Oceanography

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Le Traon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • from satellite altimetry to argo and operational Oceanography three revolutions in Oceanography
    Ocean Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Le Traon
    Abstract:

    The launch of the French/US mission Topex/Poseidon (T/P) (CNES/NASA) in August 1992 was the start of a revolution in Oceanography. For the first time, a very precise altimeter system optimized for large- scale sea level and ocean circulation observations was flying. T/P alone could not observe the mesoscale circulation. In the 1990s, the ESA satellites ERS-1/2 were flying simul- taneously with T/P. Together with my CLS colleagues, we demonstrated that we could use T/P as a reference mission for ERS-1/2 and bring the ERS-1/2 data to an accuracy level comparable to T/P. Near-real-time high-resolution global sea level anomaly maps were then derived. These maps have been operationally produced as part of the SSALTO/DUACS system for the last 15 yr. They are now widely used by the oceanographic community and have contributed to a much better understanding and recognition of the role and importance of mesoscale dynamics. Altimetry needs to be complemented with global in situ observations. At the end of the 90s, a major international initiative was launched to de- velop Argo, the global array of profiling floats. This has been an outstanding success. Argo floats now provide the most important in situ observations to monitor and understand the role of the ocean on the earth climate and for operational Oceanography. This is a second revolution in Oceanography. The unique capability of satellite altimetry to observe the global ocean in near-real-time at high resolution and the development of Argo were essential for the development of global operational Oceanography, the third revolution in Oceanography. The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) was instrumental in the development of the required capabilities. This paper provides an historical perspective on the development of these three revolutions in Oceanography which are very much interlinked. This is not an exhaustive review and I will mainly focus on the contributions we made together with many colleagues and friends.

Richard Hodson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Hilario Murua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Dudley B. Chelton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Physical Oceanography: A Brief Overview for Statisticians
    Statistical Science, 1994
    Co-Authors: Dudley B. Chelton
    Abstract:

    Physical Oceanography is the study of the physics of the ocean. As such, the discipline encompasses a very broad diversity of phenomena, ranging from the smallest space and time scales of order 1 second and 1 cm associated with vertical turbulent mixing, to the largest space and time scales of order centuries and 10,000 km associated with global climate variations. The processes occurring at different scales interact in very complicated ways. The multiscale characteristics of physical oceanographic data require sophisticated statistical analysis techniques to investigate a specific process and its interactions with other processes. Collaborative interactions between physical oceanographers and statisticians could potentially result in the development of new and innovative statistical techniques that could improve the present understanding of physical Oceanography. The Statistics and Physical Oceanography report reproduced in this volume represents one element of an effort by the Office of Naval Research to stimulate more collaborations between the two disciplines. This introduction to the report provides a framework for understanding the context of the report. For the benefit of statisticians with little or no prior exposure to physical Oceanography, this introduction also provides a brief survey of the general topics of physical oceanographic research, a description of the temporal and spatial scales of physical oceanographic data, and a summary of the demographics of physical oceanographers.

Eudriano F S Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.