The Experts below are selected from a list of 222 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Najwa Abdul Hamid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritive Value and Sensory Evaluation of Airline Breakfast
Journal of Food Research, 2012Co-Authors: Vedavalli Sachithananthan, Emberika Khalifa, Mohammed Buzgeia, Najwa Abdul HamidAbstract:<p>Purpose/Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the Nutritive Value of Libyan airline breakfast in comparison with the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and to conduct sensory evaluation of selected items on board the flights.</p> <p>Design/Methodology: Food samples were collected from the catering department of Benina International airport, Benghazi, Libya for a period of two months and Nutritive Value was calculated. A self administered questionnaire prepared on the basis of the Hedonic scale was used for inflight sensory evaluation of selected snacks.</p> <p>Findings: The results on Nutritive Value of snacks revealed higher amounts of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sodium in comparison to the RDA when the full day’s meal was considered. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, E, C and folic acid fell short of RDA. Sensory evaluation revealed that a majority of the travelers disliked most of the breakfast items except juice.</p> <p>Practical implications: The airline needs to improve the micronutrient content of snacks, simultaneously reducing the total energy and sodium content and replacing saturated fat to prevent health risks to regular airline passengers. Also palatability need not be compromised in light of safety of food items served.</p>
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Nutritive Value and sensory evaluation of airline snacks
African Journal of Food Science, 2010Co-Authors: Vedavalli Sachithananthan, Emberika Khalifa, Mohammed Buzgeia, Najwa Abdul HamidAbstract:This study was conducted to assess the Nutritive Value of Libyan Airline Snacks in comparison with (Recommended Dietary Allowances) RDA and to conduct sensory evaluation of selected snacks on board the flights. Food samples collected from the catering department of Benina International Airport, Benghazi, Libya for a period of two months. For sensory evaluation of selected snacks, a self administered questionnaire prepared on the basis of the Hedonic scale was distributed by the cabin crew to the passengers traveling on flights from Benghazi to Cairo. Hundred passengers participated in the study. The results on Nutritive Value of snacks revealed higher amounts of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sodium in comparison with the RDA in most of the snacks. Whereas, the micronutrient content with respect to vitamins, viz., A, E, B vitamins, iron and calcium did not meet the RDA with respect to most of the snacks. Sensory evaluation of snack items revealed that a majority of the travelers disliked slightly or moderately most of the food items except croissant chocolate served as snack. Hence the Airline needs to seriously look into this issue and improve the micronutrient content of snacks, simultaneously reducing the total energy and sodium content, and replacing saturated fat present in the snacks in the best interests of preventing health risks to regular airline passengers. Also the choice of menus and palatability of dishes served in flights needs immediate review. Key words: Airline meal, Nutritive Value, RDA comparison, sensory characteristics, traveler evaluation.
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Nutritive Value of Libyan airline meals
Nutrition & Food Science, 2006Co-Authors: Vedavalli Sachithananthan, Emberika Khalifa, Mohammed Buzgeia, Najwa Abdul HamidAbstract:– This paper aims to assess the Nutritive Value of Libyan airline meals in comparison with RDA., – The study was carried out using food samples collected from the catering department of Benina International Airport, Benghazi, Libya, for a period of two months. Different types of meals served for breakfast, lunch (beef meal, chicken meal and lamb meal) and snacks were collected in triplicate from the catering department of the airport prior to being loaded onto the aircraft. These samples were taken immediately to the university laboratory and weighed after removing the bones and separating the different dishes from the pre‐plated meal box. Rice, different vegetables and meat were weighed separately using a digital balance. Measuring cups were used to measure liquids. Chefs were consulted regarding the amount of different ingredients that went into the preparation of the different recipes to enable Nutritive Value computation using food composition tables. Finally the nutrient content of each meal and snack were compared with the RDA., – The results on the Nutritive Value of the dishes served for breakfast, lunch and snacks revealed higher amounts of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sodium in comparison with the RDA in most of the meals, whereas the micronutrient content with respect to vitamins A, E and C, most B vitamins, and iron and calcium did not meet the RDA in respect of most of the meals., – The airline needs to look seriously into this issue and improve the micronutrient content of its meals, simultaneously reducing the total energy and sodium content and replacing the saturated fat present in the meals in the best interests of preventing health risks to frequent airline passengers., – The paper assesses the nutritional Value of one airline's meals.
Jennifer Kujawski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritive Value of Virginia wildrye, a cool-season grass native to the Northeast USA
Crop Science, 2004Co-Authors: Matt A Sanderson, R. Howard Skinner, Martin Van Der Grinten, Jennifer KujawskiAbstract:Interest in native plant species for conservation and production has increased because of new federal policies. We evaluated accessions of the native cool-season grass Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.) from the northeastern USA for Nutritive Value and its association with plant morphological traits. Thirteen accessions, one cultivar (Omaha), and one commercial ecotype of Elymus were transplanted into single-row field plots in late summer of 2000 at Beltsville, MD, Rock Springs, PA, and Big Flats, NY. Two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars were included. Primary growth was harvested in April (Beltsville) or May (Rock Springs and Big Flats) of 2001 and 2002 and analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and digestible NDF (dNDF). Nutritive Value measures were related to plant morphological attributes [leaf width, length, area, and leaf-to-stem mass ratio (LSR)]. Virginia wildrye accessions differed (P < 0.01) in Nutritive Value and often had lower NDF and higher CP and dNDF than the commercial ecotype, Omaha cultivar, and orchardgrass. The LSR accounted for most of the variation in Nutritive Value. Orchardgrass was more mature at harvest than Elymus entries and thus lower in Nutritive Value. Neutral detergent fiber was negatively correlated with LSR (r = -0.26 to -0.74, P < 0.05), whereas CP and dNDF were positively correlated (r = 0.36 to 0.80 for CP and 0.44 to 0.74 for dNDF, P < 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber was also positively correlated (r = 0.27 to 0.86, P < 0.05) with leaf length. Virginia wildrye is comparable to other cool-season grasses in Nutritive Value.
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Nutritive Value of Virginia Wildrye, a Cool‐Season Grass Native to the Northeast USA
Crop Science, 2004Co-Authors: Matt A Sanderson, R. Howard Skinner, Martin Van Der Grinten, Jennifer KujawskiAbstract:Interest in native plant species for conservation and production has increased because of new federal policies. We evaluated accessions of the native cool-season grass Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.) from the northeastern USA for Nutritive Value and its association with plant morphological traits. Thirteen accessions, one cultivar (Omaha), and one commercial ecotype of Elymus were transplanted into single-row field plots in late summer of 2000 at Beltsville, MD, Rock Springs, PA, and Big Flats, NY. Two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars were included. Primary growth was harvested in April (Beltsville) or May (Rock Springs and Big Flats) of 2001 and 2002 and analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and digestible NDF (dNDF). Nutritive Value measures were related to plant morphological attributes [leaf width, length, area, and leaf-to-stem mass ratio (LSR)]. Virginia wildrye accessions differed (P < 0.01) in Nutritive Value and often had lower NDF and higher CP and dNDF than the commercial ecotype, Omaha cultivar, and orchardgrass. The LSR accounted for most of the variation in Nutritive Value. Orchardgrass was more mature at harvest than Elymus entries and thus lower in Nutritive Value. Neutral detergent fiber was negatively correlated with LSR (r = -0.26 to -0.74, P < 0.05), whereas CP and dNDF were positively correlated (r = 0.36 to 0.80 for CP and 0.44 to 0.74 for dNDF, P < 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber was also positively correlated (r = 0.27 to 0.86, P < 0.05) with leaf length. Virginia wildrye is comparable to other cool-season grasses in Nutritive Value.
Vedavalli Sachithananthan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritive Value and Sensory Evaluation of Airline Breakfast
Journal of Food Research, 2012Co-Authors: Vedavalli Sachithananthan, Emberika Khalifa, Mohammed Buzgeia, Najwa Abdul HamidAbstract:<p>Purpose/Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the Nutritive Value of Libyan airline breakfast in comparison with the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and to conduct sensory evaluation of selected items on board the flights.</p> <p>Design/Methodology: Food samples were collected from the catering department of Benina International airport, Benghazi, Libya for a period of two months and Nutritive Value was calculated. A self administered questionnaire prepared on the basis of the Hedonic scale was used for inflight sensory evaluation of selected snacks.</p> <p>Findings: The results on Nutritive Value of snacks revealed higher amounts of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sodium in comparison to the RDA when the full day’s meal was considered. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, E, C and folic acid fell short of RDA. Sensory evaluation revealed that a majority of the travelers disliked most of the breakfast items except juice.</p> <p>Practical implications: The airline needs to improve the micronutrient content of snacks, simultaneously reducing the total energy and sodium content and replacing saturated fat to prevent health risks to regular airline passengers. Also palatability need not be compromised in light of safety of food items served.</p>
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Nutritive Value and sensory evaluation of airline snacks
African Journal of Food Science, 2010Co-Authors: Vedavalli Sachithananthan, Emberika Khalifa, Mohammed Buzgeia, Najwa Abdul HamidAbstract:This study was conducted to assess the Nutritive Value of Libyan Airline Snacks in comparison with (Recommended Dietary Allowances) RDA and to conduct sensory evaluation of selected snacks on board the flights. Food samples collected from the catering department of Benina International Airport, Benghazi, Libya for a period of two months. For sensory evaluation of selected snacks, a self administered questionnaire prepared on the basis of the Hedonic scale was distributed by the cabin crew to the passengers traveling on flights from Benghazi to Cairo. Hundred passengers participated in the study. The results on Nutritive Value of snacks revealed higher amounts of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sodium in comparison with the RDA in most of the snacks. Whereas, the micronutrient content with respect to vitamins, viz., A, E, B vitamins, iron and calcium did not meet the RDA with respect to most of the snacks. Sensory evaluation of snack items revealed that a majority of the travelers disliked slightly or moderately most of the food items except croissant chocolate served as snack. Hence the Airline needs to seriously look into this issue and improve the micronutrient content of snacks, simultaneously reducing the total energy and sodium content, and replacing saturated fat present in the snacks in the best interests of preventing health risks to regular airline passengers. Also the choice of menus and palatability of dishes served in flights needs immediate review. Key words: Airline meal, Nutritive Value, RDA comparison, sensory characteristics, traveler evaluation.
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Nutritive Value of Libyan airline meals
Nutrition & Food Science, 2006Co-Authors: Vedavalli Sachithananthan, Emberika Khalifa, Mohammed Buzgeia, Najwa Abdul HamidAbstract:– This paper aims to assess the Nutritive Value of Libyan airline meals in comparison with RDA., – The study was carried out using food samples collected from the catering department of Benina International Airport, Benghazi, Libya, for a period of two months. Different types of meals served for breakfast, lunch (beef meal, chicken meal and lamb meal) and snacks were collected in triplicate from the catering department of the airport prior to being loaded onto the aircraft. These samples were taken immediately to the university laboratory and weighed after removing the bones and separating the different dishes from the pre‐plated meal box. Rice, different vegetables and meat were weighed separately using a digital balance. Measuring cups were used to measure liquids. Chefs were consulted regarding the amount of different ingredients that went into the preparation of the different recipes to enable Nutritive Value computation using food composition tables. Finally the nutrient content of each meal and snack were compared with the RDA., – The results on the Nutritive Value of the dishes served for breakfast, lunch and snacks revealed higher amounts of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sodium in comparison with the RDA in most of the meals, whereas the micronutrient content with respect to vitamins A, E and C, most B vitamins, and iron and calcium did not meet the RDA in respect of most of the meals., – The airline needs to look seriously into this issue and improve the micronutrient content of its meals, simultaneously reducing the total energy and sodium content and replacing the saturated fat present in the meals in the best interests of preventing health risks to frequent airline passengers., – The paper assesses the nutritional Value of one airline's meals.
Gilles Belanger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Herbage Nutritive Value in less-favoured areas of cool regions
2013Co-Authors: Gilles Belanger, Perttu Virkajärvi, Michel Duru, Gaëtan Tremblay, Kirsi SaarijärviAbstract:Herbage production is often the only possible agricultural activity in less-favoured areas of cooler regions, including mountainous areas. Growing conditions in those areas are characterized by low temperatures, short growing seasons, harsh winters, and challenging soil conditions. We will address challenges and opportunities for herbage Nutritive Value in lessfavoured areas mostly limited by temperature either because of latitude (Canada, Scan dina via) or altitude (mountainous regions of Europe). The limited choice of species for sown swards, the rapid plant development under long days at high latitude, the autumn harvest and grazing management in areas with severe winters, and the management of species-rich permanent pastures in mountainous areas to optimize yield and Nutritive Value represent sorne of the significant challenges for producing herbage of high Nutritive Value in less-favoured areas. On the other hand, opportunities include improved digestibility under low temperatures at high latitudes and altitudes, and better functional properties (e.g. fatty acid concentration) of sorne of the species grown in less-favoured areas. The projected climate change for less-favoured areas of cool regions will offer both opportunities (e.g. new herbage species with greater digestibility and an additional harvest due to a longer growing season) and challenges (e.g. decreased digestibility of existing species).
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Simulating the Nutritive Value of Timothy Summer Regrowth
Agronomy Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Qi Jing, Gilles Belanger, Vern S. Baron, Helge Bonesmo, Perttu VirkajärviAbstract:The process-based grass model, CATIMO, simulates the spring growth and Nutritive Value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), a forage species widely grown in Scandinavia and Canada, but the Nutritive Value of the summer regrowth has never been simulated. Our objective was to improve CATIMO for simulating the N concentration, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro digestibility of NDF (dNDF), and in vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTD) of summer regrowth. Daily changes in summer regrowth Nutritive Value were simulated by modifying key crop parameters that differed from spring growth. More specifically, the partitioning fraction to leaf blades was increased to increase the leaf-to-weight ratio, and daily changes in NDF and dNDF of leaf blades and stems were reduced. The modified CATIMO model was evaluated with data from four independent experiments in eastern and western Canada and Finland. The model performed better for eastern Canada than for the other locations, but the Nutritive Value attributes of the summer regrowth across locations (range of normalized RMSE = 8–25%, slope 0.61). These modeling results highlight knowledge gaps in timothy summer regrowth and prospective research directions: improved knowledge of factors controlling the Nutritive Value of the timothy summer regrowth and experimental measurements of leaf-to-weight ratio and of the Nutritive Value of leaves and stems.
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Timothy Yield and Nutritive Value by the CATIMO Model
Agronomy Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Helge Bonesmo, Gilles BelangerAbstract:Mechanistic simulation models can assist in developing recommendations to optimize yield and Nutritive Value and in understanding the complex interaction among plant growth, Nutritive Value, and environmental conditions. In this paper, we present the growth and N concentration modules of an integrated model [CATIMO (Canadian Timothy Model)] of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) primary growth and Nutritive Value. This growth model features radiation interception and use efficiency, leaf and stem growth, leaf senescence, and a N function based on the critical N concentration of whole plants. Model parameters were calibrated to key model attributes: leaf area index (LAI); forage N concentration; and leaf, stem, and forage dry matter (DM) yields. Calibration measurements were taken weekly on timothy primary growth in four different years at one location (Fredericton, NB, Canada). Overall, the model satisfactorily fitted the measured Values with root mean square errors of 32.8, 42.0, and 65.9 g m -2 leaf, stem, and forage DM yield, respectively. The model tended to underestimate stem DM yield at the end of the primary growth cycle, overestimate forage N concentration under nonlimiting N conditions, and underestimate N concentration under limiting N conditions. The model satisfactorily fitted LAI in 3 of 4 yr. Summary statistics of the calibration indicate a successful description of growth and development of the essential plant components required for modeling digestibility.
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Improving the Nutritive Value of timothy through management and breeding
Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2001Co-Authors: Gilles Belanger, Real Michaud, Paul G Jefferson, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, Annie BregardAbstract:Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is a widely grown fo rage grass species in cool and humid regions of the world including northeastern and northwestern North America, Nordic countries, Russia, and Japan. The Nutritive Value of timothy decreases with time, phenological development, and increasing forage yield. This review paper summarizes methods of controlling or improving the Nutritive Value of timothy through management practices and genetic selection, while keeping in mind the importance of forage yield. Consequently, the Nutritive Value of timothy is considered in relation to the accumulation of forage yield. The ecophysiological basis for the decrease in Nutritive Value with increasing forage yield during a growth cycle is presented with the assumption that the forage is made of two components: metabolic and structural. The decrease in the proportion of the metabolic component with increasing forage yield reduces the Nutritive Value of timothy. The Nutritive Value is also affected by the N concentration ...
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Analysis of the Nutritive Value of timothy grown with varying N nutrition
Grass and Forage Science, 1998Co-Authors: Gilles Belanger, R. E. McqueenAbstract:Nitrogen fertilization affect growth and yield of timothy (Phleum Pratense L.), but there are conflicting report on its effect on Nutritive Value. Two experiments were conducted to describe changes in Nutritive Value of field-grown timothy fertilized with four rates of N fertilizer during spring and summer growth cycles, and to analyse relationships between parameters of Nutritive Value and the leaf to weight ratio (LWR). Early in the regrowth cycles when the harvestabe shoot biomass was approximately 200 g dry matter (DM) m−2 and under non-limiting N and water conditions, the in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of DM was greater in spring than in summer because the concentration of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) was lower and its in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD) was greater. However, the rates of decline in IVTD and IVCWD and the rate of increase in NDF were greater in spring than in summer. Nitrogen deficiency decresed IVTD and IVCWD, and increased NDF concentration early in the regrowth cycles. Nitrogen deficiency, however, reduced the rate of change in the three parameters of Nutritive Value. By the end of growth cycles, IVTD was 59 and 42 g kg−1 DM greater when no N was applied than with non-limiting N conditions in spring and summer respectively. When no N was applied, the IVCWD was 76 and 52 g kg−1 NDF greater, whereas the NDF concentration was 35 and 42 g kg−1 DM less than under non-limiting N conditions in spring and summer respectively. The N deficiency increased the proportion of leaves in the biomass, which can explain for the most part the positve effect of the N deficiency on the Nutritive Value of timothy. This positive effect of the N deficiency on Nutritive Value though the proportion of leaves in the biomass, however, was reduced by the negative effect of N deficiency on the Nutritive Value of leaves or stems or both.
Matt A Sanderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritive Value of Virginia wildrye, a cool-season grass native to the Northeast USA
Crop Science, 2004Co-Authors: Matt A Sanderson, R. Howard Skinner, Martin Van Der Grinten, Jennifer KujawskiAbstract:Interest in native plant species for conservation and production has increased because of new federal policies. We evaluated accessions of the native cool-season grass Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.) from the northeastern USA for Nutritive Value and its association with plant morphological traits. Thirteen accessions, one cultivar (Omaha), and one commercial ecotype of Elymus were transplanted into single-row field plots in late summer of 2000 at Beltsville, MD, Rock Springs, PA, and Big Flats, NY. Two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars were included. Primary growth was harvested in April (Beltsville) or May (Rock Springs and Big Flats) of 2001 and 2002 and analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and digestible NDF (dNDF). Nutritive Value measures were related to plant morphological attributes [leaf width, length, area, and leaf-to-stem mass ratio (LSR)]. Virginia wildrye accessions differed (P < 0.01) in Nutritive Value and often had lower NDF and higher CP and dNDF than the commercial ecotype, Omaha cultivar, and orchardgrass. The LSR accounted for most of the variation in Nutritive Value. Orchardgrass was more mature at harvest than Elymus entries and thus lower in Nutritive Value. Neutral detergent fiber was negatively correlated with LSR (r = -0.26 to -0.74, P < 0.05), whereas CP and dNDF were positively correlated (r = 0.36 to 0.80 for CP and 0.44 to 0.74 for dNDF, P < 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber was also positively correlated (r = 0.27 to 0.86, P < 0.05) with leaf length. Virginia wildrye is comparable to other cool-season grasses in Nutritive Value.
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Nutritive Value of Virginia Wildrye, a Cool‐Season Grass Native to the Northeast USA
Crop Science, 2004Co-Authors: Matt A Sanderson, R. Howard Skinner, Martin Van Der Grinten, Jennifer KujawskiAbstract:Interest in native plant species for conservation and production has increased because of new federal policies. We evaluated accessions of the native cool-season grass Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.) from the northeastern USA for Nutritive Value and its association with plant morphological traits. Thirteen accessions, one cultivar (Omaha), and one commercial ecotype of Elymus were transplanted into single-row field plots in late summer of 2000 at Beltsville, MD, Rock Springs, PA, and Big Flats, NY. Two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars were included. Primary growth was harvested in April (Beltsville) or May (Rock Springs and Big Flats) of 2001 and 2002 and analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and digestible NDF (dNDF). Nutritive Value measures were related to plant morphological attributes [leaf width, length, area, and leaf-to-stem mass ratio (LSR)]. Virginia wildrye accessions differed (P < 0.01) in Nutritive Value and often had lower NDF and higher CP and dNDF than the commercial ecotype, Omaha cultivar, and orchardgrass. The LSR accounted for most of the variation in Nutritive Value. Orchardgrass was more mature at harvest than Elymus entries and thus lower in Nutritive Value. Neutral detergent fiber was negatively correlated with LSR (r = -0.26 to -0.74, P < 0.05), whereas CP and dNDF were positively correlated (r = 0.36 to 0.80 for CP and 0.44 to 0.74 for dNDF, P < 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber was also positively correlated (r = 0.27 to 0.86, P < 0.05) with leaf length. Virginia wildrye is comparable to other cool-season grasses in Nutritive Value.
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Nutritive Value of Chicory and English Plantain Forage
Crop Science, 2003Co-Authors: Matt A Sanderson, Maria Labreveux, Marvin H. Hall, Gerald F. ElwingerAbstract:Forage production in midsummer is a challenge for graziers in the northeastern USA. Domesticated cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) are available in the USA as perennial herbs for pastures. These species have been touted as having good summer production and relatively high Nutritive Value. We conducted two field-plot experiments at Rock Springs, PA, during 1997 to 2001 to evaluate the Nutritive Value of chicory and plantain under clipping 'Grasslands Puna', 'Lacerta', and 'Forage Feast' chicory and 'Ceres Tonic' and 'Grasslands Lancelot' grazing plantain were sown in field plots in May 1997 and 1999 and harvested multiple times in 1998 (Exp. 1) and 2000 (Exp. 2). Herbage from three harvests in 1998 and two harvests in 2000 was analyzed for in vitro true digestibility (IVTD); neutral detergent fiber (NDF); and the minerals P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, B, and Zn. Averaged for cultivars, chicory had 11% higher (P < 0.05) IVTD and 6 to 20% lower (P < 0.05) NDF than plantain. Concentrations of all minerals, except for Ca, were 17 to 48% higher (P < 0.05) in chicory than in plantain. There were few meaningful differences in Nutritive Value among cultivars within chicory or plantain. Chicory and plantain are of relatively high Nutritive Value and could enhance the nutritional profile of mixed species pastures. The Nutritive Value benefits, however, must be balanced against the lack of persistence of chicory and plantain.
