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R. Shane Tubbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Duplication of the Odontoid Process with other congenital defects of the craniocervical Junction: case report and review of the literature.
Anatomy & cell biology, 2020Co-Authors: Tyler Zeoli, Joe Iwanaga, Cuong J. Bui, Aaron S. Dumont, R. Shane TubbsAbstract:Duplication of the Odontoid Process remains a rare developmental pathology that is underrepresented in the current literature. As the pivot point for the craniovertebral junction, the Odontoid Process is vital for the integrity of the atlanto-axial joint and the ability of the head and cervical spine to rotate correctly. The pathogenesis being incompletely understood, it has been proposed that Odontoid Process duplication involves faulty sclerotome migration and disruption of the axis ossification center. Patients presenting with this pathology usually have associated structural abnormalities. A detailed anatomical and embryological understanding of the Odontoid Process is necessary for successful management and treatment of patients presenting with Odontoid Process duplication. We present a rare case of a patient with a duplicated Odontoid Process in association with C2-C3 fusion, incomplete anterior arch of C1, variant inferior bony Process of the transverse Process of C1, and enlarged right jugular foramen.
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The Odontoid Process
Childs Nervous System, 2020Co-Authors: R. Shane TubbsAbstract:The Odontoid Process was once thought to be a displaced body of the atlas but is now believed to have separated from the anterior part of the atlas between the sixth and seventh week of gestation and to have migrated caudally to fuse with the body of the axis. The fully formed Odontoid Process is toothlike/peg shaped with a curved superior surface and deviates slightly to the left or right in approximately 14–26% of the population. The Odontoid may also be retroflexed, and this has been found to be more common in individuals with the Chiari I malformation.
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Internal Morphology of the Odontoid Process: Anatomic and Imaging Study With Application to C2 Fractures
World neurosurgery, 2019Co-Authors: Skyler Jenkins, Marios Loukas, Joe Iwanaga, Stephen J. Bordes, Islam Aly, Shiveindra Jeyamohan, Basem Ishak, R. Shane TubbsAbstract:Objective Fracture of the Odontoid Process is a critical injury to diagnose and often treat. The aim of this anatomic study was to present a comprehensive understanding of this part of the C2 vertebra. Methods We used 20 C2 vertebrae. Samples underwent imaging (computed tomography [CT] with and without three-dimensional reconstruction, micro-CT, 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging) and sagittal and coronal sectioning using a bone saw. Sectioned specimens were imaged under a digital handheld microscope, and transillumination of the bone was used to highlight its internal trabecular pattern. Three samples underwent infusion of the Odontoid Process with a hardening substance and were then decalcified. Results Internal trabecular patterns of the Odontoid Process of all specimens were discernible. In sagittal and coronal sections, trabecular patterns were highlighted with transillumination, but the patterns were much clearer using the digital microscope. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT provided the least detail of the imaging methods, but the trabecular patterns could be identified. Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT data was the preferred imaging method over magnetic resonance imaging and CT without three-dimensional reconstruction. The most distinct trabecular and cortical patterns were seen using micro-CT. Osteoporosis was seen in 2 specimens (10%). Five specimens (25%) were found to have a subdental synchondrosis. For most specimens, the trabeculae were found throughout the Odontoid Process. Conclusions Improved knowledge of the anatomy, structural composition, and variations within the C2 vertebra may allow for better treatment options and patient care.
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A new superficial landmark for the Odontoid Process: a cadaveric study
Anatomical Science International, 2017Co-Authors: Christian Fisahn, Michael J. Montalbano, Marc Moisi, Marios Loukas, Joe Iwanaga, Jens R Chapman, Rod J. Oskouian, R. Shane TubbsAbstract:When image guidance is not available or when there is a need to confirm the findings of such technology, superficial landmarks can still play a role in providing surgeons with estimations of the position of deeper anatomical structures. To our knowledge, surface landmarks for the position of the Odontoid Process have not been investigated. We have therefore performed an anatomical study to investigate such a landmark. One-centimeter metallic rods were placed on the philtrum of the upper lip of 20 cadaveric head specimens. To assess the position relative to the Odontoid Process, we took lateral and anteroposterior radiographs and recorded the measurements. Descriptive findings from radiographic observations indicated a reasonable approximation between the philtrum and the midpoint of the Odontoid Process. Based on our results, we suggest that the philtrum of the upper lip can serve as a first line estimation of the position of the Odontoid Process and can assist in verifying this bony structure following the use of image guidance.
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The Odontoid Process: a comprehensive review of its anatomy, embryology, and variations
Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2015Co-Authors: Seleipiri Akobo, Marios Loukas, Jens R Chapman, Rod J. Oskouian, Elias Rizk, R. Shane TubbsAbstract:Background The Odontoid Process is a critical component of the cranio-cervical junction. Therefore, clinicians who diagnose, treat, or operate this region need a strong background in regard to the embryology, anatomy, and anatomical variations that may be seen for the Odontoid Process.
K Satomi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis.
Spine, 1992Co-Authors: Y Toyama, K Hirabayashi, Y Fujimura, K SatomiAbstract:Six cases of spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Fifty-one patients with atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis underwent surgery between 1981 and 1990. This included six patients (in 10%) who had subluxation accompanied by fracture of the Odontoid without apparent trauma. The mean patient age was 58 years and all had a long history of rheumatoid arthritis
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Spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis.
Spine, 1992Co-Authors: Y Toyama, K Hirabayashi, Y Fujimura, K SatomiAbstract:Six cases of spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Fifty-one patients with atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis underwent surgery between 1981 and 1990. This included six patients (in 10%) who had subluxation accompanied by fracture of the Odontoid without apparent trauma. The mean patient age was 58 years and all had a long history of rheumatoid arthritis. No trauma was considered to be the cause of the fracture. This is a fracture caused by erosion and osteoporosis of the Odontoid Process due to rheumatoid synovitis, aging and steroid therapy. In addition, another cause is a dynamic load produced from the instability accompanying atlantoaxial subluxation working on the Odontoid in cervical extension. It is important remember that the Odontoid Process is susceptible to spontaneous fracture.
Y Toyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis.
Spine, 1992Co-Authors: Y Toyama, K Hirabayashi, Y Fujimura, K SatomiAbstract:Six cases of spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Fifty-one patients with atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis underwent surgery between 1981 and 1990. This included six patients (in 10%) who had subluxation accompanied by fracture of the Odontoid without apparent trauma. The mean patient age was 58 years and all had a long history of rheumatoid arthritis
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Spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis.
Spine, 1992Co-Authors: Y Toyama, K Hirabayashi, Y Fujimura, K SatomiAbstract:Six cases of spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Fifty-one patients with atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis underwent surgery between 1981 and 1990. This included six patients (in 10%) who had subluxation accompanied by fracture of the Odontoid without apparent trauma. The mean patient age was 58 years and all had a long history of rheumatoid arthritis. No trauma was considered to be the cause of the fracture. This is a fracture caused by erosion and osteoporosis of the Odontoid Process due to rheumatoid synovitis, aging and steroid therapy. In addition, another cause is a dynamic load produced from the instability accompanying atlantoaxial subluxation working on the Odontoid in cervical extension. It is important remember that the Odontoid Process is susceptible to spontaneous fracture.
V. S. Nikolaou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphometric analysis of the Odontoid Process: using computed tomography—in the Greek population
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 2016Co-Authors: D.s. Korres, J. Lazaretos, J. Papailiou, E. Kyriakopoulos, D. Chytas, N. E. Efstathopoulos, V. S. NikolaouAbstract:Aim A morphometric analysis of the Odontoid Process of the A2 vertebra, in the Greek population, was conducted using CT scan. We aimed to determine the feasibility to use one or two screws when treating fractures of this anatomic element. Patients and methods One hundred and fifteen patients (57 men) of a mean age of 48 years (16–95 years) underwent a cervical spine CT scan examination. The anterior–posterior and transverse diameters of the Odontoid Process were measured from the base, at 1-mm interval upward on axial CT images. The length from the tip of the Odontoid Process to the anterior–inferior angle of the body of the axis was calculated. Data concerning the height and weight of the examined patients were collected. Results The mean transverse and anterior–posterior distances were found to be 11.46 and 10.45 mm, respectively, for the upper end of the Odontoid Process. At the neck level of the Odontoid Process, the equivalent mean values were 11.12 and 8.73 mm, respectively, while at the base, these distances were found to be 13.84 and 12.3 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the tip of the Odontoid to its base was 17.25 and 17.28 mm, respectively, while the mean distance from the tip of the dens to the anterior–inferior corner of the axis’ body was 39.2 mm. Men showed greater values than women. Conclusions In this study, it was shown that in the Greek population there is enough room for one 4.5-mm or one 3.5-mm cannulated screw to be used. The application of two 3.5-mm screws is feasible in 58.6 % of the male and 26.3 % of the female population. This confirms that the knowledge of the true dimensions of the Odontoid Process is of paramount importance before the proper management of fractured dens using the anterior screw technique.
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morphometric analysis of the Odontoid Process using computed tomography in the greek population
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, 2016Co-Authors: Dimitrios S Korres, J. Lazaretos, J. Papailiou, E. Kyriakopoulos, D. Chytas, N. E. Efstathopoulos, V. S. NikolaouAbstract:Aim A morphometric analysis of the Odontoid Process of the A2 vertebra, in the Greek population, was conducted using CT scan. We aimed to determine the feasibility to use one or two screws when treating fractures of this anatomic element.
Y Fujimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis.
Spine, 1992Co-Authors: Y Toyama, K Hirabayashi, Y Fujimura, K SatomiAbstract:Six cases of spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Fifty-one patients with atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis underwent surgery between 1981 and 1990. This included six patients (in 10%) who had subluxation accompanied by fracture of the Odontoid without apparent trauma. The mean patient age was 58 years and all had a long history of rheumatoid arthritis
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Spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis.
Spine, 1992Co-Authors: Y Toyama, K Hirabayashi, Y Fujimura, K SatomiAbstract:Six cases of spontaneous fracture of the Odontoid Process in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Fifty-one patients with atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis underwent surgery between 1981 and 1990. This included six patients (in 10%) who had subluxation accompanied by fracture of the Odontoid without apparent trauma. The mean patient age was 58 years and all had a long history of rheumatoid arthritis. No trauma was considered to be the cause of the fracture. This is a fracture caused by erosion and osteoporosis of the Odontoid Process due to rheumatoid synovitis, aging and steroid therapy. In addition, another cause is a dynamic load produced from the instability accompanying atlantoaxial subluxation working on the Odontoid in cervical extension. It is important remember that the Odontoid Process is susceptible to spontaneous fracture.
