Octane Number

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S. Mani Sarathy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Predicting Octane Number Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Artificial Neural Networks
    Energy & Fuels, 2018
    Co-Authors: Abdul Gani Abduljameel, Vincent C. O. Van Oudenhoven, Abdul-hamid Emwas, S. Mani Sarathy
    Abstract:

    Machine learning algorithms are attracting significant interest for predicting complex chemical phenomenon. In this work, a model to predict research Octane Number (RON) and motor Octane Number (MON) of pure hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon-ethanol blends, and gasoline–ethanol blends has been developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and molecular parameters from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RON and MON of 128 pure hydrocarbons, 123 hydrocarbon–ethanol blends of known composition, and 30 FACE (fuels for advanced combustion engines) gasoline–ethanol blends were utilized as a data set to develop the ANN model. The effect of weight percent of seven functional groups including paraffinic CH3 groups, paraffinic CH2 groups, paraffinic CH groups, olefinic −CH═CH2 groups, naphthenic CH–CH2 groups, aromatic C–CH groups, and ethanolic OH groups on RON and MON was studied. The effect of branching (i.e., methyl substitution), denoted by a parameter termed as branching index (BI), and molecular w...

  • Chemical Kinetic Insights into the Octane Number and Octane Sensitivity of Gasoline Surrogate Mixtures
    Energy & Fuels, 2017
    Co-Authors: Eshan Singh, Jihad Badra, Marco Mehl, S. Mani Sarathy
    Abstract:

    Gasoline Octane Number is a significant empirical parameter for the optimization and development of internal combustion engines capable of resisting knock. Although extensive databases and blending rules to estimate the Octane Numbers of mixtures have been developed and the effects of molecular structure on autoignition properties are somewhat understood, a comprehensive theoretical chemistry-based foundation for blending effects of fuels on engine operations is still to be developed. In this study, we present models that correlate the research Octane Number (RON) and motor Octane Number (MON) with simulated homogeneous gas-phase ignition delay times of stoichiometric fuel/air mixtures. These correlations attempt to bridge the gap between the fundamental autoignition behavior of the fuel (e.g., its chemistry and how reactivity changes with temperature and pressure) and engine properties such as its knocking behavior in a cooperative fuels research (CFR) engine. The study encompasses a total of 79 hydrocar...

K. Kumamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Proton NMR analysis of Octane Number for motor gasoline. Part II
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to predict the Octane Number of automobile gasoline containing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry was studied. Samples of gasoline whose Octane Numbers had been identified according to the ASTM standards (commercially available premium gasoline to which MTBE was added at rates of 7 vol % and 14 vol %) were used in this investigation of the effect of MTBE on the Octane Number. The findings were utilized to introduce a term regarding MTBE into the previously reported linear regression equation for estimating the Octane Number from the PMR spectrum, and the appropriateness of the linear regression equation was assessed. As a result, the MTBE contents in the samples were determined with satisfactory accuracy by using a standard addition method, and a linear regression equation reflecting the effect of MTBE was obtained. These achievements are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part V
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to predict the Octane Number of automobile gasoline containing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry was studied. Samples of gasoline whose Octane Numbers had been identified according to the ASTM standards (commercially available premium gasoline to which MTBE was added at rates of 7 vol % and 14 vol %) were used in this investigation of the effect of MTBE on the Octane Number. The findings were utilized to introduce a term regarding MTBE into the previously reported linear regression equation for estimating the Octane Number from the PMR spectrum, and the appropriateness of the linear regression equation was assessed. As a result, the MTBE contents in the samples were determined with satisfactory accuracy by using a standard addition method, and a linear regression equation reflecting the effect of MTBE was obtained. These achievements are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part III
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to evaluate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry has been studied. Twelve samples of marketed winter gasoline, whose Octane Numbers and compositions were identified according to the ASTM standards, and high-olefin gasoline were used to supplement the insufficient coverage of a previous report with additional data. Then, a linear regression equation regarding the relationship between the Octane Number and PMR data was prepared from the PMR spectra of the 21 samples used for the previous report, whose Octane Numbers were known, and the 12 samples used this time. Further, the appropriateness of the regression equation was assessed. This report concerns the results of a study in which the scope of the previous study, lacking sufficient data, has been supplemented with additional data to improve the accuracy of the visual estimation of the Octane Number using the pattern recognition method. Also, a linear regression equation was obtained and found useful for Octane Number estimation.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part II
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1991
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to evaluate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) has been developed. Twenty-one samples, ranging in Octane Number from 80 to 100, were produced by preparing different blends of gasoline bases, and the dispersion of each sample in a pattern space was examined by applying the display methods, among various pattern recognition methods, to its PMR spectrum. This report concerns the result of the study, which revealed that the Octane Number of a given type of automobile gasoline could be visually estimated from its PMR spectrum.

Abdulghani A. Al-farayedhi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of Octane Number on exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine
    International Journal of Energy Research, 2002
    Co-Authors: Abdulghani A. Al-farayedhi
    Abstract:

    This paper deals with the experimental study that aims to examine the effects of Octane Number of three different fuel oxygenates on exhaust emissions of a typical spark ignition engine. Three commonly used oxygenates, namely methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), methanol, and ethanol, which were blended with a base unleaded fuel in three ratios (10, 15 and 20 vol%), were investigated. The engine emissions of CO, HC, and NOx were measured under a variety of engine operating conditions using an engine dynamometer set-up. It is found that generally as the Octane Number of the fuel increases the CO and HC emissions decrease but the NOx emission increases for all three blends. Further, for the leaded fuel (RON of 92), as the speed of the engine increases the CO and NOx emissions decrease but the HC emission decreases. A similar trend was found for MTBE blends also. These emission results are presented in terms of Octane Number and their effects are discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

M. Ichikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Proton NMR analysis of Octane Number for motor gasoline. Part II
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to predict the Octane Number of automobile gasoline containing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry was studied. Samples of gasoline whose Octane Numbers had been identified according to the ASTM standards (commercially available premium gasoline to which MTBE was added at rates of 7 vol % and 14 vol %) were used in this investigation of the effect of MTBE on the Octane Number. The findings were utilized to introduce a term regarding MTBE into the previously reported linear regression equation for estimating the Octane Number from the PMR spectrum, and the appropriateness of the linear regression equation was assessed. As a result, the MTBE contents in the samples were determined with satisfactory accuracy by using a standard addition method, and a linear regression equation reflecting the effect of MTBE was obtained. These achievements are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part V
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to predict the Octane Number of automobile gasoline containing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry was studied. Samples of gasoline whose Octane Numbers had been identified according to the ASTM standards (commercially available premium gasoline to which MTBE was added at rates of 7 vol % and 14 vol %) were used in this investigation of the effect of MTBE on the Octane Number. The findings were utilized to introduce a term regarding MTBE into the previously reported linear regression equation for estimating the Octane Number from the PMR spectrum, and the appropriateness of the linear regression equation was assessed. As a result, the MTBE contents in the samples were determined with satisfactory accuracy by using a standard addition method, and a linear regression equation reflecting the effect of MTBE was obtained. These achievements are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part III
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to evaluate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry has been studied. Twelve samples of marketed winter gasoline, whose Octane Numbers and compositions were identified according to the ASTM standards, and high-olefin gasoline were used to supplement the insufficient coverage of a previous report with additional data. Then, a linear regression equation regarding the relationship between the Octane Number and PMR data was prepared from the PMR spectra of the 21 samples used for the previous report, whose Octane Numbers were known, and the 12 samples used this time. Further, the appropriateness of the regression equation was assessed. This report concerns the results of a study in which the scope of the previous study, lacking sufficient data, has been supplemented with additional data to improve the accuracy of the visual estimation of the Octane Number using the pattern recognition method. Also, a linear regression equation was obtained and found useful for Octane Number estimation.

  • Estimation of the Octane Number of Automobile Gasoline by Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectrometry
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori
    Abstract:

    A method to estimate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometry has been studied. Thirty-six kinds of regular gasoline and 38 of unleaded premium gasoline, collected from the market from winter to summer, were used as samples, and the absorptions of the C-H stretching vibration in the 3150-2800 cm−1 range of their IR spectra were used to plot each sample in a two-dimensional space, followed by an attempt to graphically classify the two broad types. On the other hand, the IR spectra of other samples with known Octane Numbers (88.0 to 100.8 in Octane Number) and, on that basis, samples with known Octane Numbers, were mapped into the space in which the regular gasolines and the premium gasolines were classified to determine their dispersion in this space. A further attempt was made to formulate a linear regression equation for use in Octane Number estimation. As a result, it was found that regular and premium gasolines could be definitely distinguished from each other according to the C-H stretching vibration in the 3150-2800 cm−1 near-infrared range, and that the Octane Number could be visually estimated. The formulation of a satisfactory regression equation was also made possible. These results are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part II
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1991
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to evaluate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) has been developed. Twenty-one samples, ranging in Octane Number from 80 to 100, were produced by preparing different blends of gasoline bases, and the dispersion of each sample in a pattern space was examined by applying the display methods, among various pattern recognition methods, to its PMR spectrum. This report concerns the result of the study, which revealed that the Octane Number of a given type of automobile gasoline could be visually estimated from its PMR spectrum.

S. Ishimori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Proton NMR analysis of Octane Number for motor gasoline. Part II
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to predict the Octane Number of automobile gasoline containing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry was studied. Samples of gasoline whose Octane Numbers had been identified according to the ASTM standards (commercially available premium gasoline to which MTBE was added at rates of 7 vol % and 14 vol %) were used in this investigation of the effect of MTBE on the Octane Number. The findings were utilized to introduce a term regarding MTBE into the previously reported linear regression equation for estimating the Octane Number from the PMR spectrum, and the appropriateness of the linear regression equation was assessed. As a result, the MTBE contents in the samples were determined with satisfactory accuracy by using a standard addition method, and a linear regression equation reflecting the effect of MTBE was obtained. These achievements are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part V
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to predict the Octane Number of automobile gasoline containing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry was studied. Samples of gasoline whose Octane Numbers had been identified according to the ASTM standards (commercially available premium gasoline to which MTBE was added at rates of 7 vol % and 14 vol %) were used in this investigation of the effect of MTBE on the Octane Number. The findings were utilized to introduce a term regarding MTBE into the previously reported linear regression equation for estimating the Octane Number from the PMR spectrum, and the appropriateness of the linear regression equation was assessed. As a result, the MTBE contents in the samples were determined with satisfactory accuracy by using a standard addition method, and a linear regression equation reflecting the effect of MTBE was obtained. These achievements are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part III
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, H. Amano, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to evaluate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry has been studied. Twelve samples of marketed winter gasoline, whose Octane Numbers and compositions were identified according to the ASTM standards, and high-olefin gasoline were used to supplement the insufficient coverage of a previous report with additional data. Then, a linear regression equation regarding the relationship between the Octane Number and PMR data was prepared from the PMR spectra of the 21 samples used for the previous report, whose Octane Numbers were known, and the 12 samples used this time. Further, the appropriateness of the regression equation was assessed. This report concerns the results of a study in which the scope of the previous study, lacking sufficient data, has been supplemented with additional data to improve the accuracy of the visual estimation of the Octane Number using the pattern recognition method. Also, a linear regression equation was obtained and found useful for Octane Number estimation.

  • Estimation of the Octane Number of Automobile Gasoline by Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectrometry
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori
    Abstract:

    A method to estimate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometry has been studied. Thirty-six kinds of regular gasoline and 38 of unleaded premium gasoline, collected from the market from winter to summer, were used as samples, and the absorptions of the C-H stretching vibration in the 3150-2800 cm−1 range of their IR spectra were used to plot each sample in a two-dimensional space, followed by an attempt to graphically classify the two broad types. On the other hand, the IR spectra of other samples with known Octane Numbers (88.0 to 100.8 in Octane Number) and, on that basis, samples with known Octane Numbers, were mapped into the space in which the regular gasolines and the premium gasolines were classified to determine their dispersion in this space. A further attempt was made to formulate a linear regression equation for use in Octane Number estimation. As a result, it was found that regular and premium gasolines could be definitely distinguished from each other according to the C-H stretching vibration in the 3150-2800 cm−1 near-infrared range, and that the Octane Number could be visually estimated. The formulation of a satisfactory regression equation was also made possible. These results are reported.

  • Proton NMR Analysis of Octane Number for Motor Gasoline: Part II
    Applied Spectroscopy, 1991
    Co-Authors: M. Ichikawa, N. Nonaka, I. Takada, S. Ishimori, H. Andoh, K. Kumamoto
    Abstract:

    A method to evaluate the Octane Number of automobile gasoline by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) has been developed. Twenty-one samples, ranging in Octane Number from 80 to 100, were produced by preparing different blends of gasoline bases, and the dispersion of each sample in a pattern space was examined by applying the display methods, among various pattern recognition methods, to its PMR spectrum. This report concerns the result of the study, which revealed that the Octane Number of a given type of automobile gasoline could be visually estimated from its PMR spectrum.

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