The Experts below are selected from a list of 1017 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Changsoo Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution and assessment of heavy metal concentrations in the east sea byeong Ocean Dumping site korea
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2021Co-Authors: Youngryun Kim, Dongwon Kang, Sang Jin Lee, Kiyoung Choi, Hyeeun Kim, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Youngsuk Jang, Changjoon KimAbstract:Abstract Sediment cores were collected from three sites, the Control, Dumping, and Resting sites in the East Sea-Byeong Ocean Dumping site, Korea, and the enrichment and degree of accumulation of heavy metals were investigated. Further, to assess the level of heavy metal pollution and understand the potential effects of the Ocean Dumping activities that began in 1993, the results obtained corresponding to the different sampling sites were compared, and various criteria were employed. Indices, including the enrichment factor and the modified contamination degree, demonstrated that the sediments were contaminated with various heavy metals at different contamination levels. The results also indicated a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals, with the uppermost 0–10 cm sediment layer showing relatively high concentrations. Overall, this study confirmed that anthropogenic heavy metal contamination at the study sites, and the implementation of continuous monitoring, alongside the application of proper management tools, is recommended.
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overview of the policies for phasing out Ocean Dumping of sewage sludge in the republic of korea
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Changsoo Chung, Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changjoon Kim, Yeon S ChangAbstract:Ocean Dumping of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) that was treated in wastewater treatment plants in the Republic of Korea (ROK) began in 1993 and has sharply increased thereafter; this deteriorated the benthic environment of the Dumping sites, consequently necessitating relevant policies to be developed to reduce Dumping. This review introduces the outcomes of policies used to phase out Ocean Dumping of MSS in ROK and provides a method for improving contaminated environments. We first review a previous report submitted under the London Protocol in 2016 and then provide additional data collected since then. In addition, we introduce a scientific research result that reduced the concentration of harmful substances in the Dumping sites by capping the Dumping area. ROK established policies to phase out the Dumping in 2006, which had immediate impacts, with Dumping of MSS terminated in 2012. These policies were then expanded to terminate Dumping of all types of sewage sludge in 2016, due to the fast and strict application of actions based on intergovernmental cooperation and societal consensus. In addition, the capping method that covered the contaminated sediments with dredged materials was effective. The success of the evaluated policies and research could be effectively applied to areas with similar circumstances.
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fractionation and risk assessment of metals in sediments of an Ocean Dumping site
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Changjoon Kim, Suk Hyun KimAbstract:Sediments of Yellow Sea Dumping sites (YSDS) collected in 2015 were analyzed using the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method to assess the contamination and potential risk to the environment. Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn exhibited the most dominant residual fraction, whereas Cd was mostly in the exchangeable fraction and Pb in the reducible fraction. Cr contains a significant amount of oxidizable fraction in the Dumping area due to the Dumping of tannery sludge with high concentrations of Cr, mainly in the organic matter-bound form. The global contamination factor (GCF) showed that high non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb contributed considerably to contamination. Nevertheless, modified potential ecological risk index (MRI) suggested low ecological risk for metals in YSDS because of the low total content of Cd and the small mobile fraction of other metals.
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responses of bacterial production and enzymatic activities to Ocean Dumping of organic wastes in the euphotic zone of the east sea korea
Symposium on Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, 1999Co-Authors: Kidon Song, Changsoo Chung, Gi Hoon Hong, Dong Han Choi, Yoon Lee, Suk Hyun Kim, Byungcheol ChoAbstract:To understand the effects of Ocean-Dumping of organic wastes on bacteria, bacterial abundance and production, and hydrolytic activities of aminopeptidase (AMPase) and -glucosidase (-GLCase) were measured 5 times in the euphotic zone of the Dumping and non-Dumping areas of the East Sea from April 1996 to September 1997. Comparing the depth-integrated values of phytoplankton biomass and bacterial parameters over the euphotic zone of Dumping area with those of non-Dumping area, we found that activities of -GLCase in the Oceanic Dumping area were always higher than those in the Oceanic non-Dumping area. Also, thymidine-based bacterial production always correlated significantly with leucine-based bacterial production in Dumping area (balanced growth), but not in non-Dumping area (unbalanced growth). These results seem to be bacterial responses to continuous Dumping of organic matter into the Dumping area. Further, a relationship between bacterial abundance and production was significant in Dumping area, but insignificant in non-Dumping area, indicating that control mechanisms of bacterial abundance were different in two areas. Relationships between other bacterial parameters varied with areas and seasons, suggesting that bacteria might be regulated by different factors in spring and summer. Further studies are required to test whether these seasonal variabilities of regulating factor are associated with changes in temperature, temperature-related phenomena, or characteristics of wastes.
Junmo Jung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution and assessment of heavy metal concentrations in the east sea byeong Ocean Dumping site korea
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2021Co-Authors: Youngryun Kim, Dongwon Kang, Sang Jin Lee, Kiyoung Choi, Hyeeun Kim, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Youngsuk Jang, Changjoon KimAbstract:Abstract Sediment cores were collected from three sites, the Control, Dumping, and Resting sites in the East Sea-Byeong Ocean Dumping site, Korea, and the enrichment and degree of accumulation of heavy metals were investigated. Further, to assess the level of heavy metal pollution and understand the potential effects of the Ocean Dumping activities that began in 1993, the results obtained corresponding to the different sampling sites were compared, and various criteria were employed. Indices, including the enrichment factor and the modified contamination degree, demonstrated that the sediments were contaminated with various heavy metals at different contamination levels. The results also indicated a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals, with the uppermost 0–10 cm sediment layer showing relatively high concentrations. Overall, this study confirmed that anthropogenic heavy metal contamination at the study sites, and the implementation of continuous monitoring, alongside the application of proper management tools, is recommended.
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overview of the policies for phasing out Ocean Dumping of sewage sludge in the republic of korea
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Changsoo Chung, Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changjoon Kim, Yeon S ChangAbstract:Ocean Dumping of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) that was treated in wastewater treatment plants in the Republic of Korea (ROK) began in 1993 and has sharply increased thereafter; this deteriorated the benthic environment of the Dumping sites, consequently necessitating relevant policies to be developed to reduce Dumping. This review introduces the outcomes of policies used to phase out Ocean Dumping of MSS in ROK and provides a method for improving contaminated environments. We first review a previous report submitted under the London Protocol in 2016 and then provide additional data collected since then. In addition, we introduce a scientific research result that reduced the concentration of harmful substances in the Dumping sites by capping the Dumping area. ROK established policies to phase out the Dumping in 2006, which had immediate impacts, with Dumping of MSS terminated in 2012. These policies were then expanded to terminate Dumping of all types of sewage sludge in 2016, due to the fast and strict application of actions based on intergovernmental cooperation and societal consensus. In addition, the capping method that covered the contaminated sediments with dredged materials was effective. The success of the evaluated policies and research could be effectively applied to areas with similar circumstances.
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fractionation and risk assessment of metals in sediments of an Ocean Dumping site
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Changjoon Kim, Suk Hyun KimAbstract:Sediments of Yellow Sea Dumping sites (YSDS) collected in 2015 were analyzed using the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method to assess the contamination and potential risk to the environment. Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn exhibited the most dominant residual fraction, whereas Cd was mostly in the exchangeable fraction and Pb in the reducible fraction. Cr contains a significant amount of oxidizable fraction in the Dumping area due to the Dumping of tannery sludge with high concentrations of Cr, mainly in the organic matter-bound form. The global contamination factor (GCF) showed that high non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb contributed considerably to contamination. Nevertheless, modified potential ecological risk index (MRI) suggested low ecological risk for metals in YSDS because of the low total content of Cd and the small mobile fraction of other metals.
Changjoon Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution and assessment of heavy metal concentrations in the east sea byeong Ocean Dumping site korea
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2021Co-Authors: Youngryun Kim, Dongwon Kang, Sang Jin Lee, Kiyoung Choi, Hyeeun Kim, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Youngsuk Jang, Changjoon KimAbstract:Abstract Sediment cores were collected from three sites, the Control, Dumping, and Resting sites in the East Sea-Byeong Ocean Dumping site, Korea, and the enrichment and degree of accumulation of heavy metals were investigated. Further, to assess the level of heavy metal pollution and understand the potential effects of the Ocean Dumping activities that began in 1993, the results obtained corresponding to the different sampling sites were compared, and various criteria were employed. Indices, including the enrichment factor and the modified contamination degree, demonstrated that the sediments were contaminated with various heavy metals at different contamination levels. The results also indicated a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals, with the uppermost 0–10 cm sediment layer showing relatively high concentrations. Overall, this study confirmed that anthropogenic heavy metal contamination at the study sites, and the implementation of continuous monitoring, alongside the application of proper management tools, is recommended.
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overview of the policies for phasing out Ocean Dumping of sewage sludge in the republic of korea
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Changsoo Chung, Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changjoon Kim, Yeon S ChangAbstract:Ocean Dumping of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) that was treated in wastewater treatment plants in the Republic of Korea (ROK) began in 1993 and has sharply increased thereafter; this deteriorated the benthic environment of the Dumping sites, consequently necessitating relevant policies to be developed to reduce Dumping. This review introduces the outcomes of policies used to phase out Ocean Dumping of MSS in ROK and provides a method for improving contaminated environments. We first review a previous report submitted under the London Protocol in 2016 and then provide additional data collected since then. In addition, we introduce a scientific research result that reduced the concentration of harmful substances in the Dumping sites by capping the Dumping area. ROK established policies to phase out the Dumping in 2006, which had immediate impacts, with Dumping of MSS terminated in 2012. These policies were then expanded to terminate Dumping of all types of sewage sludge in 2016, due to the fast and strict application of actions based on intergovernmental cooperation and societal consensus. In addition, the capping method that covered the contaminated sediments with dredged materials was effective. The success of the evaluated policies and research could be effectively applied to areas with similar circumstances.
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fractionation and risk assessment of metals in sediments of an Ocean Dumping site
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Changjoon Kim, Suk Hyun KimAbstract:Sediments of Yellow Sea Dumping sites (YSDS) collected in 2015 were analyzed using the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method to assess the contamination and potential risk to the environment. Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn exhibited the most dominant residual fraction, whereas Cd was mostly in the exchangeable fraction and Pb in the reducible fraction. Cr contains a significant amount of oxidizable fraction in the Dumping area due to the Dumping of tannery sludge with high concentrations of Cr, mainly in the organic matter-bound form. The global contamination factor (GCF) showed that high non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb contributed considerably to contamination. Nevertheless, modified potential ecological risk index (MRI) suggested low ecological risk for metals in YSDS because of the low total content of Cd and the small mobile fraction of other metals.
Gunnar Gerdts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Ocean Dumping on benthic microbial communities fine scale investigations in the german bight
EPIC3ISME 14 Kopenhagen Denmark 2012-09Kopenhagen Denmark Rebecca Stoermer, 2012Co-Authors: Rebecca Stoermer, Antje Wichels, Gunnar GerdtsAbstract:Ports and rivers adjacent to the coast often suffer from high siltation rates. In order to maintain water depths of ports and rivers sediment needs to be frequently dredged. In many cases this sediment is polluted and dumped elsewhere in the water system. The Elbe estuary represents the largest and economically most important German estuary. Due to changed hydrodynamics the siltation rates increased in the past years. In consequence 6mio m³ low polluted sediment was dredged and dumped in the German Bight since 2005. The Dumping activity is subject to severe governmental restrictions as biannual monitoring programs to observe the impact on benthic organisms and fishes. To today the impact of Ocean Dumping on benthic microbial communities is not included in these monitoring programs. Microbial communities represent the basis of any ecosystem. Substantial functions as nutrient cycling might be affected by changes in community structure and composition. In a pilot study we investigated microbial communities in three monitoring campaigns in August 2009, April and August 2010. Each campaign comprised 125 sampling stations at the Dumping area including the Dumping site and a reference site. We utilised automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis to obtain profiles of microbial communities of each sampling station. Microbial communities’ information was linked to contextual data as grain size fractions and pollutants. Additionally, representative samples were chosen to yield phylogenetic information by 454 pyrosequencing. Microbial communities of the reference site and Dumping site remained significant different in all sampling campaigns. After a Dumping activity we observed significant different microbial communities at the Dumping site. Redundancy analyses revealed a strong gradient of grain size distributions and pollutants affecting the microbial community structure. Finally 454 sequencing revealed a unique microbial community at the Dumping centre. The presence of sulphate-reducing groups affiliated to Deltaproteobacteria, especially Desulfuromonadaceae and Desulfobacteraceae appeared to be affected by the dumped material. In conclusion our results suggest a significant impact of the Dumping activity on benthic microbial communities. Its consequences need to be clarified urgently. We suggest the inclusion and elaboration of microbial community analyses in future monitoring programs in order to verify anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems.
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does Ocean Dumping affect marine microbial communities
EPIC3Marine Resources and Beyond Bremerhaven 2011-09-05-2011-09-07, 2011Co-Authors: Rebecca Stormer, Antje Wichels, Gunnar GerdtsAbstract:Bacteria of marine sediments play a crucial role in carbon and nutrient cycles. Surprisingly little is known about the natural succession and the response to environmental changes of benthic bacterial communities in the German Bight. As being very eclectic, the bacterial genome enables its carrier to adapt rapidly to these changes. Thus investigating the bacterial community allows following environmental changes, often caused by anthropogenic activities, very early. Waterways represent important connections in transport systems. Due to tidal pumping effects, sediment often accumulates in coastal rivers, inhibiting them. Dumping of these accumulations into the sea is a common procedure. But the impact of these potentially polluted sediments on bacterial communities of pristine environments is barely investigated. In this study the Dumping site “Tonne E3” in the German Bight (North Sea, Germany) was examined. From 2005 to 2010 5 Mio m³ of excavated material from the Hamburg port area have been dumped into the North Sea. In 2009 and 2010 sediment samples were taken at “Tonne E3” to analyze the bacterial community via automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). The Dumping area and a reference region were investigated. ARISA focuses on the highly conservative ITS region in the bacterial genome possessing a species specific length polymorphism. ARISA profiles of samples at the Dumping area in 2009 and 2010 revealed different bacterial communities changing over time. The analyses of community data in conjunction with environmental data indicate sedimentological factors but also contaminants affecting the communities significantly. In 2009 highly heterogenic community patterns in the vicinity of the Dumping area were observed. This interesting fact will be further investigated by performing 454 sequencing of the highly conserved 16S region for representative samples.
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does Ocean Dumping affect marine microbial communities investigations at a Dumping site in the german bight
EPIC3Symposium on Aquatic Miccobial Ecology Rostock Warnemünde -2011-09-02, 2011Co-Authors: Rebecca Stormer, Antje Wichels, Gunnar GerdtsAbstract:Bacteria of marine sediments play a crucial role in carbon and nutrient cycles. Surprisingly little is known about the natural succession and the response to environmental changes of benthic bacterial communities in the German Bight. As being very eclectic, the bacterial genome enables its carrier to adapt rapidly to these changes. Thus investigating the bacterial community allows following environmental changes, often caused by anthropogenic activities, very early. Waterways represent important connections in transport systems. Due to tidal pumping effects, sediment often accumulates in coastal rivers, inhibiting them. Dumping of these accumulations into the sea is a common procedure. But the impact of these potentially polluted sediments on bacterial communities of pristine environments is barely investigated. In this study the Dumping site “Tonne E3” in the German Bight (North Sea, Germany) was examined. From 2005 to 2010 5 Mio m³ of excavated material from the Hamburg port area have been dumped into the North Sea. In 2009 and 2010 sediment samples were taken at “Tonne E3” to analyze the bacterial community via automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). The Dumping area and a reference region were investigated. ARISA focuses on the highly conservative ITS region in the bacterial genome possessing a species specific length polymorphism. ARISA profiles of samples at the Dumping area in 2009 and 2010 revealed different bacterial communities changing over time. The analyses of community data in conjunction with environmental data indicate sedimentological factors but also contaminants affecting the communities significantly. In 2009 highly heterogenic community patterns in the vicinity of the Dumping area were observed. This interesting fact will be further investigated by performing 454 sequencing of the highly conserved 16S region for representative samples.
Kiyoung Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution and assessment of heavy metal concentrations in the east sea byeong Ocean Dumping site korea
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2021Co-Authors: Youngryun Kim, Dongwon Kang, Sang Jin Lee, Kiyoung Choi, Hyeeun Kim, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Youngsuk Jang, Changjoon KimAbstract:Abstract Sediment cores were collected from three sites, the Control, Dumping, and Resting sites in the East Sea-Byeong Ocean Dumping site, Korea, and the enrichment and degree of accumulation of heavy metals were investigated. Further, to assess the level of heavy metal pollution and understand the potential effects of the Ocean Dumping activities that began in 1993, the results obtained corresponding to the different sampling sites were compared, and various criteria were employed. Indices, including the enrichment factor and the modified contamination degree, demonstrated that the sediments were contaminated with various heavy metals at different contamination levels. The results also indicated a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals, with the uppermost 0–10 cm sediment layer showing relatively high concentrations. Overall, this study confirmed that anthropogenic heavy metal contamination at the study sites, and the implementation of continuous monitoring, alongside the application of proper management tools, is recommended.
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overview of the policies for phasing out Ocean Dumping of sewage sludge in the republic of korea
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Changsoo Chung, Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changjoon Kim, Yeon S ChangAbstract:Ocean Dumping of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) that was treated in wastewater treatment plants in the Republic of Korea (ROK) began in 1993 and has sharply increased thereafter; this deteriorated the benthic environment of the Dumping sites, consequently necessitating relevant policies to be developed to reduce Dumping. This review introduces the outcomes of policies used to phase out Ocean Dumping of MSS in ROK and provides a method for improving contaminated environments. We first review a previous report submitted under the London Protocol in 2016 and then provide additional data collected since then. In addition, we introduce a scientific research result that reduced the concentration of harmful substances in the Dumping sites by capping the Dumping area. ROK established policies to phase out the Dumping in 2006, which had immediate impacts, with Dumping of MSS terminated in 2012. These policies were then expanded to terminate Dumping of all types of sewage sludge in 2016, due to the fast and strict application of actions based on intergovernmental cooperation and societal consensus. In addition, the capping method that covered the contaminated sediments with dredged materials was effective. The success of the evaluated policies and research could be effectively applied to areas with similar circumstances.
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fractionation and risk assessment of metals in sediments of an Ocean Dumping site
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Kiyoung Choi, Junmo Jung, Changsoo Chung, Changjoon Kim, Suk Hyun KimAbstract:Sediments of Yellow Sea Dumping sites (YSDS) collected in 2015 were analyzed using the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method to assess the contamination and potential risk to the environment. Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn exhibited the most dominant residual fraction, whereas Cd was mostly in the exchangeable fraction and Pb in the reducible fraction. Cr contains a significant amount of oxidizable fraction in the Dumping area due to the Dumping of tannery sludge with high concentrations of Cr, mainly in the organic matter-bound form. The global contamination factor (GCF) showed that high non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb contributed considerably to contamination. Nevertheless, modified potential ecological risk index (MRI) suggested low ecological risk for metals in YSDS because of the low total content of Cd and the small mobile fraction of other metals.