiotic supplementation would reduce the risk of virus-associated RTIs during the first year of life in a cohort of preterm infants. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00167700), 94 preterm infants (gestational age, ≥32 + 0 and ≤36 + 6 weeks; birth weight, >1500 g) treated at Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, were allocated to receive oral prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose mixture, 1:1), a probiotic ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53103), or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) between days 3 and 60 of life. The primary outcome was the incidence of clinically defined virus-associated RTI episodes confirmed from nasal swabs by using nucleic acid testing. Secondary outcomes were the severity and duration of RTIs. Results A significantly lower incidence of RTIs was detected in infants receiving prebiotics (rate ratio [RR], 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12-0.49; P P = .022) compared with those receiving placebo. Also, the incidence of rhinovirus-induced episodes, which comprised 80% of all RTI episodes, was found to be significantly lower in the prebiotic (RR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.66; P = .003) and probiotic (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-1.00; P = .051) groups compared with the placebo group. No differences emerged among the study groups in rhinovirus RNA load during infections, duration of rhinovirus RNA shedding, duration or severity of rhinovirus infections, or occurrence of rhinovirus RNA in asymptomatic infants. Conclusions Gut microbiota modification with specific prebiotics and Probiotics might offer a novel and cost-effective means to reduce the risk of rhinovirus infections.
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Probiotics and prebiotics prospects for public health and nutritional recommendations
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Mary Ellen Sanders, Seppo Salminen, Glenn R Gibson, Irene Lenoirwijnkoop, Daniel Merenstein, Bryon W Petschow, Max Nieuwdorp, Daniel J Tancredi, Christopher J Cifelli, Paul F JacquesAbstract:Probiotics and prebiotics are useful interventions for improving human health through direct or indirect effects on the colonizing microbiota. However, translation of these research findings into nutritional recommendations and public health policy endorsements has not been achieved in a manner consistent with the strength of the evidence. More progress has been made with clinical recommendations. Conclusions include that beneficial cultures, including Probiotics and live cultures in fermented foods, can contribute towards the health of the general population; prebiotics, in part due to their function as a special type of soluble fiber, can contribute to the health of the general population; and a number of challenges must be addressed in order to fully realize probiotic and prebiotic benefits, including the need for greater awareness of the accumulated evidence on Probiotics and prebiotics among policy makers, strategies to cope with regulatory roadblocks to research, and high-quality human trials that address outstanding research questions in the field.
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Probiotics and prebiotics health claim substantiation
Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 2012Co-Authors: Seppo Salminen, Henk Van LoverenAbstract:‘Probiotics’ and ‘prebiotics’ by definition should have health benefits. Health claims on microorganisms proposed as Probiotics and probiotic stimulating agents (prebiotics) suggest that there is a relationship between the specific food and maintaining good health or that the food can reduce the risk of a disease. The Health Claim Regulation in European Union aims at a level consumer protection. Thereby, health claim assessment focuses on defining the Probiotics and prebiotics, assessing the health relationship and evaluating studies with emphasis on controlled human intervention studies. The challenges include the focus of claims for healthy populations while most intervention studies with Probiotics and prebiotics have been conducted in patients or subjects at risk of specific diseases. Another challenge is the risk reduction claim, which requires demonstrated changes in biomarkers that are generally accepted as indicators of disease risk. Existing assessment opinions from EFSA illustrate the need for further research for Probiotics and prebiotics in the future. Keywords: claims; regulation; health benefits; Probiotics (Published: 18 June 2012) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2012, 23 : 18568 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18568
Gregor Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics isapp consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2020Co-Authors: Kelly S Swanson, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Karen P Scott, Robert W Hutkins, Raylene A Reimer, Kristin Verbeke, Hannah D Holscher, Meghan B Azad, Nathalie M DelzenneAbstract:In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the definition and scope of synbiotics. The panel updated the definition of a synbiotic to "a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host". The panel concluded that defining synbiotics as simply a mixture of Probiotics and prebiotics could suppress the innovation of synbiotics that are designed to function cooperatively. Requiring that each component must meet the evidence and dose requirements for Probiotics and prebiotics individually could also present an obstacle. Rather, the panel clarified that a complementary synbiotic, which has not been designed so that its component parts function cooperatively, must be composed of a probiotic plus a prebiotic, whereas a synergistic synbiotic does not need to be so. A synergistic synbiotic is a synbiotic for which the substrate is designed to be selectively utilized by the co-administered microorganisms. This Consensus Statement further explores the levels of evidence (existing and required), safety, effects upon targets and implications for stakeholders of the synbiotic concept.
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expert consensus document the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Colin Hill, Seppo Salminen, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Daniel Merenstein, Francisco Guarner, Lorenzo Morelli, Roberto Berni Canani, Harry J Flint, Philip C CalderAbstract:Probiotics are widely regarded as live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient amounts, confer a health benefit, but guidance is needed on the most appropriate use of the term. This Consensus Statement outlines recommendations for the scope and definition of the term 'probiotic' as determined by an expert panel convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics in October 2013.
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expert consensus document the international scientific association for Probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Colin Hill, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Daniel Merenstein, Francisco Guarner, Lorenzo Morelli, Roberto Berni Canani, Harry J Flint, Bruno Pot, Seppo SalminenAbstract:An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of Probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of Probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic--"live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"--was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications. However, inconsistencies between the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report and the FAO/WHO Guidelines were clarified to take into account advances in science and applications. A more precise use of the term 'probiotic' will be useful to guide clinicians and consumers in differentiating the diverse products on the market. This document represents the conclusions of the ISAPP consensus meeting on the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.
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modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by Probiotics prebiotics and synbiotics to enhance human health an overview of enabling science and potential applications
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Robert A. Rastall, Glenn R Gibson, Harsharnjit S Gill, Fransisco Guarner, Todd R Klaenhammer, Gregor Reid, Ian Rowland, Mary Ellen SandersAbstract:The application of Probiotics and prebiotics to the manipulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon has recently seen many scientific advances. The sequencing of probiotic genomes is providing a wealth of new information on the biology of these microorganisms. In addition, we are learning more about the interactions of Probiotics with human cells and with pathogenic bacteria. An alternative means of modulating the colonic microbial community is by the use of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Increasing knowledge of the metabolism of prebiotics by Probiotics is allowing us to consider specifically targeting such dietary intervention tools at specific population groups and specific disease states.
Arthur T Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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timely use of Probiotics in hospitalized adults prevents clostridium difficile infection a systematic review with meta regression analysis
Gastroenterology, 2017Co-Authors: Nicole T Shen, Anna M Maw, Lyubov L Tmanova, Alejandro Pino, Kayley M Ancy, Carl V Crawford, Matthew S Simon, Arthur T EvansAbstract:Background & Aims Systematic reviews have provided evidence for the efficacy of Probiotics in preventing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but guidelines do not recommend probiotic use for prevention of CDI. We performed an updated systematic review to help guide clinical practice. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics, and The Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating use of Probiotics and CDI in hospitalized adults taking antibiotics. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and overall quality of the evidence. Primary and secondary outcomes were incidence of CDI and adverse events, respectively. Secondary analyses examined the effects of probiotic species, dose, timing, formulation, duration, and study quality. Results We analyzed data from 19 published studies, comprising 6261 subjects. The incidence of CDI in the probiotic cohort, 1.6% (54 of 3277), was lower than of controls, 3.9% (115 of 2984) (P Conclusions In a systematic review with meta-regression analysis, we found evidence that administration of Probiotics closer to the first dose of antibiotic reduces the risk of CDI by >50% in hospitalized adults. Future research should focus on optimal probiotic dose, species, and formulation. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42015016395.
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timely use of Probiotics in hospitalized adults prevents clostridium difficile infection a systematic review with meta regression analysis
Gastroenterology, 2017Co-Authors: Nicole T Shen, Anna M Maw, Lyubov L Tmanova, Alejandro Pino, Kayley M Ancy, Carl V Crawford, Matthew S Simon, Arthur T EvansAbstract:Background & Aims Systematic reviews have provided evidence for the efficacy of Probiotics in preventing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but guidelines do not recommend probiotic use for prevention of CDI. We performed an updated systematic review to help guide clinical practice. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics , and The Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating use of Probiotics and CDI in hospitalized adults taking antibiotics. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and overall quality of the evidence. Primary and secondary outcomes were incidence of CDI and adverse events, respectively. Secondary analyses examined the effects of probiotic species, dose, timing, formulation, duration, and study quality. Results We analyzed data from 19 published studies, comprising 6261 subjects. The incidence of CDI in the probiotic cohort, 1.6% (54 of 3277), was lower than of controls, 3.9% (115 of 2984) ( P I 2 = 0.0%). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that Probiotics were significantly more effective if given closer to the first antibiotic dose, with a decrement in efficacy for every day of delay in starting Probiotics ( P = .04); Probiotics given within 2 days of antibiotic initiation produced a greater reduction of risk for CDI (relative risk, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.22−0.48; I 2 = 0%) than later administration (relative risk, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.40−1.23; I 2 = 0%) ( P = .02). There was no increased risk for adverse events among patients given Probiotics. The overall quality of the evidence was high. Conclusions In a systematic review with meta-regression analysis, we found evidence that administration of Probiotics closer to the first dose of antibiotic reduces the risk of CDI by >50% in hospitalized adults. Future research should focus on optimal probiotic dose, species, and formulation. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42015016395.
Matthew S Simon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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timely use of Probiotics in hospitalized adults prevents clostridium difficile infection a systematic review with meta regression analysis
Gastroenterology, 2017Co-Authors: Nicole T Shen, Anna M Maw, Lyubov L Tmanova, Alejandro Pino, Kayley M Ancy, Carl V Crawford, Matthew S Simon, Arthur T EvansAbstract:Background & Aims Systematic reviews have provided evidence for the efficacy of Probiotics in preventing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but guidelines do not recommend probiotic use for prevention of CDI. We performed an updated systematic review to help guide clinical practice. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics, and The Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating use of Probiotics and CDI in hospitalized adults taking antibiotics. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and overall quality of the evidence. Primary and secondary outcomes were incidence of CDI and adverse events, respectively. Secondary analyses examined the effects of probiotic species, dose, timing, formulation, duration, and study quality. Results We analyzed data from 19 published studies, comprising 6261 subjects. The incidence of CDI in the probiotic cohort, 1.6% (54 of 3277), was lower than of controls, 3.9% (115 of 2984) (P Conclusions In a systematic review with meta-regression analysis, we found evidence that administration of Probiotics closer to the first dose of antibiotic reduces the risk of CDI by >50% in hospitalized adults. Future research should focus on optimal probiotic dose, species, and formulation. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42015016395.
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timely use of Probiotics in hospitalized adults prevents clostridium difficile infection a systematic review with meta regression analysis
Gastroenterology, 2017Co-Authors: Nicole T Shen, Anna M Maw, Lyubov L Tmanova, Alejandro Pino, Kayley M Ancy, Carl V Crawford, Matthew S Simon, Arthur T EvansAbstract:Background & Aims Systematic reviews have provided evidence for the efficacy of Probiotics in preventing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but guidelines do not recommend probiotic use for prevention of CDI. We performed an updated systematic review to help guide clinical practice. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics , and The Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating use of Probiotics and CDI in hospitalized adults taking antibiotics. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and overall quality of the evidence. Primary and secondary outcomes were incidence of CDI and adverse events, respectively. Secondary analyses examined the effects of probiotic species, dose, timing, formulation, duration, and study quality. Results We analyzed data from 19 published studies, comprising 6261 subjects. The incidence of CDI in the probiotic cohort, 1.6% (54 of 3277), was lower than of controls, 3.9% (115 of 2984) ( P I 2 = 0.0%). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that Probiotics were significantly more effective if given closer to the first antibiotic dose, with a decrement in efficacy for every day of delay in starting Probiotics ( P = .04); Probiotics given within 2 days of antibiotic initiation produced a greater reduction of risk for CDI (relative risk, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.22−0.48; I 2 = 0%) than later administration (relative risk, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.40−1.23; I 2 = 0%) ( P = .02). There was no increased risk for adverse events among patients given Probiotics. The overall quality of the evidence was high. Conclusions In a systematic review with meta-regression analysis, we found evidence that administration of Probiotics closer to the first dose of antibiotic reduces the risk of CDI by >50% in hospitalized adults. Future research should focus on optimal probiotic dose, species, and formulation. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42015016395.
