The Experts below are selected from a list of 39 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Torgeir Holen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A large-scale quantitative EM study on activation of Olfactory Glands shows no effect of cholinergic agents.
Microscopy (Oxford England), 2016Co-Authors: Nina P. Hessvik, Niels C. Danbolt, Torgeir HolenAbstract:Little is known about Olfactory Glands' regulation despite their presumed importance for normal functioning of the cilia of Olfactory neurons. The aim of this study was to establish an assay for Olfactory gland activation by using large-scale quantitative electron microscopy (EM). In addition we wanted to test the hypothesis that cholinergic drugs activate the Olfactory Glands, by using our newly established EM assay. In total, over 70 000 secretory gland vesicles were quantified in over 3000 cells. Olfactory gland cell size (40.8 µm2 ± 2.0 SD), vesicle diameter (812 nm ± 57 SD) and vesicles per cell (21.6 ± 4.2 SD) were also quantified. The vesicle percentage of the cell area varied between 24% and 30%. In a blinded study we found no significant effects of cholinergic agents on parameters of vesicle number or vesicle diameter. Unexpectedly, pilocarpine treatment increased Olfactory gland size, probably by inducing cell swelling. In conclusion, we have established a quantitative EM assay for Olfactory gland activation and provided new data on basic Olfactory gland cell characteristics. By using the EM assay, Olfactory Glands are shown not to be activated by cholinergic agents, which indicates an alternative regulation pathway or constitutive secretion from Olfactory Glands.
Nina P. Hessvik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A large-scale quantitative EM study on activation of Olfactory Glands shows no effect of cholinergic agents.
Microscopy (Oxford England), 2016Co-Authors: Nina P. Hessvik, Niels C. Danbolt, Torgeir HolenAbstract:Little is known about Olfactory Glands' regulation despite their presumed importance for normal functioning of the cilia of Olfactory neurons. The aim of this study was to establish an assay for Olfactory gland activation by using large-scale quantitative electron microscopy (EM). In addition we wanted to test the hypothesis that cholinergic drugs activate the Olfactory Glands, by using our newly established EM assay. In total, over 70 000 secretory gland vesicles were quantified in over 3000 cells. Olfactory gland cell size (40.8 µm2 ± 2.0 SD), vesicle diameter (812 nm ± 57 SD) and vesicles per cell (21.6 ± 4.2 SD) were also quantified. The vesicle percentage of the cell area varied between 24% and 30%. In a blinded study we found no significant effects of cholinergic agents on parameters of vesicle number or vesicle diameter. Unexpectedly, pilocarpine treatment increased Olfactory gland size, probably by inducing cell swelling. In conclusion, we have established a quantitative EM assay for Olfactory gland activation and provided new data on basic Olfactory gland cell characteristics. By using the EM assay, Olfactory Glands are shown not to be activated by cholinergic agents, which indicates an alternative regulation pathway or constitutive secretion from Olfactory Glands.
Niels C. Danbolt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A large-scale quantitative EM study on activation of Olfactory Glands shows no effect of cholinergic agents.
Microscopy (Oxford England), 2016Co-Authors: Nina P. Hessvik, Niels C. Danbolt, Torgeir HolenAbstract:Little is known about Olfactory Glands' regulation despite their presumed importance for normal functioning of the cilia of Olfactory neurons. The aim of this study was to establish an assay for Olfactory gland activation by using large-scale quantitative electron microscopy (EM). In addition we wanted to test the hypothesis that cholinergic drugs activate the Olfactory Glands, by using our newly established EM assay. In total, over 70 000 secretory gland vesicles were quantified in over 3000 cells. Olfactory gland cell size (40.8 µm2 ± 2.0 SD), vesicle diameter (812 nm ± 57 SD) and vesicles per cell (21.6 ± 4.2 SD) were also quantified. The vesicle percentage of the cell area varied between 24% and 30%. In a blinded study we found no significant effects of cholinergic agents on parameters of vesicle number or vesicle diameter. Unexpectedly, pilocarpine treatment increased Olfactory gland size, probably by inducing cell swelling. In conclusion, we have established a quantitative EM assay for Olfactory gland activation and provided new data on basic Olfactory gland cell characteristics. By using the EM assay, Olfactory Glands are shown not to be activated by cholinergic agents, which indicates an alternative regulation pathway or constitutive secretion from Olfactory Glands.
Robert R. H. Anholt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Olfactomedin: purification, characterization, and localization of a novel Olfactory glycoprotein.
Biochemistry, 1991Co-Authors: David A. Snyder, Ann M. Rivers, Hiroko Yokoe, Bert Ph. M. Menco, Robert R. H. AnholtAbstract:We have identified a novel glycoprotein expressed exclusively in frog Olfactory neuroepithelium, which we have named "olfactomedin". Olfactomedin is a 57-kDa glycoprotein recognized by seven monoclonal antibodies, previously shown to react solely with proteins of Olfactory cilia preparations. It undergoes posttranslational modifications, including dimerization via intermolecular disulfides and attachment of complex carbohydrate moieties that contain N-acetylglucosamine and beta-D-galactoside sugars. Olfactomedin strongly binds to Ricinus communis agglutinin I and has been purified to homogeneity by lectin affinity chromatography. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against purified olfactomedin confirmed that it is expressed only in Olfactory tissue. Immunohistochemical studies at the light microscopic and electron microscopic level show that olfactomedin is localized in secretory granules of sustentacular cells, in acinar cells of Olfactory Glands, and at the mucociliary surface. The massive production of olfactomedin and its striking deposition at the chemosensory surface of the Olfactory neuroepithelium suggest a role for this protein in chemoreception.
Kazushige Ogawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fine Structure of the Septal Olfactory Organ of Masera and its Associated Gland in the Golden Hamster
The Journal of veterinary medical science, 1993Co-Authors: Kazuyuki Taniguchi, Tohru Arai, Kazushige OgawaAbstract:Fine structures of the septal Olfactory organ of Masera (MO) and its associated gland, a kind of Olfactory Glands, were examined in the golden hamster in comparison with those of the Olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO) and their associated Olfactory Glands. Bipolar neurons of the MO were divided into two types according to their apical morphology, one similar to the receptors of the OE and the other to those of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE). The former was dominant and interpreted as main receptors of the MO. The other was less in number, but also regarded as a kind of Olfactory receptors. The ultrastructural features of supporting cells of the MO were similar to those of the OE rather than to those of the VSE, while those of basal cells were almost in common in the OE, VSE and MO. The associated gland of the MO was positive to both PAS and alcian blue as the Bowman's gland of the OE. The fine structure of the associated gland of the MO was also similar to that of Bowman's gland. The present findings on the fine structure of the MO and its associated gland strongly suggest that the MO fulfills an Olfactory function similar to that of the OE.
