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Paul T Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composition of Products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor effects of temperature and residence time
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Jude A Onwudili, Nagi Insura, Paul T WilliamsAbstract:Abstract The compositions of the pyrolysis Products of pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) and their mixtures have been investigated over a temperature range from 300 to 500 °C. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a closed batch reactor under inert nitrogen atmosphere to study the effects of reaction temperature and residence time. LDPE was thermally degraded to Oil at 425 °C however, beyond this temperature the proportion of Oil Product decreased as a result of its conversion to char and hydrocarbon gas. Compositional analysis of the Oil Products showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons were the major components, but the proportion of aromatic compounds increased at higher temperatures and residence times. On the other hand, PS degraded at around 350 °C, mainly into a viscous dark-coloured Oil. The formation of char only increased marginally until 425 °C, but was dramatically enhanced at 450 and 500 °C, reaching up to 30 wt.%. The Oil Product from PS even at 350 °C consisted almost entirely of aromatic compounds especially toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Under increasing temperatures and residence times, the Oil Product from PS was preferentially converted to char, while gas formation was preferred for the Oil from LDPE. For instance at 500 °C, PS produced about twice the amount of char obtained from LDPE indicating the role of aromatic compounds in char formation via condensation of the aromatic ring structure. During the co-pyrolysis of a 7:3 mixture of LDPE and PS, wax Product was observed at 350 °C leading to Oil at 400 °C, indicating that the presence of PS influenced the conversion of LDPE by lowering its degradation temperature. The mixture produced more Oil and less char than the individual plastics at 450 °C.
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composition of Products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor effects of temperature and residence time
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Jude A Onwudili, Nagi Insura, Paul T WilliamsAbstract:Abstract The compositions of the pyrolysis Products of pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) and their mixtures have been investigated over a temperature range from 300 to 500 °C. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a closed batch reactor under inert nitrogen atmosphere to study the effects of reaction temperature and residence time. LDPE was thermally degraded to Oil at 425 °C however, beyond this temperature the proportion of Oil Product decreased as a result of its conversion to char and hydrocarbon gas. Compositional analysis of the Oil Products showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons were the major components, but the proportion of aromatic compounds increased at higher temperatures and residence times. On the other hand, PS degraded at around 350 °C, mainly into a viscous dark-coloured Oil. The formation of char only increased marginally until 425 °C, but was dramatically enhanced at 450 and 500 °C, reaching up to 30 wt.%. The Oil Product from PS even at 350 °C consisted almost entirely of aromatic compounds especially toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Under increasing temperatures and residence times, the Oil Product from PS was preferentially converted to char, while gas formation was preferred for the Oil from LDPE. For instance at 500 °C, PS produced about twice the amount of char obtained from LDPE indicating the role of aromatic compounds in char formation via condensation of the aromatic ring structure. During the co-pyrolysis of a 7:3 mixture of LDPE and PS, wax Product was observed at 350 °C leading to Oil at 400 °C, indicating that the presence of PS influenced the conversion of LDPE by lowering its degradation temperature. The mixture produced more Oil and less char than the individual plastics at 450 °C.
Jude A Onwudili - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composition of Products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor effects of temperature and residence time
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Jude A Onwudili, Nagi Insura, Paul T WilliamsAbstract:Abstract The compositions of the pyrolysis Products of pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) and their mixtures have been investigated over a temperature range from 300 to 500 °C. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a closed batch reactor under inert nitrogen atmosphere to study the effects of reaction temperature and residence time. LDPE was thermally degraded to Oil at 425 °C however, beyond this temperature the proportion of Oil Product decreased as a result of its conversion to char and hydrocarbon gas. Compositional analysis of the Oil Products showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons were the major components, but the proportion of aromatic compounds increased at higher temperatures and residence times. On the other hand, PS degraded at around 350 °C, mainly into a viscous dark-coloured Oil. The formation of char only increased marginally until 425 °C, but was dramatically enhanced at 450 and 500 °C, reaching up to 30 wt.%. The Oil Product from PS even at 350 °C consisted almost entirely of aromatic compounds especially toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Under increasing temperatures and residence times, the Oil Product from PS was preferentially converted to char, while gas formation was preferred for the Oil from LDPE. For instance at 500 °C, PS produced about twice the amount of char obtained from LDPE indicating the role of aromatic compounds in char formation via condensation of the aromatic ring structure. During the co-pyrolysis of a 7:3 mixture of LDPE and PS, wax Product was observed at 350 °C leading to Oil at 400 °C, indicating that the presence of PS influenced the conversion of LDPE by lowering its degradation temperature. The mixture produced more Oil and less char than the individual plastics at 450 °C.
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composition of Products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor effects of temperature and residence time
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Jude A Onwudili, Nagi Insura, Paul T WilliamsAbstract:Abstract The compositions of the pyrolysis Products of pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) and their mixtures have been investigated over a temperature range from 300 to 500 °C. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a closed batch reactor under inert nitrogen atmosphere to study the effects of reaction temperature and residence time. LDPE was thermally degraded to Oil at 425 °C however, beyond this temperature the proportion of Oil Product decreased as a result of its conversion to char and hydrocarbon gas. Compositional analysis of the Oil Products showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons were the major components, but the proportion of aromatic compounds increased at higher temperatures and residence times. On the other hand, PS degraded at around 350 °C, mainly into a viscous dark-coloured Oil. The formation of char only increased marginally until 425 °C, but was dramatically enhanced at 450 and 500 °C, reaching up to 30 wt.%. The Oil Product from PS even at 350 °C consisted almost entirely of aromatic compounds especially toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Under increasing temperatures and residence times, the Oil Product from PS was preferentially converted to char, while gas formation was preferred for the Oil from LDPE. For instance at 500 °C, PS produced about twice the amount of char obtained from LDPE indicating the role of aromatic compounds in char formation via condensation of the aromatic ring structure. During the co-pyrolysis of a 7:3 mixture of LDPE and PS, wax Product was observed at 350 °C leading to Oil at 400 °C, indicating that the presence of PS influenced the conversion of LDPE by lowering its degradation temperature. The mixture produced more Oil and less char than the individual plastics at 450 °C.
Nagi Insura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composition of Products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor effects of temperature and residence time
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Jude A Onwudili, Nagi Insura, Paul T WilliamsAbstract:Abstract The compositions of the pyrolysis Products of pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) and their mixtures have been investigated over a temperature range from 300 to 500 °C. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a closed batch reactor under inert nitrogen atmosphere to study the effects of reaction temperature and residence time. LDPE was thermally degraded to Oil at 425 °C however, beyond this temperature the proportion of Oil Product decreased as a result of its conversion to char and hydrocarbon gas. Compositional analysis of the Oil Products showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons were the major components, but the proportion of aromatic compounds increased at higher temperatures and residence times. On the other hand, PS degraded at around 350 °C, mainly into a viscous dark-coloured Oil. The formation of char only increased marginally until 425 °C, but was dramatically enhanced at 450 and 500 °C, reaching up to 30 wt.%. The Oil Product from PS even at 350 °C consisted almost entirely of aromatic compounds especially toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Under increasing temperatures and residence times, the Oil Product from PS was preferentially converted to char, while gas formation was preferred for the Oil from LDPE. For instance at 500 °C, PS produced about twice the amount of char obtained from LDPE indicating the role of aromatic compounds in char formation via condensation of the aromatic ring structure. During the co-pyrolysis of a 7:3 mixture of LDPE and PS, wax Product was observed at 350 °C leading to Oil at 400 °C, indicating that the presence of PS influenced the conversion of LDPE by lowering its degradation temperature. The mixture produced more Oil and less char than the individual plastics at 450 °C.
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composition of Products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor effects of temperature and residence time
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009Co-Authors: Jude A Onwudili, Nagi Insura, Paul T WilliamsAbstract:Abstract The compositions of the pyrolysis Products of pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) and their mixtures have been investigated over a temperature range from 300 to 500 °C. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a closed batch reactor under inert nitrogen atmosphere to study the effects of reaction temperature and residence time. LDPE was thermally degraded to Oil at 425 °C however, beyond this temperature the proportion of Oil Product decreased as a result of its conversion to char and hydrocarbon gas. Compositional analysis of the Oil Products showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons were the major components, but the proportion of aromatic compounds increased at higher temperatures and residence times. On the other hand, PS degraded at around 350 °C, mainly into a viscous dark-coloured Oil. The formation of char only increased marginally until 425 °C, but was dramatically enhanced at 450 and 500 °C, reaching up to 30 wt.%. The Oil Product from PS even at 350 °C consisted almost entirely of aromatic compounds especially toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Under increasing temperatures and residence times, the Oil Product from PS was preferentially converted to char, while gas formation was preferred for the Oil from LDPE. For instance at 500 °C, PS produced about twice the amount of char obtained from LDPE indicating the role of aromatic compounds in char formation via condensation of the aromatic ring structure. During the co-pyrolysis of a 7:3 mixture of LDPE and PS, wax Product was observed at 350 °C leading to Oil at 400 °C, indicating that the presence of PS influenced the conversion of LDPE by lowering its degradation temperature. The mixture produced more Oil and less char than the individual plastics at 450 °C.
James A Fay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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model of spills and fires from lng and Oil tankers
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003Co-Authors: James A FayAbstract:A comprehensive model for predicting the dynamics of spills from LNG and Oil Product tankers is constructed from fluid mechanics principles and empirical properties of Oil and LNG spills on water. The analysis utilizes the significant tanker hold and discharge flow area dimensions to specify the cargo liquid outflow history and the ensuing pool characteristics, including the establishment of a pool fire. The pool fire area, duration, and heat release rate are determined as functions of the tanker cargo variables. Examples of an LNG and gasoline spill show that for likely discharge flow areas these spills may be regarded as instantaneous, simplifying the evaluation of risk consequences.
Nickolai V. Kukhtarev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermal lens effect and fluorescence of motor Oil investigated by holographic method
Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Arcadi Chirita, Fedor Dimov, Nickolai V. KukhtarevAbstract:This paper presents studies of the thermal lens effect in the volume of motor Oil by holographic methods using excitation of 447nm laser wavelength. The possibility of using a hologram of initial object, as a diffractive element, for obtaining the spectral dependence of the fluorescence of the Oil Product was shown.
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Thermal lens effect and fluorescence of motor Oil investigated by holographic method
Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Arcadi Chirita, Fedor Dimov, Nickolai V. KukhtarevAbstract:This paper presents studies of the thermal lens effect in the volume of motor Oil by holographic methods using excitation of 447[Formula: see text]nm laser wavelength. The possibility of using a hologram of initial object, as a diffractive element, for obtaining the spectral dependence of the fluorescence of the Oil Product was shown.
