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Carlos M. Grilo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The prevalence and structure of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder in Hispanic psychiatric outpatients
Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Emily B Ansell, Anthony Pinto, Daniel F. Becker, Ross D. Crosby, Luis M. Añez, Manuel Paris, Carlos M. GriloAbstract:This study sought to confirm a multi-factor model of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD) in a Hispanic outpatient sample and to explore associations of the OCPD factors with aggression, depression, and suicidal thoughts. One hundred and thirty monolingual, Spanish-speaking participants were recruited from a community mental health center and were assessed by bilingual doctoral-level clinicians. OCPD was highly prevalent (26%) in this sample. Multi-factor models of OCPD were tested and the two factors - perfectionism and interpersonal rigidity - provided the best model fit. Interpersonal rigidity was associated with aggression and anger while perfectionism was associated with depression and suicidal thoughts.
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Psychiatric, behavioral, and attitudinal correlates of avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality pathology in patients with binge-eating disorder
Comprehensive psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Daniel F. Becker, Robin M. Masheb, Marney A. White, Carlos M. GriloAbstract:Abstract Objective We examined correlates of avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality pathology—with respect to psychiatric comorbidity, eating disorder psychopathology, and associated psychologic factors—in patients with binge-eating disorder (BED). Method Three hundred forty-seven treatment-seeking patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), research criteria for BED were reliably assessed with semistructured interviews to evaluate DSM-IV Axis I disorders, Personality disorders, and behavioral and attitudinal features of eating disorder psychopathology. Results Fifteen percent of subjects had avoidant Personality disorder features, 12% had Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder features, 8% had features of both disorders, and 66% had features of neither. These groups differed significantly in the frequencies of depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as on measures of psychologic functioning (negative/depressive affect and self-esteem) and eating disorder attitudes (shape and weight concerns). There were no group differences on measures of eating behaviors. The avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive groups had more psychiatric comorbidity than the group without these Personality features but less than the combined group. The group without these features scored significantly lower than all other groups on negative/depressive affect and significantly higher than the avoidant and combined groups on self-esteem. The combined group had the greatest severity on shape and weight concerns. Conclusions Avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality features are common in patients with BED. Among BED patients, these forms of Personality psychopathology—separately and in combination—are associated with clinically meaningful diagnostic, psychologic, and attitudinal differences. These findings have implications for the psychopathologic relationship between BED and Personality psychopathology and may also have implications for assessment and treatment.
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Hierarchical relationships between borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher J. Hopwood, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: Comorbidity among Personality disorders is widely considered problematic. The validity of one proposed solution, diagnostic hierarchies, was investigated in the current study with respect to borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorders. Method: One approach used discriminant functions, derived from multiple psycho-social domains, that were used to classify comorbid individuals from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder study (CLPS) to explore the possibility of hierarchical precedence of one Personality disorder over another. A second approach examined the incremental increase in R2-value in predicting functioning and Personality provided by each diagnosis over each other diagnosis. Results: Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder was consistently subordinate to other diagnoses, whereas other indications of hierarchical relationships were domain-specific. Conclusion: Results indicate minimal support for an over-arching hierarchical pattern among studied Personality disorders, and suggest the inclusion of all relevant diagnoses in clinical practice.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality disorder, and ...
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
Leslie C. Morey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hierarchical relationships between borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher J. Hopwood, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: Comorbidity among Personality disorders is widely considered problematic. The validity of one proposed solution, diagnostic hierarchies, was investigated in the current study with respect to borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorders. Method: One approach used discriminant functions, derived from multiple psycho-social domains, that were used to classify comorbid individuals from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder study (CLPS) to explore the possibility of hierarchical precedence of one Personality disorder over another. A second approach examined the incremental increase in R2-value in predicting functioning and Personality provided by each diagnosis over each other diagnosis. Results: Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder was consistently subordinate to other diagnoses, whereas other indications of hierarchical relationships were domain-specific. Conclusion: Results indicate minimal support for an over-arching hierarchical pattern among studied Personality disorders, and suggest the inclusion of all relevant diagnoses in clinical practice.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality disorder, and ...
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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Longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of DSM‐IV criteria for Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder: a 2‐year prospective study
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM‐IV borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive‐Compulsive Personality disorders: findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: Charles A. Sanislow, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: To test the diagnostic constructs implied by DSM-IV Axis-II Personality disorders by examining relationships between different combinations of DSM-IV criteria. Method: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder constructs in a large treatment-seeking sample (N=668) from a multisite study. A model based on the three DSM-IV Axis II clusters was also tested. Both models were tested against a unitary ‘generic’ model constructed from four criteria sets combined. Results: Goodness-of-fit for both the three-cluster and four disorder models was significantly better than the unidimensional model, and the four-disorder model was significantly better than the three-cluster model. Results were replicated using data from 2-year follow-up obtained by interviewers blind to original Axis II diagnoses at baseline. Conclusion: Support is provided for the DSM-IV disorder-level classification for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders in a treatment-seeking sample.
Anthony Pinto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Psychometric Examination of the Pathological Obsessive Compulsive Personality Scale (POPS): Initial Study in an Undergraduate Sample.
Journal of personality assessment, 2018Co-Authors: Shalane K Sadri, Anthony Pinto, Peter M. Mcevoy, Rebecca A. Anderson, Sarah J. EganAbstract:Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD) has been subject to numerous definition and classification changes, which has contributed to difficulties in reliable measurement of the disorder. Consequently, OCPD measures have yielded poor validity and inconsistent prevalence estimates. Reliable and valid measures of OCPD are needed. The aim of the current study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Pathological Obsessive Compulsive Personality Scale (POPS). Participants (N = 571 undergraduates) completed a series of self-report measures online, including the POPS. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit of unidimensional, five factor, and bifactor models of the POPS. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed in relation to other Personality dimensions. A bifactor model provided the best fit to the data, indicating that the total POPS scale and four subscales can be scored to obtain reliable indicators of OCPD. The POPS was most strongly associated with a disorder-specific measure of OCPD, however there were also positive associations with theoretically disparate constructs, thus further research is needed to clarify validity of the scale.
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the role of experiential avoidance in Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorder traits
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2017Co-Authors: Michael G. Wheaton, Anthony PintoAbstract:Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD) is one of the most prevalent Personality disorders, yet it remains an understudied phenomenon. Experiential avoidance (EA) has been investigated as a factor relevant in many forms of psychopathology, including borderline Personality disorder. To date
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Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder#R##N#Subtypes and Spectrum Conditions, 2017Co-Authors: Michael G. Wheaton, Anthony PintoAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the phenomenology of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD), the disorder's controversial relationship with OCD, and the appropriateness of its inclusion in OCDs. The clinical diagnosis of OCPD is a chronic maladaptive pattern of excessive perfectionism, preoccupation with orderliness and detail, and need for control over one's environment that leads to significant distress or impairment, particularly in areas of interpersonal functioning. Individuals with this disorder are often characterized as rigid and overly controlling. They may find it difficult to relax, feel obligated to plan out their activities to the minute, and find unstructured time intolerable. Even though it is one of the most frequently diagnosed Personality disorders across community and clinical samples, OCPD has received little empirical attention. There have been many theories regarding the etiology of OCPD, including biological and psychological models, but limited empirical data are available to support them. There are no empirically based treatments for OCPD. Clearly more systematic research are needed to further investigate treatment options for OCPD.
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Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology - Obsessive‐Compulsive Personality Disorder
The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, 2017Co-Authors: Michael G. Wheaton, Anthony PintoAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the phenomenology of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD), the disorder's controversial relationship with OCD, and the appropriateness of its inclusion in OCDs. The clinical diagnosis of OCPD is a chronic maladaptive pattern of excessive perfectionism, preoccupation with orderliness and detail, and need for control over one's environment that leads to significant distress or impairment, particularly in areas of interpersonal functioning. Individuals with this disorder are often characterized as rigid and overly controlling. They may find it difficult to relax, feel obligated to plan out their activities to the minute, and find unstructured time intolerable. Even though it is one of the most frequently diagnosed Personality disorders across community and clinical samples, OCPD has received little empirical attention. There have been many theories regarding the etiology of OCPD, including biological and psychological models, but limited empirical data are available to support them. There are no empirically based treatments for OCPD. Clearly more systematic research are needed to further investigate treatment options for OCPD.
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The role of experiential avoidance in Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder traits.
Personality disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Michael G. Wheaton, Anthony PintoAbstract:Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD) is one of the most prevalent Personality disorders, yet it remains an understudied phenomenon. Experiential avoidance (EA) has been investigated as a factor relevant in many forms of psychopathology, including borderline Personality disorder. To date
Andrew E. Skodol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hierarchical relationships between borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher J. Hopwood, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: Comorbidity among Personality disorders is widely considered problematic. The validity of one proposed solution, diagnostic hierarchies, was investigated in the current study with respect to borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorders. Method: One approach used discriminant functions, derived from multiple psycho-social domains, that were used to classify comorbid individuals from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder study (CLPS) to explore the possibility of hierarchical precedence of one Personality disorder over another. A second approach examined the incremental increase in R2-value in predicting functioning and Personality provided by each diagnosis over each other diagnosis. Results: Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder was consistently subordinate to other diagnoses, whereas other indications of hierarchical relationships were domain-specific. Conclusion: Results indicate minimal support for an over-arching hierarchical pattern among studied Personality disorders, and suggest the inclusion of all relevant diagnoses in clinical practice.
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Comparison of Attachment Styles in Borderline Personality Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
The Psychiatric quarterly, 2006Co-Authors: Cindy J. Aaronson, Donna S Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. GundersonAbstract:The intense, unstable interpersonal relationships characteristic of patients with borderline Personality disorder (BPD) are thought to represent insecure attachment. The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire was used to compare the attachment styles of patients with BPD to the styles of patients with a contrasting Personality disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD). The results showed that patients with BPD were more likely to exhibit angry withdrawal and Compulsive care-seeking attachment patterns. Patients with BPD also scored higher on the dimensions of lack of availability of the attachment figure, feared loss of the attachment figure, lack of use of the attachment figure, and separation protest. The findings may be relevant for understanding the core interpersonal psychopathology of BPD and for managing therapeutic relationships with these patients.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality disorder, and ...
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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Longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of DSM‐IV criteria for Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder: a 2‐year prospective study
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
Thomas H. Mcglashan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hierarchical relationships between borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher J. Hopwood, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: Comorbidity among Personality disorders is widely considered problematic. The validity of one proposed solution, diagnostic hierarchies, was investigated in the current study with respect to borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorders. Method: One approach used discriminant functions, derived from multiple psycho-social domains, that were used to classify comorbid individuals from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder study (CLPS) to explore the possibility of hierarchical precedence of one Personality disorder over another. A second approach examined the incremental increase in R2-value in predicting functioning and Personality provided by each diagnosis over each other diagnosis. Results: Obsessive–Compulsive Personality disorder was consistently subordinate to other diagnoses, whereas other indications of hierarchical relationships were domain-specific. Conclusion: Results indicate minimal support for an over-arching hierarchical pattern among studied Personality disorders, and suggest the inclusion of all relevant diagnoses in clinical practice.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality disorder, and ...
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Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM‐IV borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive‐Compulsive Personality disorders: findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: Charles A. Sanislow, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: To test the diagnostic constructs implied by DSM-IV Axis-II Personality disorders by examining relationships between different combinations of DSM-IV criteria. Method: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder constructs in a large treatment-seeking sample (N=668) from a multisite study. A model based on the three DSM-IV Axis II clusters was also tested. Both models were tested against a unitary ‘generic’ model constructed from four criteria sets combined. Results: Goodness-of-fit for both the three-cluster and four disorder models was significantly better than the unidimensional model, and the four-disorder model was significantly better than the three-cluster model. Results were replicated using data from 2-year follow-up obtained by interviewers blind to original Axis II diagnoses at baseline. Conclusion: Support is provided for the DSM-IV disorder-level classification for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders in a treatment-seeking sample.
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functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorder
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2002Co-Authors: Andrew E. Skodol, Donna S Bender, Ingrid R Dyck, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Carlos M. Grilo, Leslie C. MoreyAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder and patients with major depressive disorder and no Personality disorder. Method: Patients (N=668) were recruited by the four clinical sites of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The carefully diagnosed study groups were compared on an array of domains of psychosocial functioning, as measured by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation—Baseline Version and the Social Adjustment Scale. Results: Patients with schizotypal Personality disorder and borderline Personality disorder were found to have significantly more impairment at work, in social relationships, and at leisure than patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder or major depressive disorder; patients with avoidant Personality disorder were intermediate. These differences were found across assessment modalities and remained significant after covarying for demographic differences and comorbid axis I psychopathology. Conclusions: Personality disorders are a significant source of psychiatric morbidity, accounting for more impairment in functioning than major depressive disorder alone.
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confirmatory factor analysis of dsm iv borderline schizotypal avoidant and Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorders findings from the collaborative longitudinal Personality disorders study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: Charles A. Sanislow, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: To test the diagnostic constructs implied by DSM-IV Axis-II Personality disorders by examining relationships between different combinations of DSM-IV criteria. Method: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorder constructs in a large treatment-seeking sample (N=668) from a multisite study. A model based on the three DSM-IV Axis II clusters was also tested. Both models were tested against a unitary ‘generic’ model constructed from four criteria sets combined. Results: Goodness-of-fit for both the three-cluster and four disorder models was significantly better than the unidimensional model, and the four-disorder model was significantly better than the three-cluster model. Results were replicated using data from 2-year follow-up obtained by interviewers blind to original Axis II diagnoses at baseline. Conclusion: Support is provided for the DSM-IV disorder-level classification for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality disorders in a treatment-seeking sample.
