The Experts below are selected from a list of 18945 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hannie Te Grotenhuis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
De erfelijkheid van werkloosheid. Moderne verschijningsvormen van oude ongelijkheden
1994Co-Authors: Hannie Te GrotenhuisAbstract:Hereditary Unemployment. Modern Manifestations of Traditional Inequalities. Assesses the relationship between parental unemployment and the educational and Occupational Opportunities available to children in the Netherlands. Parental unemployment seems to have significant negative consequences only for children of poorly educated parents who are both unemployed. Since unemployment is inherited only by the children who are already in the lowest socioeconomic strata of Dutch society, traditional assumptions about the processes that lead to inequality are challenged. Despite meritocratic principles and the well-developed social welfare arrangement, the gap between employed and unemployed people has continued to grow. 19 References. Adapted from the source document.
-
Does the welfare state eliminate the intergenerational effects of unemployment? A close look at the effects of parental unemployment on the school and Occupational Opportunities of children:
Childhood, 1993Co-Authors: Hannie Te GrotenhuisAbstract:In this paper a Dutch study on the effects of parental unemployment on the school and Occupational Opportunities of children is discussed. The conclusions are that, in general, parental unemployment has no severe effects on the child's school career. Moreover, when only one parent is unemployed, unemployment does not affect the child's school achievement at all. However, going from the general to the specific, the results are somewhat different. The general pattern does not hold true for children of parents with very little education who are both unemployed. In an environment which is vulnerable as it is, unemployment increases deprivation. In such a situation, features of what O. Lewis called 'a culture of poverty' occur. Considering these re search findings, the author states that it may be wise not to exaggerate or dramatise the situation of children of parents who become unemployed these days. It may be much wiser to concentrate on the prevention of long-term unemployment and on maintaining a high lev...
Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
social origins adolescent experiences and work value trajectories during the transition to adulthood
Social Forces, 2002Co-Authors: Monica Kirkpatrick JohnsonAbstract:This study links the trajectories of adolescents' work values during the transition to adulthood to key indicators of social origin and early experience. The findings, based on panel data from a national sample, indicate that individuals' work values change substantially during this period of the life course, with "average trajectories" of work values indicating some growing realism with age. Furthermore, work value trajectories are systematically tied to social origin and early experience, with gender and race playing a particularly important role both in initial adolescent work values and in changes that occur across the young adult years. The work values of young black women, for example, changed the most as they came to terms with their Occupational Opportunities. The transition to adulthood represents an important area of sociological research in part because it constitutes a critical time in the formation of life pathways. Most research has concentrated on the demography of role transitions during this "demographically dense" (Rindfuss 1991) life stage, with studies of attainment
Ida Drange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
ethnic minority students career expectations in prospective professions navigating between ambitions and discrimination
Sociology, 2015Co-Authors: Bente Abrahamsen, Ida DrangeAbstract:This study sheds light on how ethnic minority students in Norway seek to navigate Occupational Opportunities after graduating from professional bachelor programmes. Students’ career ambitions and career expectations are investigated. The study adopts a comparative approach and includes students of Asian origin and western minority students as well as majority students. The findings show that ethnic minorities have higher career ambitions than majority students, but their career expectations are not correspondingly high. The study identifies ethnicity both as a resource (ethnic capital) and as an obstacle in the pursuit of a professional career. Structural disadvantages such as perceived discrimination seem to curb the utility of ethnic capital in capitalising on Occupational Opportunities, particularly for managerial positions. Ethnicity as a resource seems to play a role among both Asian and western minority students, and appears particularly strong in the development of career ambitions and in the effor...
Susanna Loeb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
examining the link between teacher wages and student outcomes the importance of alternative labor market Opportunities and non pecuniary variation
The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2000Co-Authors: Susanna Loeb, Marianne E PageAbstract:Researchers using cross-sectional data have failed to produce systematic evidence that teacher salaries affect student outcomes. These studies generally do not account for non-pecuniary job attributes and alternative wage Opportunities, which affect the opportunity cost of choosing to teach. When we employ the methodology used in previous studies, we replicate their results. However, once we adjust for labor market factors, we estimate that raising teacher wages by 10% reduces high school dropout rates by 3% to 4%. Our findings suggest that previous studies have failed to produce robust estimates because they lack adequate controls for non-wage aspects of teaching and market differences in alternative Occupational Opportunities. © 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jenny Head - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
P86 Linking childhood area deprivation to inequalities in retirement: contribution of educational and Occupational Opportunities in the National Survey of Health and Development
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2016Co-Authors: Emily T. Murray, Paola Zaninotto, Mai Stafford, Nicola Shelton, Jenny HeadAbstract:Background In many developed countries, associations have been reported between higher area unemployment and retirement/ receipt of disability pension. While the main explanation for these relationships has been found to depend on unequal distributions of persons across areas, this argument does not take into consideration life course processes linking area of residence, educational and Occupational Opportunities and retirement outcomes. Methods Data was used from 2,441 cohort members of the National Survey of Health and Development with retirement status at age 60–64 years (still in main occupation, retired from main occupation but still working, retired for positive reasons or retired for negative reasons). The main exposure of interest was local authority area unemployment data at ages 4, 26 and 53 years (residential addresses linked to census data in 1951, 1971 and 2001). STATA’s Structural Equation Model (SEM) Builder was used to explore the pathways by which area deprivation in childhood could influence inequalities in retirement status outcomes at age 60–64 years. Pathways considered were Occupational socioeconomic position (ages 4, 26 and 53 years), educational achievement (26 years), and work status (ages 26 and 53 years) Results At age 60–64 years, 37% of respondents were in work, 14% were retired-working, 26% retired for positive reasons and 23% retired for negative reasons. A 1-standard deviation increase in area unemployment at age 53 years was associated with a 12% (95% confidence interval: 1.5%, 23.0%) increased odds of retiring for negative reasons by age 60–64 years, compared to still being in main occupation. This relationship was attenuated by adjustment for SEP at age 53 years. However, Occupational SEP at 53 years was directly on a pathway leading from area deprivation in childhood to retirement outcomes. Area deprivation in childhood was not directly related to educational achievement at 26 years. But parental SEP was related to both childhood area deprivation and educational achievement at age 26 years, creating a back-door pathway linking childhood socioeconomic circumstances to retirement outcomes through educational and Occupational Opportunities. Conclusion Individual and area-level socioeconomic disadvantages are co-related across the life course and contribute to understanding geographic disparities in retirement age workforce exit. Area effects on retirement outcomes should not be dismissed if associations are attenuated after adjustment for individual social class; as area deprivation (particularly during working years) is an essential contributor to the life course pathway.
