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Paul L Hewitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measures of Perfectionism
Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs, 2014Co-Authors: Gordon L. Flett, Paul L HewittAbstract:The current chapter provides an historical overview of how Perfectionism is conceptualized and measured. We examine contemporary concerns and issues in the assessment of Perfectionism. Our analysis focuses on five widely used instruments – the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Almost Perfect Scale – Revised, the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory, and the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale. Our analysis suggests that these instruments are recommended for use but there are several key issues that need to be examined in future research. It is further noted that the term ‘Perfectionism’ is relatively meaningless in and of itself and it is important to remain cognizant of how Perfectionism was conceptualized and measured when evaluating research contributions. This analysis further underscores the fact that the Perfectionism construct is exceedingly complex and it includes trait, cognitive, and self-presentational components. Key directions for future research are discussed.
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Dimensions of Perfectionism and Self-worth Contingencies in Depression
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Edward D. Sturman, Paul L Hewitt, Gordon L. Flett, Susan G. RudolphAbstract:The current study investigated the role of contingent self-worth in Perfectionism and depression. It was hypothesized that Perfectionism is associated with depression because perfectionists base their self-worth on being successful and on the need to be actively working toward their goals. A sample of 170 female university students completed measures of conditional self-worth, Perfectionism traits, Perfectionism cognitions, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling revealed that a factor interpreted as Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism was associated strongly with contingent self-worth, which was, in turn, related to depressive symptomatology. In addition, contingent self-worth mediated the association between Perfectionism cognitions and depression. Other analyses revealed that measures of self-oriented Perfectionism that are often viewed as highly similar actually differed in terms of their associations with contingent self-worth. The theoretical and practical implications of the associations between Perfectionism and contingent self-worth are discussed.
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positive versus negative Perfectionism in psychopathology a comment on slade and owens s dual process model
Behavior Modification, 2006Co-Authors: Gordon L. Flett, Paul L HewittAbstract:This article reviews the concepts of positive and negative Perfectionism and the dual process model of Perfectionism outlined by Slade and Owens (1998). The authors acknowledge that the dual process model represents a conceptual advance in the study of Perfectionism and that Slade and Owens should be commended for identifying testable hypotheses and future research directions. However, the authors take issue with the notion that there are two types of Perfectionism, with one type of Perfectionism representing a "normal" or "healthy" form of Perfectionism. They suggest that positive Perfectionism is motivated, at least in part, by an avoidance orientation and fear of failure, and recent attempts to define and conceptualize positive Perfectionism may have blurred the distinction between Perfectionism and conscientiousness. Research findings that question the adaptiveness of positive forms of Perfectionism are highlighted, and key issues for future research are identified.
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DIMENSIONS OF Perfectionism AND ANXIETY SENSITIVITY
Journal of Rational-emotive & Cognitive-behavior Therapy, 2004Co-Authors: Gordon L. Flett, Andrea Greene, Paul L HewittAbstract:The current study investigated the extent to which dimensions of Perfectionism are associated with components of the anxiety sensitivity construct. A sample of 177 undergraduate students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory, the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale, and the Expanded Anxiety Sensitivity Index developed by Taylor and Cox (1998). The results confirmed that automatic thoughts involving Perfectionism and the interpersonal aspects of the Perfectionism construct are associated with anxiety sensitivity. Examination of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index factors showed that Perfectionism cognitions were associated primarily with anxiety sensitivity involving fears of cognitive dyscontrol, while socially prescribed Perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation were associated primarily with fears of publicly observable anxiety reactions in a manner suggesting that the interpersonal Perfectionism dimensions are linked closely with an anxious sensitivity to negative social evaluation and subsequent panic attacks. The theoretical and treatment implications of the link between Perfectionism and anxiety sensitivity are discussed.
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Perfectionism is multidimensional a reply to shafran cooper and fairburn 2002
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2003Co-Authors: Paul L Hewitt, Gordon L. Flett, Simon B. Sherry, Avi Besser, Brandy J McgeeAbstract:Shafran et al. (2002) provided a cognitive-behavioural analysis of Perfectionism that focused primarily on self-oriented Perfectionism. They argued against studying Perfectionism from a multidimensional perspective that they regard as inconsistent with prior work on Perfectionism as a self-oriented phenomenon. We respond to Shafran et al. (2002) by offering historical, empirical, and theoretical support for the usefulness and the importance of a multidimensional model of Perfectionism involving both intrapersonal processes and interpersonal dynamics. It is concluded that a multidimensional approach to the study of Perfectionism is still warranted.
Gordon L. Flett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measures of Perfectionism
Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs, 2014Co-Authors: Gordon L. Flett, Paul L HewittAbstract:The current chapter provides an historical overview of how Perfectionism is conceptualized and measured. We examine contemporary concerns and issues in the assessment of Perfectionism. Our analysis focuses on five widely used instruments – the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Almost Perfect Scale – Revised, the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory, and the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale. Our analysis suggests that these instruments are recommended for use but there are several key issues that need to be examined in future research. It is further noted that the term ‘Perfectionism’ is relatively meaningless in and of itself and it is important to remain cognizant of how Perfectionism was conceptualized and measured when evaluating research contributions. This analysis further underscores the fact that the Perfectionism construct is exceedingly complex and it includes trait, cognitive, and self-presentational components. Key directions for future research are discussed.
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Dimensions of Perfectionism and Self-worth Contingencies in Depression
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Edward D. Sturman, Paul L Hewitt, Gordon L. Flett, Susan G. RudolphAbstract:The current study investigated the role of contingent self-worth in Perfectionism and depression. It was hypothesized that Perfectionism is associated with depression because perfectionists base their self-worth on being successful and on the need to be actively working toward their goals. A sample of 170 female university students completed measures of conditional self-worth, Perfectionism traits, Perfectionism cognitions, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling revealed that a factor interpreted as Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism was associated strongly with contingent self-worth, which was, in turn, related to depressive symptomatology. In addition, contingent self-worth mediated the association between Perfectionism cognitions and depression. Other analyses revealed that measures of self-oriented Perfectionism that are often viewed as highly similar actually differed in terms of their associations with contingent self-worth. The theoretical and practical implications of the associations between Perfectionism and contingent self-worth are discussed.
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positive versus negative Perfectionism in psychopathology a comment on slade and owens s dual process model
Behavior Modification, 2006Co-Authors: Gordon L. Flett, Paul L HewittAbstract:This article reviews the concepts of positive and negative Perfectionism and the dual process model of Perfectionism outlined by Slade and Owens (1998). The authors acknowledge that the dual process model represents a conceptual advance in the study of Perfectionism and that Slade and Owens should be commended for identifying testable hypotheses and future research directions. However, the authors take issue with the notion that there are two types of Perfectionism, with one type of Perfectionism representing a "normal" or "healthy" form of Perfectionism. They suggest that positive Perfectionism is motivated, at least in part, by an avoidance orientation and fear of failure, and recent attempts to define and conceptualize positive Perfectionism may have blurred the distinction between Perfectionism and conscientiousness. Research findings that question the adaptiveness of positive forms of Perfectionism are highlighted, and key issues for future research are identified.
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DIMENSIONS OF Perfectionism AND ANXIETY SENSITIVITY
Journal of Rational-emotive & Cognitive-behavior Therapy, 2004Co-Authors: Gordon L. Flett, Andrea Greene, Paul L HewittAbstract:The current study investigated the extent to which dimensions of Perfectionism are associated with components of the anxiety sensitivity construct. A sample of 177 undergraduate students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory, the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale, and the Expanded Anxiety Sensitivity Index developed by Taylor and Cox (1998). The results confirmed that automatic thoughts involving Perfectionism and the interpersonal aspects of the Perfectionism construct are associated with anxiety sensitivity. Examination of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index factors showed that Perfectionism cognitions were associated primarily with anxiety sensitivity involving fears of cognitive dyscontrol, while socially prescribed Perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation were associated primarily with fears of publicly observable anxiety reactions in a manner suggesting that the interpersonal Perfectionism dimensions are linked closely with an anxious sensitivity to negative social evaluation and subsequent panic attacks. The theoretical and treatment implications of the link between Perfectionism and anxiety sensitivity are discussed.
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Perfectionism is multidimensional a reply to shafran cooper and fairburn 2002
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2003Co-Authors: Paul L Hewitt, Gordon L. Flett, Simon B. Sherry, Avi Besser, Brandy J McgeeAbstract:Shafran et al. (2002) provided a cognitive-behavioural analysis of Perfectionism that focused primarily on self-oriented Perfectionism. They argued against studying Perfectionism from a multidimensional perspective that they regard as inconsistent with prior work on Perfectionism as a self-oriented phenomenon. We respond to Shafran et al. (2002) by offering historical, empirical, and theoretical support for the usefulness and the importance of a multidimensional model of Perfectionism involving both intrapersonal processes and interpersonal dynamics. It is concluded that a multidimensional approach to the study of Perfectionism is still warranted.
Joachim Stoeber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perfectionism and aggression following unintentional, ambiguous, and intentional provocation
Current Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Joachim Stoeber, Anna HadjivassiliouAbstract:The social disconnection model of Perfectionism posits that Perfectionism is positively related to various indicators of social disconnection including hostility and aggression. Recent findings, however, indicate that only other-oriented and socially-prescribed Perfectionism are positively related to aggression, not self-oriented Perfectionism. The present study ( N = 271) further examined the Perfectionism–aggression relationships using social vignettes differentiating aggression following unintentional, ambiguous, and intentional provocation. Results showed that – when the overlap between the Perfectionism dimensions was controlled – only other-oriented Perfectionism showed positive relationships with aggression across provocation situations. In contrast, socially prescribed Perfectionism showed a positive relationship only with aggression following unintentional provocation, and self-oriented Perfectionism showed a negative relationship. The findings suggest that, whereas people high in self-oriented Perfectionism tend to be unaggressive, people high in other-oriented Perfectionism have a general tendency toward aggression, and people high in socially prescribed Perfectionism show a hostile attribution bias.
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The psychology of Perfectionism: An introduction
The Psychology of Perfectionism, 2017Co-Authors: Joachim StoeberAbstract:Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality disposition characterized by striving for flawlessness and setting exceedingly high standards of performance accompanied by overly critical evaluations of one’s behavior. Perfectionism is a complex characteristic. It comes in different forms and has various aspects. This chapter has a dual purpose: It aims to serve as an introduction to “The Psychology of Perfectionism” (the edited book you are holding in your hands) and an introduction to the psychology of Perfectionism (what the book is about). To these aims, I first present a brief history of Perfectionism theory and research. Then I introduce the two-factor theory of Perfectionism--differentiating perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns--with the intention to provide readers with a conceptual framework that may serve as a “compass” guiding them through the different models and measures of Perfectionism they will encounter in this book. Going beyond the two-factor model, I next introduce three aspects of Perfectionism that are important for a comprehensive understanding of Perfectionism: other-oriented Perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation, and Perfectionism cognitions. The chapter will conclude with a brief overview of the organization of the book and the contents of the individual chapters.
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Perfectionism and personality
The Psychology of Perfectionism, 2017Co-Authors: Joachim Stoeber, Martin M. Smith, Philip J. Corr, Donald H. SaklofskeAbstract:This chapter provides a synopsis of research on where multidimensional Perfectionism “f its” within the broader framework of contemporary personality theory. Focusing on Hewitt and Flett’s (1991) model of Perfectionism—differentiating self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed Perfectionism—the chapter presents a summary and critical discussion of how multidimensional Perfectionism relates to the dimensions and facets of two major structural models of personality (the five-factor model and the HEXACO model) and one neuropsychological model of personality (reinforcement sensitivity theory). Implications of the findings for multidimensional theories and models of Perfectionism, as well as future Perfectionism research, are discussed.
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The Big Three Perfectionism Scale A New Measure of Perfectionism
Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2016Co-Authors: Martin M. Smith, Joachim Stoeber, Donald H. Saklofske, Simon B. SherryAbstract:This article introduces a new measure of dispositional Perfectionism: the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS). The BTPS assesses three higher-order global factors (rigid Perfectionism, self-critical Perfectionism, narcissistic Perfectionism) via 10 lower-order Perfectionism facets (self-oriented Perfectionism, self-worth contingencies, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, self-criticism, socially prescribed Perfectionism, other-oriented Perfectionism, hypercriticism, grandiosity, entitlement). The present investigation examined the structure of the BTPS using exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 (288 undergraduates) and confirmatory factor analyses in Study 2 (352 community adults) and Study 3 (290 undergraduates). Additionally, in Study 3 the relationships among the BTPS, other measures of Perfectionism, and the five-factor model of personality were investigated. Overall, findings provide first evidence for the reliability and validity of the BTPS as a multidimensional measure of Perfectionism.
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Physical appearance Perfectionism explains variance in eating disorder symptoms above general Perfectionism
Personality and Individual Differences, 2015Co-Authors: Joachim Stoeber, Hongfei YangAbstract:Abstract Physical appearance Perfectionism is a domain-specific form of Perfectionism comprising two components: hope for perfection and worry about imperfection (Yang & Stoeber, 2012). Previous studies found that physical appearance Perfectionism is related to eating disorder symptoms, particularly the worry about imperfection component, but did not address the question of whether physical appearance Perfectionism explains variance in eating disorder symptoms above general Perfectionism. The present study investigated the question examining 559 female university students. Physical appearance Perfectionism explained an additional 9–17% of variance in eating disorder symptoms above the 11–20% variance explained by general Perfectionism. The findings suggest that physical appearance Perfectionism plays an important role in disordered eating beyond general Perfectionism.
Jennifer A. Hayward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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self oriented and socially prescribed Perfectionism differential relationships with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and test anxiety
Personality and Individual Differences, 2009Co-Authors: Joachim Stoeber, Alexandra R Feast, Jennifer A. HaywardAbstract:Abstract Previous studies suggest that self-oriented and socially prescribed Perfectionism show differential relationships with intrinsic–extrinsic motivation and test anxiety, but the findings are ambiguous. Moreover, they ignored that test anxiety is multidimensional. Consequently, the present study re-investigated the relationships in 104 university students examining how the two forms of Perfectionism are related to intrinsic–extrinsic motivation and multidimensional test anxiety (worry, emotionality, interference, lack of confidence, and total anxiety). Regarding motivation, self-oriented Perfectionism showed positive correlations with intrinsic reasons for studying, and socially prescribed Perfectionism positive correlations with extrinsic reasons. Regarding test anxiety, only socially prescribed Perfectionism showed positive correlations with total anxiety. Moreover, socially prescribed Perfectionism showed positive correlations with interference and lack of confidence, whereas self-oriented Perfectionism showed positive correlations with worry, but negative correlations with interference and lack of confidence. The findings confirm that socially prescribed Perfectionism is a maladaptive form of Perfectionism associated with extrinsic motivation for studying and higher anxiety in exams. Self-oriented Perfectionism, however, is an ambivalent form associated with intrinsic motivation for studying and with both higher and lower anxiety (higher worry; lower interference, lower lack of confidence) in exams.
Tatsuyuki Ohtsuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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traits and cognitions of Perfectionism and their relation with coping style effort achievement and performance anxiety in japanese musicians
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Osamu Kobori, Michiko Yoshie, Kazutoshi Kudo, Tatsuyuki OhtsukiAbstract:Abstract Research has shown that 2 major facets of Perfectionism can be differentiated: perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. In order to investigate how these different facets of Perfectionism are related to coping, effort, achievement, and performance anxiety in musicians, we asked 275 professional and amateur Japanese musicians to complete measures of Perfectionism traits, Perfectionism cognitions, coping style, effort, achievement, and performance anxiety. While both facets of Perfectionism showed a similar pattern of correlation with coping measures, they were differently associated with effort, achievement, and performance anxiety. In addition, results of hierarchical regression analysis showed the incremental validity of Perfectionism cognitions in explaining variance in performance anxiety above the variance explained by other variables, such as trait Perfectionism. These findings demonstrate that Perfectionism in musicians has both positive and negative elements.
