The Experts below are selected from a list of 753 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gunther Schauberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new empirical model to calculate separation distances between livestock buildings and residential areas applied to the austrian guideline to avoid Odour Nuisance
Atmospheric Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Gunther Schauberger, Martin Piringer, Olga Jovanovic, Erwin PetzAbstract:Abstract In Austria a new guideline is under development to calculate the separation distance between livestock and residential areas to avoid Odour annoyance. On the basis of dispersion model calculations for 6 sites by the Austrian Odour dispersion model (AODM) a regression model is developed, using a power function S = a Eb. The power function is defined by four input parameters. The basis of the power function is the Odour emission rate E (ouE s−1) in the range between 400 ouE s−1 ≤ E ≤ 24 000 ouE s−1. The factor a and the exponent b of the power function are defined by two meteorological parameters, the relative frequency of the wind direction F, the mean wind velocity W of the wind direction for 10° sectors as well as the Odour exceedance probability P of the Odour impact criterion. One of the requirements for this empirical model is the aspiration to substitute the complex calculation with a dispersion model by the new empirical model. The empirical model can be used in a paper and pencil mode, which enables an evaluation of a planned livestock building in a simple way. For a more detailed assessment, a dispersion model can be applied with the entire meteorological information (e.g., stability of the atmosphere, wind field models), the geometry of the emission source, a time depending Odour emission rate, and the orography of the site.
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empirical model derived from dispersion calculations to determine separation distances between livestock buildings and residential areas to avoid Odour Nuisance
Atmospheric Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Gunther Schauberger, Rainer Schmitzer, Martin Kamp, Andreas Sowa, Roman Koch, Wilfried Eckhof, Franziska Eichler, Ewald Grimm, Joachim Kypke, Eberhard HartungAbstract:Abstract A new VDI guideline is under development in Germany to calculate the separation distance S (m) required between livestock and residential areas to avoid Odour annoyance by an empirical model. On the basis of model calculations for 23 sites by a Lagrangian dispersion model (AUSTAL2000) a regression model was developed, using a power function S = aE b . The power function is defined by three input parameters which were restricted for an improved fit of the regression model. The basis of the power function is the Odour emission flow rate E (ou E s −1 ) in the range between 500 ou E s −1 ≤ E ≤ 50,000 ou E s −1 . The two other predictors are the relative frequency of the wind direction F (‰) of a 10° sector (10‰ ≤ F ≤ 60‰) and the Odour exceedance probability P (%) (7% ≤ P ≤ 40%) of the Odour impact criterion, which define the exponent b and the multiplicative factor a of the power function. One of the requirements for this empirical model was a conservative assessment, which results in only a 12% underestimation of the separation distance compared to the dispersion model. The model can be used in a “paper and pencil” mode, which enabling a simple and straightforward first evaluation of a planned livestock building. For a more detailed assessment, a dispersion model can be applied with the entire meteorological information available (e.g. stability of the atmosphere, wind velocity), the geometry of the emission source, a time dependant Odour emission rate, as well as the orography of the site.
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separation distance to avoid Odour Nuisance due to livestock calculated by the austrian Odour dispersion model aodm
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2001Co-Authors: Gunther Schauberger, Martin Piringer, Erwin PetzAbstract:Odour emission of livestock buildings is major burden for ambient residential areas. Using a dispersion model to calculate ambient Odour concentrations, the separation distance between livestock buildings and residential areas was defined by a pre-selected Odour threshold and an exceeding probability. The dynamic Austrian Odour dispersion model (AODM) was used to calculate the separation distance for several combinations of these two values, which represent the protection level of various land use categories. The AODM consists of three modules: (1) Odour release on the basis of a simulation model for the indoor climate of livestock buildings; (2) a regulatory dispersion model (Gauss) to calculate hourly or half-hourly ambient Odour concentrations; and (3) a fluctuation module, calculating the instantaneous Odour concentration, depending on wind velocity and stability of the atmosphere. The calculated separation distances for a pig fattening unit of 1000 heads were compared with empirical guide lines used in some countries (Austria, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands, USA). For most guide lines, the separation distances were smaller compared to the model calculation, except for the German guide line applied for non-agricultural areas. Odour sensation occurred predominantly around sunset, with neutral or slightly stable atmospheric stability. The presented AODM is a useful tool for regulatory purpose. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Jacek Namieśnik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a case study of Odour Nuisance evaluation in the context of integrated urban planning
Journal of Environmental Management, 2018Co-Authors: Joanna Badach, Tomasz Dymerski, Jacek Gebicki, Paulina Kolasinska, Malgorzata Paciorek, Wojciech Wojnowski, Malgorzata Dymnicka, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:Odour Nuisance poses a serious problem in many urban areas, yet its evaluation and mitigation is often omitted in the urban planning process. By identifying its range and spatio-temporal variations, it could be taken into consideration by planners in urban development strategies and land use decisions. The aim of the study was to present the application of Odour evaluation techniques in the improvement of the quality of life in the built environment. The problem of Odours is discussed in regard to human health, social aspects and current practices in the management of spatial development. The application possibilities of field olfactometry are demonstrated based on a case study of a municipal landfill which is a major source of Odour Nuisance for the adjacent areas. The results of Odour Nuisance measurements were field olfactometry combined with topographical and meteorological data. Using dispersion modelling (non-steady-state Lagrangian Gaussian puff model CALPUFF with dedicated meteorological pre-processor CALMET) it was possible to calculate Odour concentrations and to place the measured Odour concentrations in a specific spatial context. The obtained results were juxtaposed with local development strategies and discussed in the context of environmental-based planning. We suggest that Odour evaluation and dispersion modelling are valid tools in managing the dynamics of urban growth.
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complementary use of gcxgc tof ms and statistics for differentiation of variety in biosolid samples
Monatshefte Fur Chemie, 2018Co-Authors: Hubert Byliński, Tomasz Dymerski, Jacek Gebicki, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:Formation of biosolid cakes, which are one of the main wastes generated in wastewater treatment plants, is connected with emission of many hazardous chemical compounds, including odoriferous ones. To optimize particular processes of biosolid cake processing, it is necessary to assess chemical composition of the gas mixtures containing the compounds released from the cakes. The paper proposes application of two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC–TOF–MS) to identification of the compounds released from four main types of biosolid cakes and to quantitative determination of the markers characteristic for particular types of cake. Based on the analysis of variance, the following compounds, which could be potential markers of the investigated biosolid cakes, were selected: 1-propanol, 2-hexanone, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and organosulfur compounds (methanethiol, ethanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and diethyl disulfide). Theoretical Odour concentrations of four investigated types of biosolid cakes were determined, based on measured concentrations and olfactory thresholds of the aforementioned compounds. The highest concentration was revealed for a primary cake (634 ou/m3 ), whereas the lowest concentration was found for an excess cake (136 ou/m3 ) (ou/m3 —Odour unit per m3 ; one Odour unit is equivalent to collective Odour threshold of odorants mixture present in 1 m3 ). The proposed methodology allows preliminary evaluation of the Odour Nuisance markers connected with formation of the biosolid cakes, without a need for quantitative analysis of all determined compounds.
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Application of Electronic Nose to Ambient Air Quality Evaluation With Respect to Odour Nuisance in Vicinity of Municipal Landfills and Sewage Treatment
IGI Global, 2017Co-Authors: Jacek Gębicki, Hubert Byliński, Tomasz Dymerski, Paulina Kolasinska, Bartosz Szulczyński, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:This chapter contains information about application of the electronic nose type instruments to evaluation of ambient air Odour quality connected with such sectors of human activity as municipal landfills or sewage treatment plants. The authors present potential sources of emission from these sectors, characterize the chemical compounds responsible for presence of unpleasant Odours, describe the influence of those compounds on human health and related discomfort. Legal aspects pertaining to admissible Odour concentration levels in selected countries are also presented. The chapter describes instrumental and sensory methods utilized for determination of Odour concentration, Odour intensity, or hedonic quality. The chemical sensors potentially and currently employed in the electronic nose type devices are also characterized. Moreover, the future prospects of application of the electronic nose instruments to evaluation of ambient air with respect to Odour Nuisance are discussed.
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different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e nose type to evaluate ambient air quality with respect to Odour Nuisance in a vicinity of municipal processing plants
Sensors, 2017Co-Authors: Bartosz Szulczyński, Jacek Namieśnik, Tomasz Dymerski, Wojciech Wojnowski, Tomasz Wasilewski, Tomasz Majchrzak, Jacek GebickiAbstract:This review paper presents different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e-nose type to evaluate ambient air with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant Odour in a vicinity of municipal processing plants. An emphasis was put on the following applications of the electronic nose instruments: monitoring networks, remote controlled robots and drones as well as portable devices. Moreover, this paper presents commercially available sensors utilized in the electronic noses and characterized by the limit of quantification below 1 ppm v/v, which is close to the Odour threshold of some odorants. Additionally, information about bioelectronic noses being a possible alternative to electronic noses and their principle of operation and application potential in the field of air evaluation with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant Odour was provided.
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comparison of different types of electronic nose instruments for evaluation of Odour Nuisance from landfill
13th International Scientific Conference on Optical Sensors and Electronic Sensors, 2014Co-Authors: Jacek Gebicki, Tomasz Dymerski, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:The paper presents and compares the results of investigation on classification of atmospheric air samples collected in a vicinity of municipal landfill with respect to their Odour Nuisance. The research was conducted using a prototype of electronic nose instrument and a commercial electronic nose of Fast/Flash GC type – HERACLES II. The prototype was equipped with six semiconductor sensors of TGS type. Classification of the air samples with respect to the place of collection relative to the landfill was performed using quadratic discriminant function (QDA) supported with cross-validation method. More than 80% of the samples were correctly classified employing the analysis with HERACLES II. The prototype of electronic nose provided correct classification of 50% of the samples.
Erwin Petz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new empirical model to calculate separation distances between livestock buildings and residential areas applied to the austrian guideline to avoid Odour Nuisance
Atmospheric Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Gunther Schauberger, Martin Piringer, Olga Jovanovic, Erwin PetzAbstract:Abstract In Austria a new guideline is under development to calculate the separation distance between livestock and residential areas to avoid Odour annoyance. On the basis of dispersion model calculations for 6 sites by the Austrian Odour dispersion model (AODM) a regression model is developed, using a power function S = a Eb. The power function is defined by four input parameters. The basis of the power function is the Odour emission rate E (ouE s−1) in the range between 400 ouE s−1 ≤ E ≤ 24 000 ouE s−1. The factor a and the exponent b of the power function are defined by two meteorological parameters, the relative frequency of the wind direction F, the mean wind velocity W of the wind direction for 10° sectors as well as the Odour exceedance probability P of the Odour impact criterion. One of the requirements for this empirical model is the aspiration to substitute the complex calculation with a dispersion model by the new empirical model. The empirical model can be used in a paper and pencil mode, which enables an evaluation of a planned livestock building in a simple way. For a more detailed assessment, a dispersion model can be applied with the entire meteorological information (e.g., stability of the atmosphere, wind field models), the geometry of the emission source, a time depending Odour emission rate, and the orography of the site.
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separation distance to avoid Odour Nuisance due to livestock calculated by the austrian Odour dispersion model aodm
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2001Co-Authors: Gunther Schauberger, Martin Piringer, Erwin PetzAbstract:Odour emission of livestock buildings is major burden for ambient residential areas. Using a dispersion model to calculate ambient Odour concentrations, the separation distance between livestock buildings and residential areas was defined by a pre-selected Odour threshold and an exceeding probability. The dynamic Austrian Odour dispersion model (AODM) was used to calculate the separation distance for several combinations of these two values, which represent the protection level of various land use categories. The AODM consists of three modules: (1) Odour release on the basis of a simulation model for the indoor climate of livestock buildings; (2) a regulatory dispersion model (Gauss) to calculate hourly or half-hourly ambient Odour concentrations; and (3) a fluctuation module, calculating the instantaneous Odour concentration, depending on wind velocity and stability of the atmosphere. The calculated separation distances for a pig fattening unit of 1000 heads were compared with empirical guide lines used in some countries (Austria, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands, USA). For most guide lines, the separation distances were smaller compared to the model calculation, except for the German guide line applied for non-agricultural areas. Odour sensation occurred predominantly around sunset, with neutral or slightly stable atmospheric stability. The presented AODM is a useful tool for regulatory purpose. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Jacek Gebicki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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treatment of malodorous air in biotrickling filters a review
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Piotr Rybarczyk, Jacek Gebicki, Bartosz Szulczyński, Jan HupkaAbstract:Odour Nuisance, resulting mainly from the presence of the compounds containing osmophore group and characterized by low olfactory threshold, is associated with danger and may be the cause of negative psychosomatic symptoms. Among different methods of malodorous air treatment, biological methods are of importance, mainly due to reduced operating costs, high purification efficiency of voluminous gas streams characterized by low concentrations of odorants and minute secondary pollution. Recently, biotrickling filtration has been one of the most attractive biological technique of air deodorization. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art on biotrickling filtration and special attention is paid to the methods for evaluation of the process performance. The review presents the range of odorous chemical compounds that may be removed from air in BTFs, highlighting the strategies for the removal of hydrophobic odorous air pollutants. The paper is focused on the literature references regarding biotrickling filtration for the years 2010–2018.
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a case study of Odour Nuisance evaluation in the context of integrated urban planning
Journal of Environmental Management, 2018Co-Authors: Joanna Badach, Tomasz Dymerski, Jacek Gebicki, Paulina Kolasinska, Malgorzata Paciorek, Wojciech Wojnowski, Malgorzata Dymnicka, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:Odour Nuisance poses a serious problem in many urban areas, yet its evaluation and mitigation is often omitted in the urban planning process. By identifying its range and spatio-temporal variations, it could be taken into consideration by planners in urban development strategies and land use decisions. The aim of the study was to present the application of Odour evaluation techniques in the improvement of the quality of life in the built environment. The problem of Odours is discussed in regard to human health, social aspects and current practices in the management of spatial development. The application possibilities of field olfactometry are demonstrated based on a case study of a municipal landfill which is a major source of Odour Nuisance for the adjacent areas. The results of Odour Nuisance measurements were field olfactometry combined with topographical and meteorological data. Using dispersion modelling (non-steady-state Lagrangian Gaussian puff model CALPUFF with dedicated meteorological pre-processor CALMET) it was possible to calculate Odour concentrations and to place the measured Odour concentrations in a specific spatial context. The obtained results were juxtaposed with local development strategies and discussed in the context of environmental-based planning. We suggest that Odour evaluation and dispersion modelling are valid tools in managing the dynamics of urban growth.
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complementary use of gcxgc tof ms and statistics for differentiation of variety in biosolid samples
Monatshefte Fur Chemie, 2018Co-Authors: Hubert Byliński, Tomasz Dymerski, Jacek Gebicki, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:Formation of biosolid cakes, which are one of the main wastes generated in wastewater treatment plants, is connected with emission of many hazardous chemical compounds, including odoriferous ones. To optimize particular processes of biosolid cake processing, it is necessary to assess chemical composition of the gas mixtures containing the compounds released from the cakes. The paper proposes application of two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC–TOF–MS) to identification of the compounds released from four main types of biosolid cakes and to quantitative determination of the markers characteristic for particular types of cake. Based on the analysis of variance, the following compounds, which could be potential markers of the investigated biosolid cakes, were selected: 1-propanol, 2-hexanone, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and organosulfur compounds (methanethiol, ethanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and diethyl disulfide). Theoretical Odour concentrations of four investigated types of biosolid cakes were determined, based on measured concentrations and olfactory thresholds of the aforementioned compounds. The highest concentration was revealed for a primary cake (634 ou/m3 ), whereas the lowest concentration was found for an excess cake (136 ou/m3 ) (ou/m3 —Odour unit per m3 ; one Odour unit is equivalent to collective Odour threshold of odorants mixture present in 1 m3 ). The proposed methodology allows preliminary evaluation of the Odour Nuisance markers connected with formation of the biosolid cakes, without a need for quantitative analysis of all determined compounds.
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different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e nose type to evaluate ambient air quality with respect to Odour Nuisance in a vicinity of municipal processing plants
Sensors, 2017Co-Authors: Bartosz Szulczyński, Jacek Namieśnik, Tomasz Dymerski, Wojciech Wojnowski, Tomasz Wasilewski, Tomasz Majchrzak, Jacek GebickiAbstract:This review paper presents different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e-nose type to evaluate ambient air with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant Odour in a vicinity of municipal processing plants. An emphasis was put on the following applications of the electronic nose instruments: monitoring networks, remote controlled robots and drones as well as portable devices. Moreover, this paper presents commercially available sensors utilized in the electronic noses and characterized by the limit of quantification below 1 ppm v/v, which is close to the Odour threshold of some odorants. Additionally, information about bioelectronic noses being a possible alternative to electronic noses and their principle of operation and application potential in the field of air evaluation with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant Odour was provided.
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monitoring of Odour Nuisance from landfill using electronic nose
Chemical engineering transactions, 2014Co-Authors: Jacek Gebicki, Tomasz Dymerski, J NamiesnikAbstract:The paper presents the results of investigation on classification of atmospheric air samples collected in a vicinity of municipal landfill with respect to their Odour Nuisance. The research was conducted using a prototype of electronic nose instrument and a commercial electronic nose of Fast/Flash GC type –HERACLES II. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co.. Classification of the air samples with respect to the place of collection relative to the landfill was performed using linear discriminant function supported with cross-validation method. More than 70 % of the samples were correctly classified employing the analysis with HERACLES II. The prototype of electronic nose provided correct classification of 40 % of the samples.
Bartosz Szulczyński - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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treatment of malodorous air in biotrickling filters a review
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Piotr Rybarczyk, Jacek Gebicki, Bartosz Szulczyński, Jan HupkaAbstract:Odour Nuisance, resulting mainly from the presence of the compounds containing osmophore group and characterized by low olfactory threshold, is associated with danger and may be the cause of negative psychosomatic symptoms. Among different methods of malodorous air treatment, biological methods are of importance, mainly due to reduced operating costs, high purification efficiency of voluminous gas streams characterized by low concentrations of odorants and minute secondary pollution. Recently, biotrickling filtration has been one of the most attractive biological technique of air deodorization. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art on biotrickling filtration and special attention is paid to the methods for evaluation of the process performance. The review presents the range of odorous chemical compounds that may be removed from air in BTFs, highlighting the strategies for the removal of hydrophobic odorous air pollutants. The paper is focused on the literature references regarding biotrickling filtration for the years 2010–2018.
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Electronic nose – an instrument for Odour Nuisances monitoring
'EDP Sciences', 2019Co-Authors: Bartosz Szulczyński, Jacek GębickiAbstract:An increasingly frequent problem of people living in urban agglomerations is the occurrence of Odour Nuisance. Although the source of these Nuisances is different, their common feature is that they are a complex mixture of Odour compounds with different Odour thresholds. However, from a practical point of view, the most valuable would be a direct link between the Odour intensity and the results of on-line analytical air monitoring. Such a possibility is created by the use of electronic noses (devices that are supposed to imitate the human sense of smell) to measure Odours. The paper presents the use of an electronic nose combined with multiple liear regression model (MLR) to determine the Odour intensity of the two-component mixture samples of commonly known Odour compounds: trimethylamine (TMA) and triethylamine (TEA) in concentration range 50–200 ppm v/v. The obtained results were compared with the theoretical values determined using Zwaardemaker and euclidean additivity (EA) models. For high concentrations of substances in the mixtures (> 150 ppm v/v), the masking effect was observed
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Application of Electronic Nose to Ambient Air Quality Evaluation With Respect to Odour Nuisance in Vicinity of Municipal Landfills and Sewage Treatment
IGI Global, 2017Co-Authors: Jacek Gębicki, Hubert Byliński, Tomasz Dymerski, Paulina Kolasinska, Bartosz Szulczyński, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:This chapter contains information about application of the electronic nose type instruments to evaluation of ambient air Odour quality connected with such sectors of human activity as municipal landfills or sewage treatment plants. The authors present potential sources of emission from these sectors, characterize the chemical compounds responsible for presence of unpleasant Odours, describe the influence of those compounds on human health and related discomfort. Legal aspects pertaining to admissible Odour concentration levels in selected countries are also presented. The chapter describes instrumental and sensory methods utilized for determination of Odour concentration, Odour intensity, or hedonic quality. The chemical sensors potentially and currently employed in the electronic nose type devices are also characterized. Moreover, the future prospects of application of the electronic nose instruments to evaluation of ambient air with respect to Odour Nuisance are discussed.
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different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e nose type to evaluate ambient air quality with respect to Odour Nuisance in a vicinity of municipal processing plants
Sensors, 2017Co-Authors: Bartosz Szulczyński, Jacek Namieśnik, Tomasz Dymerski, Wojciech Wojnowski, Tomasz Wasilewski, Tomasz Majchrzak, Jacek GebickiAbstract:This review paper presents different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e-nose type to evaluate ambient air with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant Odour in a vicinity of municipal processing plants. An emphasis was put on the following applications of the electronic nose instruments: monitoring networks, remote controlled robots and drones as well as portable devices. Moreover, this paper presents commercially available sensors utilized in the electronic noses and characterized by the limit of quantification below 1 ppm v/v, which is close to the Odour threshold of some odorants. Additionally, information about bioelectronic noses being a possible alternative to electronic noses and their principle of operation and application potential in the field of air evaluation with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant Odour was provided.
