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Peter Verhaert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nigrocin 2 peptides from chinese Odorrana frogs integration of uplc ms ms with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis
FEBS Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Geisa Evaristo, Pingfan Rao, Martijn W. H. Pinkse, Min Wang, Xiaofeng Jiang, Peter VerhaertAbstract:Peptidomics is a powerful set of tools for the identification, structural elucidation and discovery of novel regulatory peptides and for monitoring the degradation pathways of structurally and catalytically important proteins. Amphibian skin secretions, arising from specialized granular glands, often contain complex peptidomes containing many components of entirely novel structure and unique site-substituted analogues of known peptide families. Following the discovery that the granular gland transcriptome is present in such secretions in a PCR-amenable form, we designed a strategy for peptide structural characterization involving the integration of 'shotgun' cloning of cDNAs encoding peptide precursors, deduction of putative bioactive peptide structures, and confirmation of these structures using tandem MS/MS sequencing. Here, we illustrate this strategy by means of elucidation of the primary structures of nigrocin-2 homologues from the defensive skin secretions of four species of Chinese Odorrana frogs, O. schmackeri, O. livida, O. hejiangensis and O. versabilis. Synthetic replicates of the peptides were found to possess antimicrobial activity. Nigrocin-2 peptides occur widely in the skin secretions of Asian ranid frogs and in those of the Odorrana group, and are particularly well-represented and of diverse structure in some species. Integration of the molecular analytical technologies described provides a means for rapid structural characterization of novel peptides from complex natural libraries in the absence of systematic online database information.
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Nigrocin-2 peptides from Chinese Odorrana frogs – integration of UPLC/MS/MS with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis
FEBS Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Geisa Evaristo, Pingfan Rao, Martijn W. H. Pinkse, Min Wang, Xiaofeng Jiang, Peter VerhaertAbstract:Peptidomics is a powerful set of tools for the identification, structural elucidation and discovery of novel regulatory peptides and for monitoring the degradation pathways of structurally and catalytically important proteins. Amphibian skin secretions, arising from specialized granular glands, often contain complex peptidomes containing many components of entirely novel structure and unique site-substituted analogues of known peptide families. Following the discovery that the granular gland transcriptome is present in such secretions in a PCR-amenable form, we designed a strategy for peptide structural characterization involving the integration of ‘shotgun’ cloning of cDNAs encoding peptide precursors, deduction of putative bioactive peptide structures, and confirmation of these structures using tandem MS/MS sequencing. Here, we illustrate this strategy by means of elucidation of the primary structures of nigrocin-2 homologues from the defensive skin secretions of four species of Chinese Odorrana frogs, O. schmackeri, O. livida, O. hejiangensis and O. versabilis. Synthetic replicates of the peptides were found to possess antimicrobial activity. Nigrocin-2 peptides occur widely in the skin secretions of Asian ranid frogs and in those of the Odorrana group, and are particularly well-represented and of diverse structure in some species. Integration of the molecular analytical technologies described provides a means for rapid structural characterization of novel peptides from complex natural libraries in the absence of systematic online database information.
Jianping Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogeography, speciation and demographic history: Contrasting evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear markers of the Odorrana graminea sensu lato (Anura, Ranidae) in China
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Zhuo Chen, Jianping Jiang, Xiaofei Zhai, Rongchuan Xiong, Yanjun Zhu, Qiuya Wang, Xiaohong ChenAbstract:Understanding the process of speciation and the factors driving the geographical distribution patterns of species is of great interest in ecology and evolutionary biology. Herein, we investigated the phylogeographic patterns, speciation, demographic history and genetic structure of the widespread endemic Odorrana graminea sensu lato in Southern China and adjacent areas. A total of 439 specimens from 68 localities were sequenced and analyzed for both mitochondrial (12S and 16S rRNA) and nuclear markers (RAG-1 and ten microsatellite loci). Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated mtDNA data revealed five major highly divergent lineages within the O. graminea sensu lato in Southern China, and these divergent lineages were highly concordant with five geographical regions. The nuclear data showed a discordant genetic structure compared to the mtDNA lineages (Clades A, B, and C) for O. graminea sensu stricto, with an admixed pattern in the RAG-1 data and two structure clusters in the microsatellite data. The species delimitation analyses, based on three methods, supported the species status of Odorrana zhaoi and Odorrana rotodora, and revealed the existence of putative cryptic species in the O. graminea sensu stricto. In addition, one statistically significant gene flow event was detected from Clade B to Clade C based on mtDNA and RAG-1 data, and the microsatellite data suggested gene flow within the O. graminea sensu stricto. Bayesian skyline plotting analyses and ecological niche modeling supported demographic and range expansions during the LGM for Clades A and C of the O. graminea sensu stricto. In addition, ecological niche models suggested the existence of ecological divergence among the three Clades (Clades A, B and C) of the O. graminea sensu stricto. The intense uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Quaternary climate oscillations, and drainage changes may have driven the speciation, genetic structure and phylogeoraphic patterns of the O. graminea sensu lato.
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Population genetic diversity of an odorous frog Odorrana grahami (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) in relation to conservation based on mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 2018Co-Authors: Guiying Chen, Jianping Jiang, Jiongyu Liu, Bin Wang, Ping GaoAbstract:The diskless-fingered odorous frog Odorrana grahami is widely distributed in the high-altitude mountains in the southwestern China and northern Indochina regions. In this study, a comparative analy...
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A new species of the odorous frog genus Odorrana (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) from southwestern China.
PeerJ, 2018Co-Authors: Jianping Jiang, Gang Wei, Bin WangAbstract:The genus Odorrana is widely distributed in the mountains of East and Southeastern Asia. An increasing number of new species in the genus have been recognized especially in the last decade. Phylogenetic studies of the O. schmackeri species complex with wide distributional range also revealed several cryptic species. Here, we describe a new species in the species complex from Guizhou Province of China. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA indicated the new species as a monophyly clustered into the Odorrana clade and sister to O. schmackeri, and nuclear DNA also indicated it as an independent lineage separated from its related species. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from its congeners based on a combination of the following characters: (1) having smaller body size in males (snout-vent length (SVL)
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a new species of the odorous frog genus Odorrana amphibia anura ranidae from southwestern china
PeerJ, 2018Co-Authors: Jianping Jiang, Gang Wei, Bin WangAbstract:The genus Odorrana is widely distributed in the mountains of East and Southeastern Asia. An increasing number of new species in the genus have been recognized especially in the last decade. Phylogenetic studies of the O. schmackeri species complex with wide distributional range also revealed several cryptic species. Here, we describe a new species in the species complex from Guizhou Province of China. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA indicated the new species as a monophyly clustered into the Odorrana clade and sister to O. schmackeri, and nuclear DNA also indicated it as an independent lineage separated from its related species. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from its congeners based on a combination of the following characters: (1) having smaller body size in males (snout-vent length (SVL) <43.3 mm); (2) head longer than wide; (3) dorsolateral folds absent; (4) tympanum of males large and distinct, tympanum diameter twice as long as width of distal phalanx of finger III; (5) two metacarpal tubercles; (6) relative finger lengths: II < I < IV < III; (7) tibiotarsal articulation reaching to the level between eye to nostril when leg stretched forward; (8) disks on digits with circum-marginal grooves; (9) toes fully webbed to disks; (10) the first subarticular tubercle on fingers weak; (11) having white pectoral spinules, paired subgular vocal sacs located at corners of throat, light yellow nuptial pad on the first finger in males.
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Skin innate immunity of diskless-fingered odorous frogs (Odorrana grahami) with spatial-temporal variations
Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Jiongyu Liu, Guiying Chen, Bin Wang, Zhenyong Chen, Jianping JiangAbstract:The skin innate immunities of diskless-fingered odorous frogs (Odorrana grahami) from three populations were investigated. The antimicrobial capacities of skin secretions against the 60 representative environmental bacterial strains were evaluated using the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equivalents, which were defined as the volumes of antimicrobial solution just inhibiting the tested bacteria per 1 cm2 of surface area, from 0.06 to 9.10 mL/cm2. Our results revealed significantly different skin antimicrobial capacities among the three populations: Mianning
Masayuki Sumida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genotypicdata
2016Co-Authors: Takeshi Igawa, Masafumi Nozawa, Mai Nagaoka, Shohei Komaki, Shohei Oumi, Tamotsu Fujii, Masayuki SumidaAbstract:Genotypic data of Odorrana narina complex in Convert file format (plain text)
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Microsatellite Marker Development by Multiplex Ion Torrent PGM Sequencing: a Case Study of the Endangered Odorrana narina Complex of Frogs
Journal of Heredity, 2014Co-Authors: Takeshi Igawa, Masafumi Nozawa, Mai Nagaoka, Shohei Komaki, Shohei Oumi, Tamotsu Fujii, Masayuki SumidaAbstract:The endangered Ryukyu tip-nosed frog Odorrana narina and its related species, Odorrana amamiensis, Odorrana supranarina, and Odorrana utsunomiyaorum, belong to the family Ranidae and are endemically distributed in Okinawa (O. narina), Amami and Tokunoshima (O. amamiensis), and Ishigaki and Iriomote (O. supranarina and O. utsunomiyaorum) Islands. Because of varying distribution patterns, this species complex is an intrinsic model for speciation and adaptation. For effective conservation and molecular ecological studies, further genetic information is needed. For rapid, cost-effective development of several microsatellite markers for these and 2 other species, we used next-generation sequencing technology of Ion Torrent PGM™. Distribution patterns of repeat motifs of microsatellite loci in these modern frog species (Neobatrachia) were similarly skewed. We isolated and characterized 20 new microsatellite loci of O. narina and validated cross-amplification in the three-related species. Seventeen, 16, and 13 loci were cross-amplified in O. amamiensis, O. supranarina, and O. utsunomiyaorum, respectively, reflecting close genetic relationships between them. Mean number of alleles and expected heterozygosity of newly isolated loci varied depending on the size of each inhabited island. Our findings suggested the suitability of Ion Torrent PGM™ for microsatellite marker development. The new markers developed for the O. narina complex will be applicable in conservation genetics and molecular ecological studies.
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Mitochondrial genomes of Japanese Babina frogs (Ranidae, Anura): unique gene arrangements and the phylogenetic position of genus Babina.
Genes & Genetic Systems, 2013Co-Authors: Ryosuke Kakehashi, Shohei Oumi, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Seiki Katsuren, Masaki Hoso, Masayuki SumidaAbstract:Genus Babina is a member of Ranidae, a large family of frogs, currently comprising 10 species. Three of them are listed as endangered species. To identify mi tochondrial (mt) genes suitable for future population genetic analyses for endangered species, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the mt genomes of 3 endangered Japanese Babina frogs, B. holsti, B. okinavana, and B. subaspera and 1 ranid frog Lithobates catesbeianus. The genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) and the control region (CR) were found to have high sequence divergences and to be usable for population genetics studies. At present, no consensus on the phylogenetic position of genus Babina h as been reached. To resolve this problem, we performed molecular phylogenetic analyses with the largest dataset used to date (11,345 bp from 2 ribosomal RNA- and 13 proteinencoding genes) in studies dealing with Babina phylogeny. These analyses re vealed monophyly of Babina and Odorrana. It is well known that mt gene rearrangements of animals can provide usable phylogenetic information. Thus, we a lso compared the mt gene arrangements among Babina species and other related genera. Of the surveyed species, only L . catesbeianus manifested typical neobatrachian-type mt gene organization. In the B. okinavana, an additional pseudogene of tRNA-His (trnH) was observed in the CR downstream region. Furthermore, in th e B. holsti and B. subaspera, the trnH/nad5 block was translocated from its typical position to the CR downstream region, and the translocated trn H became a pseudogene. The position of the trn H pseudogene is consistent with the translocated trn H position reported in Odorrana. Consequently, the trn H rearrangement seems to be a common ancestry characteristic (synapomorphy) of Babina an d Odorrana. Based on the “duplication and deletion” gene rearrangement model, a s ingle genomic duplication event can explain the order of derived mt genes found in Babina and Odorrana.
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Isolation and characterization of twelve microsatellite loci of endangered Ishikawa’s frog (Odorrana ishikawae)
Conservation Genetics Resources, 2011Co-Authors: Takeshi Igawa, Shohei Oumi, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Seiki Katsuren, Masaru Okuda, Tetsuya Umino, Masayuki SumidaAbstract:Due to an originally small distribution range and over-exploitation of primary forest, Ishikawa’s frog ( Odorrana ishikawae ) has been steadily declining in number. For effective conservation of this species, a greater amount of genetic information of this species is needed. Here, we isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite loci of O. ishikawae using two different methods. Loci were screened from two populations on the Amami (N = 44) and Okinawa (N = 9) Islands. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 30, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.922. Notably, high F _ ST values for all examined loci were observed between the two populations. Taken together, our findings suggest that these novel loci will be applicable for conservation genetic studies across varying scales.
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Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the endangered frog Odorrana ishikawae.
Peptides, 2011Co-Authors: Eiko Iwakoshi-ukena, Tamotsu Fujii, Kazuyoshi Ukena, Aiko Okimoto, Miyuki Soga, Genya Okada, Naomi Sano, Yoshiaki Sugawara, Masayuki SumidaAbstract:The endangered anuran species, Odorrana ishikawae, is endemic to only two small Japanese Islands, Amami and Okinawa. To assess the innate immune system in this frog, we investigated antimicrobial peptides in the skin using artificially bred animals. Nine novel antimicrobial peptides containing the C-terminal cyclic heptapeptide domain were isolated on the basis of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The peptides were members of the esculentin-1 (two peptides), esculentin-2 (one peptide), palustrin-2 (one peptide), brevinin-2 (three peptides) and nigrocin-2 (two peptides) antimicrobial peptide families. They were named esculentin-1ISa, esculentin-1ISb, esculentin-2ISa, palustrin-2ISa, brevinin-2ISa, brevinin-2ISb, brevinin-2ISc, nigrocin-2ISa and nigrocin-2ISb. Peptide primary structures suggest a close relationship with the Asian odorous frogs, Odorrana grahami and Odorrana hosii. These antimicrobial peptides possessed a broad-spectrum of growth inhibition against five microorganisms (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans). Nine different cDNAs encoding the precursor proteins were also cloned and showed that the precursor proteins exhibited a signal peptide, an N-terminal acidic spacer domain, a Lys-Arg processing site and an antimicrobial peptide at the C-terminus.
Pingfan Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nigrocin 2 peptides from chinese Odorrana frogs integration of uplc ms ms with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis
FEBS Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Geisa Evaristo, Pingfan Rao, Martijn W. H. Pinkse, Min Wang, Xiaofeng Jiang, Peter VerhaertAbstract:Peptidomics is a powerful set of tools for the identification, structural elucidation and discovery of novel regulatory peptides and for monitoring the degradation pathways of structurally and catalytically important proteins. Amphibian skin secretions, arising from specialized granular glands, often contain complex peptidomes containing many components of entirely novel structure and unique site-substituted analogues of known peptide families. Following the discovery that the granular gland transcriptome is present in such secretions in a PCR-amenable form, we designed a strategy for peptide structural characterization involving the integration of 'shotgun' cloning of cDNAs encoding peptide precursors, deduction of putative bioactive peptide structures, and confirmation of these structures using tandem MS/MS sequencing. Here, we illustrate this strategy by means of elucidation of the primary structures of nigrocin-2 homologues from the defensive skin secretions of four species of Chinese Odorrana frogs, O. schmackeri, O. livida, O. hejiangensis and O. versabilis. Synthetic replicates of the peptides were found to possess antimicrobial activity. Nigrocin-2 peptides occur widely in the skin secretions of Asian ranid frogs and in those of the Odorrana group, and are particularly well-represented and of diverse structure in some species. Integration of the molecular analytical technologies described provides a means for rapid structural characterization of novel peptides from complex natural libraries in the absence of systematic online database information.
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Nigrocin-2 peptides from Chinese Odorrana frogs – integration of UPLC/MS/MS with molecular cloning in amphibian skin peptidome analysis
FEBS Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Geisa Evaristo, Pingfan Rao, Martijn W. H. Pinkse, Min Wang, Xiaofeng Jiang, Peter VerhaertAbstract:Peptidomics is a powerful set of tools for the identification, structural elucidation and discovery of novel regulatory peptides and for monitoring the degradation pathways of structurally and catalytically important proteins. Amphibian skin secretions, arising from specialized granular glands, often contain complex peptidomes containing many components of entirely novel structure and unique site-substituted analogues of known peptide families. Following the discovery that the granular gland transcriptome is present in such secretions in a PCR-amenable form, we designed a strategy for peptide structural characterization involving the integration of ‘shotgun’ cloning of cDNAs encoding peptide precursors, deduction of putative bioactive peptide structures, and confirmation of these structures using tandem MS/MS sequencing. Here, we illustrate this strategy by means of elucidation of the primary structures of nigrocin-2 homologues from the defensive skin secretions of four species of Chinese Odorrana frogs, O. schmackeri, O. livida, O. hejiangensis and O. versabilis. Synthetic replicates of the peptides were found to possess antimicrobial activity. Nigrocin-2 peptides occur widely in the skin secretions of Asian ranid frogs and in those of the Odorrana group, and are particularly well-represented and of diverse structure in some species. Integration of the molecular analytical technologies described provides a means for rapid structural characterization of novel peptides from complex natural libraries in the absence of systematic online database information.
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The Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog (Rana (Odorrana) versabilis) and North American Rana frogs share the same families of skin antimicrobial peptides.
Peptides, 2006Co-Authors: Pingfan Rao, Christopher ShawAbstract:Abstract The Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog ( Rana ( Odorrana ) versabilis ) and the North American pickerel frog ( Rana palustris ) occupy different ecological niches on two different continents with no overlap in geographical distribution. R. palustris skin secretions contain a formidable array of antimicrobial peptides including homologs of brevinin-1, esculentin-1, esculentin-2, ranatuerin-2, a temporin and a family of peptides considered of unique structural attributes when isolated, palustrins 1–3. Here we describe the structures of mature peptides and precursors of eight putative antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of the Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog ( Rana ( Odorrana ) versabilis ). Each peptide represents a structural homolog of respective peptide families isolated from R. palustris , including two peptides identical in primary structure to palustrin 1c and palustrin 3b. Additionally, two peptides were found to be structural homologs of ranatuerin 2B and ranatuerin 2P from the closely-related North American species, Rana berlandieri (the Rio Grande leopard frog) and Rana pipiens (the Northern leopard frog), respectively. Both palustrins and ranatuerins have hitherto been considered unique to North American ranid frogs. The use of primary structures of amphibian skin antimicrobial peptides is thus questionable as a taxonomic device or alternatively, the micro-evolution and/or ancestry of ranid frogs is more highly complex than previously thought.
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amphibian skin peptides and their corresponding cdnas from single lyophilized secretion samples identification of novel brevinins from three species of chinese frogs
Peptides, 2006Co-Authors: Tianbao Chen, Brian Walker, Mei Zhou, Pingfan Rao, C. ShawAbstract:Brevinins are peptides of 24 amino acid residues, originally isolated from the skin of the Oriental frog, Rana brevipoda porsa, by nature of their microbicidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against strains of pathogenic fungi. cDNA libraries were constructed from lyophilized skin secretion of three, unstudied species of Chinese frog, Odorrana schmackeri, Odorrana versabilis and Pelophylax plancyi fukienensis, using our recently developed technique. In this report, we describe the "shotgun" cloning of novel brevinins by means of 3'-RACE, using a "universal" degenerate primer directed towards a highly conserved nucleic acid sequence domain within the 5'-untranslated region of previously characterized frog skin peptide cDNAs. Novel brevinins, deduced from cloned cDNA open-reading frames, were subsequently identified as mature peptides in the same samples of respective species skin secretions. Bioinformatic analysis of both prepro-brevinin nucleic acid sequences and translated open-reading frame amino acid sequences revealed a highly conserved signal peptide domain and a hypervariable anti-microbial peptide-encoding domain. The experimental approach described here can thus rapidly provide robust structural data on skin anti-microbial peptides without harming the donor amphibians.
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Bradykinins and their cDNA from piebald odorous frog, Odorrana schmackeri, skin.
Peptides, 2003Co-Authors: Anthony J. Bjourson, Pingfan Rao, Guangxian Cai, Christopher ShawAbstract:Abstract Bradykinin, (des-Arg9)-bradykinin and bradykinyl-VAPAS, were identified in the skin secretion of the piebald odorous frog, Odorrana schmackeri. Using 3′- and 5′-RACE reactions, bradykinin precursor cDNA was cloned and found to contain an open-reading frame of 311 amino acid residues. The preprobradykinin was found to consist of a putative signal peptide of approximately 20 amino acid residues, followed by seven tandem repeat coding domains of 43–44 amino acids. Bradykinin and its C-terminal extended molecular form were encoded on this single precursor and could be generated by differential post-translational processing.
Christopher Shaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vasorelaxin: a novel arterial smooth muscle-relaxing eicosapeptide from the skin secretion of the Chinese piebald odorous frog (Odorrana schmackeri).
PLoS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Lei Wang, Mei Zhou, Tianbao Chen, Yan Lin, Chen Lin, Liang Chen, Brian Connolly, Yingqi Zhang, Christopher ShawAbstract:The defensive skin secretions of amphibians are a rich resource for the discovery of novel, bioactive peptides. Here we report the identification of a novel vascular smooth muscle-relaxing peptide, named vasorelaxin, from the skin secretion of the Chinese piebald odorous frog, Odorrana schmackeri. Vasorelaxin consists of 20 amino acid residues, SRVVKCSGFRPGSPDSREFC, with a disulfide-bridge between Cys-6 and Cys-20. The structure of its biosynthetic precursor was deduced from cloned skin cDNA and consists of 67 amino acid residues encoding a single copy of vasorelaxin (vasorelaxin, accession number: {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"HE860494","term_id":"429534177","term_text":"HE860494"}}HE860494). Synthetic vasorelaxin caused a profound relaxation of rat arterial smooth muscle with an EC50 of 6.76 nM.
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Lividins: Novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the Chinese Large Odorous frog, Rana (Odorrana) livida: Identification by “shotgun” cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.
Peptides, 2006Co-Authors: Mei Zhou, Brian Walker, Tianbao Chen, Christopher ShawAbstract:Odorous frogs of the sub-genus Odorrana are of oriental distribution, and are so called due to the foul smell of their defensive skin secretions released from specialized skin glands following stress or predator attack. Here we report the application of a "shotgun" skin secretion cDNA library cloning technique which can rapidly expedite identification of secretion bioactive peptides. From a library constructed from the skin secretion of the Large Chinese Odorous frog, Rana (Odorrana) livida, we have identified four novel peptides whose primary structures were deduced initially from cloned precursors. Subsequently, mature peptides were located in and structurally characterized from reverse phase HPLC fractions of skin secretion. Named lividins 1-4, these were found to be structural homologs of known antimicrobial peptide families from Rana frogs. Rapid identification of novel peptides can thus be rapidly achieved using this non-invasive, non-destructive technology and the extensive similarities revealed between antimicrobial peptide precursor organization and nucleic acid sequences would lend support to the hypothesis that they have a common ancestral origin.
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The Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog (Rana (Odorrana) versabilis) and North American Rana frogs share the same families of skin antimicrobial peptides.
Peptides, 2006Co-Authors: Pingfan Rao, Christopher ShawAbstract:Abstract The Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog ( Rana ( Odorrana ) versabilis ) and the North American pickerel frog ( Rana palustris ) occupy different ecological niches on two different continents with no overlap in geographical distribution. R. palustris skin secretions contain a formidable array of antimicrobial peptides including homologs of brevinin-1, esculentin-1, esculentin-2, ranatuerin-2, a temporin and a family of peptides considered of unique structural attributes when isolated, palustrins 1–3. Here we describe the structures of mature peptides and precursors of eight putative antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretion of the Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog ( Rana ( Odorrana ) versabilis ). Each peptide represents a structural homolog of respective peptide families isolated from R. palustris , including two peptides identical in primary structure to palustrin 1c and palustrin 3b. Additionally, two peptides were found to be structural homologs of ranatuerin 2B and ranatuerin 2P from the closely-related North American species, Rana berlandieri (the Rio Grande leopard frog) and Rana pipiens (the Northern leopard frog), respectively. Both palustrins and ranatuerins have hitherto been considered unique to North American ranid frogs. The use of primary structures of amphibian skin antimicrobial peptides is thus questionable as a taxonomic device or alternatively, the micro-evolution and/or ancestry of ranid frogs is more highly complex than previously thought.
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Bradykinins and their cDNA from piebald odorous frog, Odorrana schmackeri, skin.
Peptides, 2003Co-Authors: Anthony J. Bjourson, Pingfan Rao, Guangxian Cai, Christopher ShawAbstract:Abstract Bradykinin, (des-Arg9)-bradykinin and bradykinyl-VAPAS, were identified in the skin secretion of the piebald odorous frog, Odorrana schmackeri. Using 3′- and 5′-RACE reactions, bradykinin precursor cDNA was cloned and found to contain an open-reading frame of 311 amino acid residues. The preprobradykinin was found to consist of a putative signal peptide of approximately 20 amino acid residues, followed by seven tandem repeat coding domains of 43–44 amino acids. Bradykinin and its C-terminal extended molecular form were encoded on this single precursor and could be generated by differential post-translational processing.
