The Experts below are selected from a list of 16392 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Don E. Schlagenhauf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corporate Income Tax, Legal Form of Organization, and Employment
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2018Co-Authors: Daphne Chen, Shi Qi, Don E. SchlagenhaufAbstract:A dynamic stochastic Occupational Choice model with heterogeneous agents is developed to evaluate the impact of a corporate income tax reduction on employment. In this framework, the key margin is the endogenous entrepreneurial Choice of the legal form of organization (LFO). A reduction in the corporate income tax burden encourages adoption of the C corporation legal form, which reduces capital constraints on firms. Improved capital re-allocation increases overall productive efficiency in the economy and therefore expands the labor market. Relative to the benchmark economy, a corporate income tax cut can reduce the non-employment rate by up to 7 percent.
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corporate income tax legal form of organization and employment
Research Papers in Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Daphne Chen, Don E. SchlagenhaufAbstract:We adopt a dynamic stochastic Occupational Choice model with heterogeneous agents and evaluate the impact of a potential reduction in the corporate income tax on employment. We show that a reduction in corporate income tax leads to moderate job creation. In the extreme case, the elimination of the corporate income tax would reduce the non-employed population by 5.4 percent. In the model, a reduction in the corporate income tax creates jobs through two channels, one from new entry firms and one from existing firms changing their form of legal organization. In particular, the latter accounts for 85.7 percent of the new jobs created.
Debraj Ray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a theory of Occupational Choice with endogenous fertility
Social Science Research Network, 2010Co-Authors: Dilip Mookherjee, Silvia Prina, Debraj RayAbstract:By incorporating Occupational Choice into a theory of endogenous fertility, this paper provides an explanation of observed patterns linking parental incomes to fertility. Our approach does not rely on assumptions concerning the relative strength of substitution and wealth effects in parental preferences. While arguing that the wage-fertility relationship is generally negative, the results imply exceptions in developing countries or within particular Occupational segments in developed countries. Moreover, steady state mobility arises without stochastic shocks, and steady states are locally determinate. Comparative statics exercises on steady states shed light on policy questions such as income redistribution and family planning subsidies.
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aspirations segregation and Occupational Choice
Journal of the European Economic Association, 2010Co-Authors: Dilip Mookherjee, Stefan Napel, Debraj RayAbstract:This paper examines steady states of an overlapping generations economy with a given distribution of household locations over a one-dimensional interval. Parents decide whether or not to educate their children. Such decisions are a ected by location: parental aspirations depend on the earnings of their neighbors. At the same time, economy-wide wages endogenously adjust to bring factor supplies into line with demand. The model therefore combines local social interaction with global market interaction. The paper studies steadystate configurations of skill acquisition, both with and without segregation, and studies the macroeconomic and welfare effects of segregation on aggregate economic outcomes.
Lindsay Jacobs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Occupational Choice retirement and the effects of disability insurance
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Lindsay JacobsAbstract:There is much variation in the physical requirements across occupations, giving rise to great dierences in later-life productivity, disability risk, and the value of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). In this paper, I look at how such dif- ferences across occupations aect initial career Choice as well as the extent to which SSDI, which insures shocks to productivity due to disability, prompts more people to choose physically intense occupations. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS), I estimate a dynamic model of Occupational Choice and retirement with heterogeneous agents and equilibrium ef- fects on earnings across occupations. I document the dierences between blue-collar
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Occupational Choice, Retirement, and the Effects of Disability Insurance
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Lindsay JacobsAbstract:There is much variation in the physical requirements across occupations, giving rise to great differences in later-life productivity, disability risk, and the value of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). In this paper, I look at how such differences across occupations affect initial career Choice as well as the extent to which SSDI, which insures shocks to productivity due to disability, prompts more people to choose physically intense occupations. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS), I estimate a dynamic model of Occupational Choice and retirement with heterogeneous agents and equilibrium effects on earnings across occupations. I document the differences between blue-collar and white-collar occupations in the effects of declining health and disability on productivity, which affects labor supply in later life and, in the context of a life-cycle model, influences the occupation decision. Through counterfactual exercises, I show that the additional disability risk in blue-collar jobs relative to white-collar jobs is equivalent to an additional six percentage point reduction in lifetime consumption and that the absence of SSDI, which insures some of this risk, would be equivalent to, respectively, a twelve and seven percent reduction in consumption for those in blue- and white- collar jobs. Furthermore, I find that the presence of SSDI results in three percent more individuals choosing blue-collar occupations, which is comparable to the effect on occupation selection resulting from an eight-percent increase in blue-collar earnings. This overall effect, however, masks the importance of the selection of less risk-averse individuals into blue-collar jobs and the equilibrium effects on wages; earnings for the most risk-averse type would have to be nearly fifteen percent greater to choose blue-collar{{p}}occupations in the absence of SSDI.
Ranjula Bali Swain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food security gender and Occupational Choice among urban low income households
World Development, 2013Co-Authors: Maria S Floro, Ranjula Bali SwainAbstract:This paper examines an adaptive strategy using Occupational Choice that can be undertaken by household members in urban poor areas to help ensure their access to food. Our investigation focuses on self-employed women and men in 14 predominantly slum communities in Bolivia, Ecuador, Philippines, and Thailand. Results of our empirical analysis show that Choice of business is associated with household vulnerability to food insecurity, with women in vulnerable households likely to engage in food enterprises. The findings suggest that urban low-income households can mitigate the risk of food shortage through the selection of an enterprise activity that earns money income and is a direct source of food for consumption.
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food security gender and Occupational Choice among urban low income households
Research Papers in Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Maria S Floro, Ranjula Bali SwainAbstract:Rising urban poverty and food insecurity are serious concerns in developing countries today. Urban livelihoods and coping strategies remain poorly understood however. This paperexamines the response of female and male household members in marginalized urban (predominantly squatter) areas to the risk of food shortage in terms of Occupational Choice. More specifically, we use probit analyses to investigate whether household vulnerability or the need to provide self-insurance for food security, alongside gender roles, influence a worker's Choice of enterprise activity. We focus our investigation on self-employed women and men using a data set drawn from the 1496 individual sample in 14 urban squatter communities in Bolivia, Ecuador, Philippines and Thailand. Our findings show that selfemployed women in households facing higher risk of food insecurity are likely to engage in food-related enterprise activities and this is especially true in Philippines and Thailand. This suggests the role of Occupational Choice in in helping urban squatter households in mitigating the risk of food shortage through the selection of an income-generating activity that allows the direct use of unsold inventories for food consumption.
Takahiro Osumi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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medial prefrontal cortex dorsal anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during behavior selection without an objective correct answer
Neuroscience Letters, 2010Co-Authors: Takashi Nakao, Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro Yamada, Georg NorthoffAbstract:Life Choices (e.g., Occupational Choice) often include situations with two or more possible correct answers, thereby putting us in a situation of conflict. Recent reports have described that the evaluation of conflict might be crucially mediated by neural activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), although the reduction of conflict might rather be associated with neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). What remains unclear is whether these regions mutually interact, thereby raising the question of their functional connectivity during conflict situations. Using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, this study shows that the dACC co-varied significantly higher with the MPFC during an Occupational Choice task with two possible correct answers when compared to the control task: a word-length task with one possible correct answer. These results suggest that the MPFC has a functional relation with dACC, especially in conflict situations where there is no objective correct answer. Taken together, this lends support to the assumption that the MPFC might be crucial in biasing the decision, thereby reducing conflict.
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neural bases of behavior selection without an objective correct answer
Neuroscience Letters, 2009Co-Authors: Takashi Nakao, Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira, Yukinori Kasuya, Jun Shinoda, Jitsuhiro YamadaAbstract:Abstract Life Choice (e.g. occupation Choice) often includes situations with two or more possible answers. How does the brain respond to such conflict-ridden situations? We investigated whether the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) evaluates the degree of conflict between possible answers. Additionally, we investigated whether the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) or the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has a function in behavior selection with plural possible answers. We used an Occupational Choice task (e.g. which occupation do you think you could do better?—dancer or chemist) with two possible answers and a word-length task (e.g. which word is longer?—dentist or comedian) that has a correct answer. The conflicts in each task were manipulated. Results showed that the dACC and the MTL were activated when the conflict during Occupational Choice was large, and that the MPFC and posterior cingulate cortex were activated more in the Occupational Choice task than in the word-length task. Our results show that the dACC evaluates the degree of conflict between possible answers, and that the MTL, MPFC, and posterior cingulate cortex have a function in behavior selection without an objective correct answer. It is thought that the MTL functions to reduce conflict when a large-conflict is detected in the dACC. Furthermore, the MPFC and posterior cingulate are thought to have a function of biasing any of the plural answers in behavior selection without an objective answer.
